SAROJ MOHAN INSľIľUľE OF ľECHNOLOGY

Diploma Engineering Division

Guptipara, Hooghly, Pin-712512, West Bengal, India

PROJECT REPORT
ON
Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) using KK 2.1.5
Flight Controller Board for surveillance
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF
DIPLOMA
In
Electrical Engineering

SUBMITTED TO
SAROJ MOHAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUPTIPARA

SUBMITTED BY
NAME: PRASENJIT SAMANTA
ROLL: D136052006
NO: 00631

GUIDED BY
MR.MALAY GHATA
LECTURER
(Electronics &
Telecommunication
Department)
May 2019

In the modern world with increase in the technology there is equal growth in automobiles
which
creates traffic leading to sound pollution, traffic jam and air pollution. So it take more than
 Table of contents
SL.NO. CONTENT
01 ABSTRACT
02 INTRODUCTION.
03 1. LIST OF COMPONENTS.
04 2. ESTIMATION AND COSTING.
05 3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW.
06 4. KK2.1.5.
07 5. ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER.
08 6. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR.
09 7. PROPELLERS.
10 8. BATTERY.
11 9. TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER.
12 10. FRAME.
13 11. WORKING.
12. RESULT.
14 13. FLOWCHART.
15 14. DRONE RULES AND
REGULATIONS IN INDIA :
i. INDIA DRONE REGULATIONS.
ii. SPECIAL TRAVEL
CONSIDERATIONS.
iii. GENERAL RULES FOR FLYING A
DRONE.
iv. DRONE CATEGORIES IN INDIA.
v. REQUIRED DRONE EQUIPMENT IN
INDIA.
vi. INDIA’S NO PERMISSION NO
TAKEOFF POLICY.
16 15. PRECAUTIONS.
16. CONCLUSION.
17. REFERENCES.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take the opportunity to express my intuition of gratitude to prof. Malay
Ghata, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, for his highly steerage
and gestures.
I convey my earnest gratefulness to prof. Abhishek Ganguly, (HOD)/ Dept. of Electrical
Engineering, for his rousing leadership.
I also wish to mark up my thanks to prof. Sourav Adhya and due colleagues for associating
my seminars and for their insightfull comments and constructive suggestions to enhance the
quality of this project work.
I am even then grateful to Kajal Sarkar, Director and Indrajit Santra, Principal, SMIT, for
providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, besides which this assignment would not
have been possible.

Student’s Signature
 ABSTRACT

Drone (Unmanned aerial vehicle) is an electronic device which is

remote controlled based aircraft used to achieve vertical flight with
stability using KK2.1.5 board and it can be used for live streaming and
also for capturing images using camera and as technology advances
increase the performance and reduces the cost of microcontroller so that
general public can design their own drone .The main aim of this project
is for live streaming and collecting images.This drone includes a frame,
flight control board, motors, electronic speed controllers, a transmitter, a
receiver, Lipo battery and camera interfaced with the kit. Individual
components were tested and verified. Tuning and calibration of the PID
controller were done to obtain stabilization on each axis. Currently, the
drone can properly stabilize itself. The aim of the project has been
achieved, resulting in stable and capturing images.
  Introduction
A Drone has the potential for performing many tasks where humans cannot
enter, for example, high temperature and high altitude surveillance in many
industries, rescue missions. A Drone has four propellers with motors that
generate the thrust for lifting the aircraft. A drone is also called as the Quad
copter. The basic principle behind the quad copter is, the two motors will rotate
in the clockwise direction the other two will rotate in an anticlockwise direction
allowing the aircraft to vertically ascend. While taking the flight with the help a
camera we can have live streaming and capture images.
 1.LIST OF COMPONENTS
COMPONENT NAME MODEL PRICE REFFERENCE

DESCRIPTIO INR PICTURE

N
FRAME HJF 450 ₹800

PROPELLER ABS ₹300

PLASTICK

(RED)

4NOS
MOTOR A22212/10T ₹517
EACH
1400KV

4NOS

ESC SIMONK ₹ 999

EACH
(RED) 30A

4NOS

BATTERY 3S LIPO ₹3200

5200 MAH

FLIGHT CONTROLLER KK 2.1.5 FLIGHT ₹1699

CONTROLLER
WITH INBUILT
MPU 6050 GYRO
MODULE
TRANSMITTER FS-CT6B ₹2899
/ RECIEVER

LANDING GEAR SUNROBOTIX ₹295

LANDING GEAR
MUKTY COPTER
AND DIY DRONES
 2. Estimation and Costing
1. FRAME ₹800
2. PROPELLER ₹300
3. MOTOR ₹517 EACH
4. ESC ₹ 999 EACH
5. 3S LiPoBATTERY ₹3200
6. FLIGHT CONTROLLER ₹1699
7. TRANSMITTER/ RECIEVER ₹2899
8. LANDING GEAR ₹295
9. LiPo battery Charger ₹550
10. 8* 1.2v Ni-Cd batteries ₹670
11. Ni-Cd battery charger ₹330
12. DuPont connectors ₹140
13. Buzzer ₹20
14. Zip tie ₹50
15. Foam tape ₹35

Total cost = ₹17052 ∕− ONLY

 3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The system consists of KK2.1.5 Multi-rotor board, transmitter, receiver, Lipo battery,
electronic speed controllers, motors, and frame
 4. KK2.1.5
KK 2.1.5 is a board with ATMEL mega 664PA,8-bit AVR RISC based microcontroller with
64K of memory. It is easy for the beginner to start with and has firmware pre-defined in it.
While activating or deactivating the board there is an audio warning from the piezo buzzer of
KK 2.1.5.It is the most stable board because it has inbuilt gyroscope, 6050 MPU, and auto
level function. This board has eight motor outputs, five control inputs, an LCD display,
polarity protected voltage sensor input, an ISP header, six-axis accelerometer/gyroscope, a
fuse protected piezo output. The user-defined signals from K.K.board are processed by
ATMEL 664PA IC and these control signals are passed to the ESC's installed on the frame
of the drone.

Table 1: Specifications of KK2.1.5 Board

Microcontroller Atmega 664PA

Operating Voltage 1.8-5.5v

Input Voltage 4.8-6.0v

Gyro./Acc. MPU 6050

Memory 64KBytes

Signal from 1520us(5channels)

Receiver

Signal to ESC 1520us

Pin count 44

Software required Pre-installed

Size 50.5mm X
50.5mm X 12mm
 5. ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER
An electronic speed controller is an electronic device used to control the speed of the motor
and the direction also. It follows a speed reference signal and varies the switching rate of
field effect transistors. By adjusting the duty cycle or switching the frequencies of the
transistor the speed can be changed.

Fig 3: Internal Circuit of Electronic Speed Controller

Table 2: Specifications of Electronic Speed Controller

 6. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
BLDC motor is a type of synchronous motor that is powered by DC source via an inverter to
produce an AC electric current to drive each phase of the motor. Its construction is simple as
permanent magnet synchronous motor. The advantage of this motor is High speed and
electronic control.

Table 3: Specifications of Brushless DC

Motor
Kv(rpm/v) 1400

Max.Power 920w

ESC 30A

Weight 150g

Battery 3s-5s LiPo

Fig 5: Brushless DC Motor

 7. PROPELLERS
These are simply fans which convert the motion of the motor into upward thrust.
They are, made up of flexible fibre to be unbreakable
Inches while crash landing.
10 inch

Thickness 0.45 inch

Diameter 0.8 inch

Weight 22 gms

Type Pusher &puller pair

Type
 8. BATTERY
Lithium polymer battery or Li-po battery is a simple rechargeable battery with
different current ratings and number of cells. Here lithium ion adds to the
polymer which is an electrolyte.
T Tyapblee 5: aLtiio-pnos of
Specific Li-po
Battery
No. of cells 3S (3cells)

mAh 5200mAh

Output Voltage 12.5v

weight 400 gms

Fig 7: Lipo battery

 9. TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER
The Transmitter acts as a controller from the user. It is a radio communicating wireless
control system. The signal from the transmitter is received by the receiver placed on the
frame of Drone through the antenna in a receiver. The signal from a receiver is given to KK
board. This board will send the signal to all electronic speed controller from that speed of the
motor is controlled by the transmitter. The modulation scheme used in between transmitter
and receiver is pulse position
modulation (PPM).
Table 6: Specifications of Transmitter and Receiver

Type FSCT6B

Frequency 2.4GHz

channels 6

Operating voltage 10-12v

Receiver Weight 50 gms

Antenna 1

r
 10. FRAME
These are many types of frames for Drone. They are made of fibre & has integrated PCB for
soldering ESCs and battery wires. Different colour coding made us know the orientation of
the Drone.

Table 7: Specifications of Drone Frame

Frame X shape

Width 450mm

Height 55mm

Weight 280 gms

Motor mounting 16
holes

Fig 9: Drone PCB Frame

 11. WORKING
As the battery (Lipo) is plugged into the power distribution board of drone, here camera is
also switched ON for live streaming and capturing pictures. Before this, the Transmitter
should be in ON condition, if not ERROR can occur in FCB. After switching ON the FCB
and the Transmitter, the Receiver test is done to make every channel that is Aileron, Throttle,
Elevator, Rudder, Aux equal to " 0 ".Now after the receiver test, ARM the K.K 2.1.5 board
so that all 4 motors rotate with equal orientation and speed. Now increase the Throttle using
Transmitter (controller) to stabilize the motor's speed and take a flight.

12. RESULT

Fig11: Rare view of Drone

13. FLOWCHART
 14. DRONE RULES AND REGULATIONS IN INDIA

INDIA DRONE REGULATIONS

According to India’s national aviation authority, the Ministry of Civil Aviation, flying a drone is
legal in India, but we recommend being aware of and compliant with the drone regulations listed
below before doing so.
India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation announced the country’s first Civil Aviation
Requirements (CAR) for drones on August 27, 2018 to go into effect December 1, 2018.

Special Travel Considerations

Foreigners are currently not allowed to fly drones in India. For commercial purpose, they need to
lease the drone to an Indian entity who in-turn will obtain Unique Identification Number (UIN) and
UAOP from DGCA.

General Rules for Flying a Drone in India

Based on our research and interpretation of the laws, here are the most important rules to know for
flying a drone in India.

o All drones except those in the Nano category must be registered and issued a Unique
Identification Number (UIN).

o A permit is required for commercial drone operations (except for those in the Nano category
flown below 50 feet and those in the Micro category flown below 200 feet).

o Drone pilots must maintain a direct visual line of sight at all times while flying.

o Drones cannot be flown more than 400 feet vertically.

o Drones cannot be flown in areas specified as “No Fly Zones”, which include areas near
airports, international borders, Vijay Chowk in Delhi, State Secretariat Complex in State
Capitals, strategic locations, and military installations.

o Permission to fly in controlled airspace can be obtained by filing a flight plan and obtaining a
unique Air Defense Clearance (ADC)/Flight Information Center (FIC) number.
Drone Categories in India
Registration is required for all but the Nano category.

o Nano: Less than or equal to 250 grams (.55 pounds)

o Micro: From 250 grams (.55 pounds) to 2kg (4.4 pounds)

o Small: From 2kg (4.4 pounds) to 25kg (55 pounds)

o Medium: From 25kg (55 pounds) to 150kg (330 pounds)

o Large: Greater than 150kg (33 pounds)

Required Drone Equipment in India
Also worth noting is that India has specific requirements regarding the types of features a drone
must have to be flown in India (excluding those in the Nano category). These mandatory
requirements include:

o GPS
o Return-to-home (RTH)
o Anti-collision light
o ID plate
o A flight controller with flight data logging capability
o RF ID and SIM/No Permission No Takeoff
(NPNT) India’s No Permission, No Takeoff Policy
Before every single flight, drone pilots are required to request permission to fly via a mobile app,
which will automatically process the request and grant or reject it. India is calling their system “No
Permission, No Takeoff” (NPNT). If a drone pilot tries to fly without receiving permission from the
Digital Sky Platform, he or she will simply not be able to takeoff.

All drone operators will register their drone and request permission to fly for each flight through
India’s Digital Sky Platform. The Digital Sky Platform and further details will be available on
the DGCA website from December 1, 2018.
For more information on India’s drone laws, see http://dgca.nic.in/cars/RPAS- Do's%20and
%20Don'ts.pdf
15. PRECAUTIONS
□ Before switching ON the KK2.1.5 make sure the Transmitter is in ON condition.

□ Do the receiver test that is making sure the Aileron, Elevator, Rudder, throttle, Aux
pins are all equal to zero.

□ At last, check if all the motors are rotating with equal speed or not if you are
increasing the Throttle value.

□ Make sure that the Lipo battery is fully charged up to 11.1V

□ Lipo batteries are highly dangerous, there is a chance for it to explode if they are
overcharged. So be careful while charging them. Don’t leave it unattended while
charging.

16. CONCLUSION
There are many places where man has to risk his life for the surveillance in industries like in
horrible temperature conditions unbearable by man, high altitude work. There are many
people losing their lives. So the solution to this problem can be brought up by using a
remote-controlled aerial vehicle for surveillance.

This project majorly finds its use in military and defense for surveillance at the border as a
part of border security force and can reduce the loss of human lives by intimating the soldiers
about the target.

17. REFERENCES
[1] R. Banga “Building a Quadcopter using KK 2.1.5 Flight Controller” in Instructables
published on June 27th, 2015.
[2] Craigie "FPV for Beginners" in Drone fliers and published on October 10th 2014.
[3] Korey "How to Build a Quad copter" in My First Drone.published on February
22nd,2014. [4] Coleman Benson "How to Make A UAV/Drone" in Robot Shop published
on October 29th,2014.
[5] Clym Montgomery "Multi-Rotor, First-Person view, And The Hardware You Need"in
tom shard ware published on June 3rd, 2014.
 PREPARED BY

PRASENJIT SAMANTA

GUIDED BY: Mr. Malay Ghata