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Introduction To Instrumentation Work Sheet

This document contains a worksheet covering instrumentation topics related to sensors, transducers, signal conditioning, and output devices. It includes 16 questions addressing sensing elements, types of sensors, sensor classification, thermistors, fuel level measurement, pulse measurement, temperature sensors, signal conditioning, level shifters, voltage dividers, Wheatstone bridges, fault location, output presentation, displays, and moving coil indicators. The questions require calculations of sensor outputs, circuit design, and analysis of instrumentation components and systems.

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189 views4 pages

Introduction To Instrumentation Work Sheet

This document contains a worksheet covering instrumentation topics related to sensors, transducers, signal conditioning, and output devices. It includes 16 questions addressing sensing elements, types of sensors, sensor classification, thermistors, fuel level measurement, pulse measurement, temperature sensors, signal conditioning, level shifters, voltage dividers, Wheatstone bridges, fault location, output presentation, displays, and moving coil indicators. The questions require calculations of sensor outputs, circuit design, and analysis of instrumentation components and systems.

Uploaded by

meleseashenafi736
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Debre Markos Institute of Technology

School of Electrical & Computer Engineering


Introduction to Instrumentation Worksheet #ch3, #ch4 and #ch 5
1. Disscus on the follwing points
a) What is the function of a sensing element in measuring instruments?
b) What are sensors? List and explain different types of sensor?
c) Explain the classification of sensor based on various input and output?
d) What are seeback and peltier effect explain with example?
2. The resistance in kΩ of a thermistor at temperature t °𝐾 is approximately by.
If a linear voltage divider is used as below and supply voltage is
14V, maximum output voltage is 3V, and the measuring temperature
range is 0 ~50℃. What is the minimum output voltage(in mV) from the voltage
divider.

3. A floating sensor in a certain fuel tank is connected to a variable resistor


(often called a potentiometer) such that a full tank (100 liters) corresponds
to 11Ω and an empty tank corresponds to 10Ω.
a. Design a circuit that provides an output voltage which indicates the
amount of fuel remaining, so that 1V=empty and 5V=full.
b. Design a circuit to indicate the rate of fuel consumption by providing a
voltage output calibrated to yield 1V=1l/s.
4. We can measure pulse in humans using a capacitive sensor as shown in the diagram
below:

The pulse in the vein causes a small displacement in the capacitor, which causes
a small change in the voltage. We hook up the sensor to an amplifier as shown.
The capacitive sensor specifications are: A=2.5cm*2.5cm and Xd=10𝜇m. The material
between the plates has a relative permittivity of 22. VDc=0.5V Amplifier
specifications: R=100MΩ and Gain=1.
a) How much motion in the plate must occur in order to obtain an output of 50
mV?
b) What if the input resistance was 1MΩ.

Page 1 Good Luck!!!


5. An amplifier output voltage that is 10 times the voltage on its input terminals.
It has an input resistance of 10k𝛺 . A sensor outputs a voltage proportional to
Tempreture with a transfer function of 20 𝑚𝑉⁄℃ . The senor has an output
resistance of 5k𝛺. If the temperature is 50℃, find the amplifier output.
6. A linear variable differential transformer has a stroke length of ±150mm and
produces a resolution of 40mV/mm when moved. Determine:
a) The LVDT’s maximum output voltage.
b) The output voltage when the core is moved 120mm from its null position.
c) The core position from center when the output voltage is 3.75 volts.
d) The change in output voltage when the core is moved from +80mm to -80mm
displacement.
7. A platinum resistance thermometer has a resistance of 150Ω at 20℃ forms one arm
of a Wheatstone bridge as shown in Fig. At this temperature the bridge is
balanced with each other arms setting at the same resistance(i.e.R=150Ω). The
temperature coefficient of resistance of the platinum at 20℃ is 0.003℃-1. [Given
that: R1= R0[1+α0(T1-T0)]
a) What will be the output voltage Vo of the bridge
if the temperature rises to 50 ℃?
b) Determine the temperature of the thermometer if
the output voltage of the bridge is 0.3 V.
c) Find the power consumed in it.

8. In your own words, define the term signal conditioning. Describe the most
operation performed in the process of signal conditioning.
9. The level shifter of Figure below has the ability to add or subtract a DC offset
to or from a signal. Analyze the circuit and design it, so that it can remove a
1.8V DC offset from a sensor output signal.
Given:

10. The voltage used to power a heater in an experiment is nominally 120V. To record
this voltage, it must first be attenuated using a voltage divider. The attenuator
reduces the voltage by a factor of 15 and the sum of the resistors 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 is
1000𝛺.
a) Find 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 and the ideal voltage output(neglecting loading effect)
b) If the source resistance 𝑅𝑠 is 1 𝛺, find the actual divider output 𝑉𝑜 and the
resulting loading error in 𝑉𝑜 .
c) If the divider output is connected to a recorder that has an input impedance
of 5000𝛺. What will be the voltage output(input to the recorder) and the
resulting loading error?

Page 2 Good Luck!!!


11. A bridge ckt for which R4 varies from 100𝛺 to 102𝛺 is shown below. Show how this
bridge could be connected to the given instrumentation amplifier to provide an
o/p of 0 to 2.5V for that change in R4. Assume that, in instrumentation amplifier,
R2= R3=1k𝛺 and R1 =100k𝛺.

12. Murray loop test is used to locate ground fault in a telephone system. The total
resistance, R=R1+ R2 is measured by Wheatstone bridge, and its value is 300Ω. The
conditions for Murray loop test are as follows: R3=1000Ω and R4=500Ω.
Find the location of the fault in meter, if the length per Ohm is 36.67m.

13. Define the output presentation element by your own words and discuss the
classifications as well.
14. List out the basic examples of a displaying and a recording device
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of LCDS, LEDs and CRTs.

Page 3 Good Luck!!!


16. A moving coil indicator is connected to a Thévenin signal source of resistance
125Ω. Use the data given below to answer the following questions.
a) Calculate the steady-state sensitivity (rad 𝑉 −1), natural frequency and
damping ratio for the system.
b) What additional resistance must be connected into the circuit to give a
damping ratio of 0.7? What is the sensitivity of the modified system?
Given
Number of turns on coil=100
Coil resistance=75Ω
Coil area=10−4 𝑚2
Coil moment of inertia
=2.5*10−5kg𝑚2
Magnetic flux density=150Wb𝑚−2
Spring stiffness=10−3 Nm 𝑟𝑎𝑑−1

Page 4 Good Luck!!!

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