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Temporal Deixis Compare and Constrast

The document provides guidance for writing a research project, outlining six key steps: 1) Analyze and adapt the topic, 2) Conduct research, 3) Develop a research question, 4) Create an outline, 5) Write a draft, and 6) Finalize the project. It then discusses deixis as referring to how language points to specific elements in context, with temporal deixis anchoring language to our timeline. The document compares time deixis in Vietnamese and English, noting they serve the same function but differ due to distinct linguistic backgrounds. Similarities include use of adverbs, prepositions, tense markers, and time expressions, while differences relate to how each language specifically conveys tense.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
155 views4 pages

Temporal Deixis Compare and Constrast

The document provides guidance for writing a research project, outlining six key steps: 1) Analyze and adapt the topic, 2) Conduct research, 3) Develop a research question, 4) Create an outline, 5) Write a draft, and 6) Finalize the project. It then discusses deixis as referring to how language points to specific elements in context, with temporal deixis anchoring language to our timeline. The document compares time deixis in Vietnamese and English, noting they serve the same function but differ due to distinct linguistic backgrounds. Similarities include use of adverbs, prepositions, tense markers, and time expressions, while differences relate to how each language specifically conveys tense.

Uploaded by

Si Ehko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Vietnamese & English Time Dexis (Comparison & Contrast)


Here are some steps you can follow when writing your project:
1. Analyze the topic assigned and modify/adapt/specify it to fit your research intention
providing that it is still relevant to the scope of pragmatics.
2. Conduct research on your assigned topic. This may involve reading academic articles,
books, and other sources of information.
3. Develop a research question or hypothesis that you want to explore in your project.
4. Write an outline for your project that includes the main sections you want to cover.
5. Write a draft of your project that includes an introduction, literature review,
methodology, findings and results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
6. Finalize your project and hand it in

INTRODUCTION
One fundamental aspect of language is the ability to convey time and temporal relationships.
This ability is performed by time deixis or temporal deixis. Therefore, Wati (2014: 61) said
that deixis is used to explain and describe the reference and its function of personal,
pronoun, time, demonstrative, lexical feature, and other that connects each other to the
utterance with the relation of space and time

In our life, language plays an important role as a gateway to culture, enabling us to express
ideas, communicate with others, and make sense of the world around us. Within the intricate
fabric of language, several elements contribute to its richness and effectiveness in
communication. One such element is deixis, which refers to the way language points to
specific elements in the context of communication. Huang (2014) stated that deictic
expressions such as "he”, “she”,"that", “this”, "here," "there," "now," and "then," are observed
to exist in nearly every human language known worldwide. Among the various types of
deixis, temporal deixis plays a crucial role in anchoring language to the timeline of our lives.

In different languages, especially in Vietnamese and English, time deixis performs the same
function that is to provide us with the interpretation of knowing the relevant utterance time.
However, Vietnamese and English belong to distinct language families and exhibit distinct
linguistic characteristics. Vietnamese, a member of the Austroasiatic language family, is
primarily spoken in Vietnam, while English, a West Germanic language, is one of the most
widely spoken languages globally. Therefore, these linguistic backgrounds shape the
temporal systems of the two languages, resulting in intriguing variations in how time is
expressed.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Definition of Deixis

According to Yule (2002), deixis is a technical term (derived from Greek) for one of the most
fundamental things we do with utterances. It means 'pointing' in a language. Any linguistic
form used to accomplish this 'pointing' is referred to as a deictic expression. Indexicals are
another name for deictic expressions.

According to Yule (2002), deixis is defined as one of the most fundamental aspects we
perform with utterances and it is the term (derived from Greek) to signify 'pointing' within a
language. Deictic expressions are linguistic forms employed to perform this 'pointing,' and
they are also known as indexicals.
According to Green (2006), deixis is "the encoding of the spatiotemporal context and
subjective experience of the encoder in an utterance" (p.178). He claimed that "pure deictic
terms" like I, here, now, and this were problematic in terms of reference and meaning
because they are heavily dependent on context. The word 'here' used by a speaker differs
from the word 'here' used by listeners.

Deixis is defined by Bushman (1998) in terms of person, time, and space: "Characteristic
function of linguistic expressions that relate to the personal, spatial, and temporal aspects of
utterances depending on the given utterance situation (p.286)."

Bushman (1998) provides a definition of deixis that encompasses person, time, and space.
Deixis refers to the inherent quality of language expressions that establish connections with
the personal, spatial, and temporal elements of utterances, which are dependent on the
specific situation in which the utterance occurs.

Wati (2014) said that deixis is used to explain and describe the reference and its function of
personal, pronoun, time, demonstrative, lexical feature, and other that connects each other
to the utterance with the relation of space and time

According to Wati (2014), deixis is stated as a tool utilized to clarify as well as characterize
the reference and its roles of demonstrative, personal, pronoun, time, lexical characteristics,
and other functions that link to the utterance with the correlation of space and time.

Types of deixis

Time deixis

Time deixis is also known as temporal deixis, which refers to the “points or intervals on the
time axis, using the moment of utterance as a reference point” (Cruse, 2004, p.334)

Time deixis, alternatively called temporal deixis, pertains to the indication of specific points
or durations along the timeline, utilizing the moment of speaking as a point of reference
(Cruse, 2004)

Three major time divisions of the time axis can be identified: (1) “before the moment of
utterance”, (2) “at the time of utterance”, and (3) “after the time of utterance”).

The time axis can be categorized into three significant divisions: (1) "prior to the moment of
speaking," (2) "at the moment of speaking," and (3) "following the moment of speaking."

There are two central types of time deixis, which are demonstrative “adverbial expression”,
and “tense makers”. Tense makers are used to indicate the points of time whose reference
can only be determined in relation to the time of the utterance in which the tense markers
occur (Grundy, 2008)

According to Grundy (2008), time deixis encompasses two primary types consisting of
demonstrative “tense markers” and "adverbial expressions”. He also stated that tense
markers are employed to signify specific time points, the reference of which can only be
established/understood in correlation to the moment of the utterance in which the tense
markers are present.

Tense markers are employed to signal time points that can only be understood in relation to
the moment of utterance in which the tense markers are present.

Time deixis in Vietnamese


Time deixis in English

Comparative analysis

Similarities between

Adverbs of Time: Both Vietnamese and English employ adverbs to indicate specific points in
time or time intervals. For instance, English uses adverbs such as "now," "then," "soon,"
"today," "yesterday," and "tomorrow." Vietnamese also has similar adverbs like "bây giờ"
(now), "sau đó" (then), "sớm" (soon), "hôm nay" (today), "hôm qua" (yesterday), and "ngày
mai" (tomorrow).

Temporal Prepositions: Both languages utilize prepositions to establish temporal


relationships between events or actions. English employs prepositions like "before," "after,"
"during," "while," and "since." Vietnamese has similar prepositions such as "trước" (before),
"sau" (after), "trong khi" (during/while), and "kể từ khi" (since).

Tense Markers: Both Vietnamese and English employ markers to indicate grammatical
tense. English uses auxiliary verbs (e.g., "did," "do," "will") or verb inflections (e.g., "-ed" for
past tense) to convey tense. Vietnamese also employs tense markers, typically placed after
the verb, such as "đã" (past tense marker), "đang" (present progressive marker), and "sẽ"
(future tense marker).

Days of the Week and Months: Both languages have specific words to denote days of the
week and months. English uses words like "Monday," "Tuesday," "January," "February," etc.
Vietnamese has its own set of terms for days of the week ("thứ hai," "thứ ba," etc.) and
months ("tháng một," "tháng hai," etc.).

Time Expressions: Both Vietnamese and English have phrases or expressions that indicate
time, such as "at 5 o'clock," "in the morning," "in the evening," and "at night." Vietnamese
uses similar expressions like "lúc 5 giờ," "buổi sáng," "buổi tối," and "vào ban đêm."

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