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MME Electrical-by Darley
MME-Chemical
Distillation
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Crude Oil Distillation
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Distillation
Condenser
Reflux drum
Rectification Section Stages Reflux Distillate
Feed
Stripping Section Stages
Boil up
Bottom
Reboiler
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Distillation
A mass Balance around the column
F=D+B
For Mass balance of component x
V
xF F = xD D + xB B
L- Liquid D - Distillate
In Rectification section: Feed F
Overhead V = L + D
V - Boilup
xv V = xL L+xD D
Reflux Ratio R = L/D
B - Bottom
xv = xL (R/R+1)+xD (1/(1+R) L
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Distillation
In Rectification section:
Overhead V = L + D
xv V = xL L+xD D
V
Reflux Ratio R = L/D
L- Liquid D - Distillate
xv = xL (R/R+1)+xD (1/(1+R) Feed F
V - Boilup
In Stripping Section:
L = V+B
xL L = xv V+xB B
B - Bottom
Boil up Ratio = V/B L
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Distillation – Binary Mixtures
Sub cooled Liquid Bubble Point Liquid Partially Vapourised Liquid
V<V V=V V= VF + V
L L L
F F F
L > F +L V L = F +L V L = LF + L V
Dew point Liquid V= F + V Super heated Liquid V>F+V
L L
F F
L=L V L<L V
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Distillation-Binary Mixtures
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Distillation
No of Theoretical plate at total reflux ( No distillate product)
N = log [(xd / (1- xd )) ((1- xb )/ xb ) ] / log α
xd - mole fraction of more volatile component in overhead
xb - mole fraction of more volatile component in bottoms
α - relative volatility of more volatile component
α ═ √αt αb
αt - relative volatility of more volatile component in top of the column
αb - relative volatility of more volatile component in bottom of the column
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Distillation
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Distillation
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Distillation
1. A binary mixture of tetrahydrofuran(THF) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is
to be separated in to relatively pure streams of THF and IPA in a
distillation column operating at atmospheric pressure. The column
material balance is summarized in the table below. For a stripping-
section mortar L/V ratio of 1.40, the Vapor leaving the kettle reboiler
has a flow rate (lb mole/hr) of:
A. 3.15
B. 1.76
C. 0.9
D. 0.52
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Distillation
1. A binary mixture of tetrahydrofuran(THF) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is
to be separated in to relatively pure streams of THF and IPA in a
distillation column operating at atmospheric pressure. The column
material balance is summarized in the table below. For a stripping-
section mortar L/V ratio of 1.40, the Vapor leaving the kettle reboiler
has a flow rate (lb mole/hr) of:
A. 3.15
B. 1.76
C. 0.9
D. 0.52
L=V+B
L/V = 1+ B/V
B/V = 0.4
V = B/0.4 =3.15
Ans: A
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Distillation
2. An ammonia-water system (essentially at its bubble point) is processed
in a trayed stripping column with an external kettle boiler to recover the
majority of the ammonia. A constant molar overflow simulation provides
the following information:
Overhead ammonia mole fraction 0.95
Bottoms ammonia mole fraction 0.01
Feed ammonia mole fraction 0.40
The reboiler boilup ratio (V/B) for these conditions is:
A. 0.71
B. 0.85
C. 1.35
D. 1.71
E. 0.52
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Distillation
2. An ammonia-water system (essentially at its bubble point) is processed
in a trayed stripping column with an external kettle boiler to recover the
majority of the ammonia. A constant molar overflow simulation provides
the following information:
Overhead ammonia mole fraction 0.95
Bottoms ammonia mole fraction 0.01
Feed ammonia mole fraction 0.40
The reboiler boilup ratio (V/B) for these conditions is:
A. 0.71
B. 0.85
C. 1.35
D. 1.71
E. 0.52
Ans: A
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Distillation
xL L = xv V + xB B
At bubble point L = F+ L and V = V
And at L =0
xF F/B = xV V/B + xB
For Ammonia:
0.4F/B = 0.95 V/B + 0.01
For Water
0.6 F/B = 0.05 V/B + 0.99
F/B = (0.05 V/B + 0.99) / 0.6
0.4/0.6(0.05V/B +0.99) = 0.95 V/B + 0.01
0.033 V/B+ 0.66 = 0.95V/B+0.01
V/B = 0.71
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: C
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: D
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A Aromatics have higher octane number than Iso octane. Petrol
contains 3-4% benzene..it has limitation in use because it is carcinogen
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: D
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: C
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Distillation
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Distillation
Ans: A
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