Scribd
Upload
31 views1 page

33CHEMM

Electrochemical sensors measure changes in potential or current from electrochemical reactions at electrodes to detect and quantify substances. Potentiometric sensors measure potential differences from reactions, while amperometric sensors measure currents produced by reactions under a constant potential. These sensors offer sensitive and selective detection in fields like environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial process control.

Uploaded by

sasikiranworks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views1 page

33CHEMM

Electrochemical sensors measure changes in potential or current from electrochemical reactions at electrodes to detect and quantify substances. Potentiometric sensors measure potential differences from reactions, while amperometric sensors measure currents produced by reactions under a constant potential. These sensors offer sensitive and selective detection in fields like environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial process control.

Uploaded by

sasikiranworks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

ELECTRO CHEMICAL SENSORS

Electrochemical sensors play a pivotal role in modern analytical chemistry,


leveraging the principles of potentiometry and amperometry to detect
and quantify various substances. These sensors rely on electrochemical
reactions occurring at electrodes to measure changes in potential or
current, offering sensitive and selective detection methods.

 1. Potentiometric Sensors :
 Potentiometric sensors measure the potential difference generated by
electrochemical reactions occurring at an electrode-solution interface.
They often employ ion-selective electrodes sensitive to specific ions.
For instance:

 - pH Sensors : Utilize glass electrodes sensitive to hydrogen ion


concentration (pH level) in solutions. Changes in pH alter the
potential difference across the glass membrane.

 - Ion-Selective Electrodes : Chloride, fluoride, and other ion-selective


electrodes measure specific ion concentrations in solutions, such as
blood or environmental samples. For instance, fluoride ion-selective
electrodes detect fluoride levels in water, important for dental health
monitoring.

 2. Amperometric Sensors :
 Amperometric sensors measure the current produced by
electrochemical reactions at an electrode when a constant potential is
applied. These sensors detect analytes based on their ability to
generate current during oxidation or reduction reactions. Examples
include:

 - Glucose Sensors : Employ enzyme-modified electrodes that catalyze


glucose oxidation. As glucose reacts, it produces an electrical current
proportional to its concentration, used widely in diabetes
management devices.

 - Gas Sensors : Utilize metal oxide electrodes sensitive to gases like


carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide. When exposed to these gases,
changes in conductivity or current occur, enabling gas detection in
environmental monitoring or industrial safety.

 Both potentiometric and amperometric sensors offer benefits such as


high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Their
applications span diverse fields including environmental monitoring,
biomedical diagnostics, food safety, and industrial process control.

 These electrochemical sensing technologies continue to evolve, with


ongoing research aimed at enhancing their sensitivity, selectivity, and
miniaturization for portable and point-of-care applications.

You might also like