n

Seve
Book
1. Human Organs 3

2. Transportation and Translocation 10

in plants

3. Reproduction in Plants 16

4. Ecosystem 23

5. Flowing of Matter 30

6. Symbols, Formulae and Equations 34

7. Acids, Bases and Salts 40

8. Light 44

9. Electric Charge 57

10. Sound 68

11. Earth and Universe 76

12 Science and Technology 82

SMART SCIENCE 7 3 KEY BOOK

UNIT
1 Human Organs
1. Answer the following questions:
I). Explain digestion in human beings.
Ans. The digestive system consists of buccal cavity,
oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and
large intestine.
Chewing food break into particles and mixes
with saliva, secreted from salivary glands.
After chewing, the food is formed into a bolus
by the action of the tongue and then
swallowed. Peristalsis forces the bolus down
the oesophagus to the stomach. It takes about 5
to 7 seconds for solid food.
ii). Write the internal structure of heart.
Ans. The heart has two sides, separated by a
muscular septum. The right side passes
deoxygenated blood to the lung, the left side
passes oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body. Both sides of the heart have two
chambers. The upper atria collects blood from
veins. The lower ventricles force blood into
arteries.
SMART SCIENCE 7 4 KEY BOOK

iii). What is the composition of blood?

Ans. Blood appears to be a sticky red fluid. In fact,
only about 55% of its volume is made of fluid,
called Plasma. The remaining 45% of its
volume consists of erythrocytes (red cells), a
variety of leucocytes (white blood cells) and
cell fragments, called thrombocyte.
iv). What is skeletal system and what functions
does it perform?
Ans. If there were no bones in your body, we would
like a floppy rack. We would not able to sit,
stand, breath or talk.
All adults have 206 different bones. The
biggest is the thigh bone and the smallest is the
tiny stirrup bone inside each ear.
Functions of Skeleton:
The skeleton performs a number of functions.
1. Support:
All bones within the skeleton provide
anchorage and give shape to the body.
2. Protection:
Cranium protects the brain.
SMART SCIENCE 7 5 KEY BOOK

Vertebral column protects spinal cord.

Rib cage protects the heart and lungs.
3. Movement:
Muscles are attached to all bones. Muscle
contraction causes movement of bones
except in the cranium (skull).
v). Explain the central nervous system of the
human body.
Ans. Spinal cord is a hollow tube passing from the
lower abdomen to the brain. It is protected in
the backbone spinal cord consists of thousand
of nerve cells which are concerned with
conducting messages from skin and muscles
to brain and from brain to muscles of the limbs
and trunk. It controls many involuntary
actions of the body.
2. Answer the following short questions:
I). Define neuron.
Ans. Nerve impulses are transmitted by highly
specialized cells called neurons, have a cell
body which contain the bulk of the cell organs
and has a number of cytoplasmic extensions.
SMART SCIENCE 7 6 KEY BOOK

ii). Differentiate between expiration and

inspiration.
Ans. Inspirations: When the pressure in the lungs is
lower than atmospheric pressure, air moves
into the respiratory system called inspiration.
Expiration : When the pressure in the lungs is
high than atmospheric pressure air moves out
of the respiratory system is called expiration.
iii). What do you know about systole and
diastole?
Ans. The heart beat is myogenic, meaning that the
contraction originates in the heart itself.
Contraction of the heart muscles is known as
systole and relaxation as diastole.
iv). What is the function of villus in small
intestine?
Ans. The small intestine is lined by a single layer of
cells (a simple epithelium). Resulting from
digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates
have been hydro-lyesed to disaccharides and
proteins hydro-lysed to dipeptide and
tripeptide. Most absorption occurs in the small
SMART SCIENCE 7 7 KEY BOOK

intestine which is 6 meters long in adult

human, numerous fold in the wall of the small
intestine increase its surface area. The folds
themselves have tiny finger like projection
called villus.
v). Write functions of medulla oblongata.
Ans. Medulla oblongata forms the base of the brain
where it connects with spinal cord. Medulla
oblongata contains reflex centres for the
control of heart beat, blood pressure,
swallowing, peristalsis, breathing, coughing
and sneezing.
3. Fill in the blanks:
I). Mid-Brain controls the visual and auditory
reflexes.
ii). Tendons hold muscles to individual bones.
iii). In human body lungs kidneys and skin are
excretory organs.
iv). Blood flows away from the heart in arteries.
v). Digestion involves the break down of large,
insoluble food molecules into smaller and
soluble compound which can be absorbed.
SMART SCIENCE 7 8 KEY BOOK

D. Tick R for true and Q for false statements:

I). Chewing food breaks it into particles and
mixes it with saliva in buccal cavity. O
ii). Blood from the capillaries return to heart via
arteries. O
iii). The heart beat is myogenic meaning that the
contraction of the heart originates in the heart
itself. P
iv). Cerebellum forms the base of the brain where
it connects with spinal cord. O
v). Erythrocytes are manufactured in the bone
marrow of all the bones of young mammals
and flat bones of adults. O
4. Match the columns:
Column A Column B
Oesophagus skeletal system
Arteries nervous system
Trachea blood circulatory system
Urethra respiration system
Neurons excretory system
Joints digestive system
SMART SCIENCE 7 9 KEY BOOK

5. Lable the digestive system of human being:

Esophagus

Liver Stomach

Gall-
bladder Large
Intestine

Rectum
Small
Anus Intestine
SMART SCIENCE 7 10 KEY BOOK

UNIT
Transportation and
2 Translocation in plants
1. Fill in the blanks:
I). The casparian strip is a barrier to the solutes of
vascular cylinder deposits.
ii). Cohesion tension theory was presented by the
botanist Henry Dixon .
iii). First, air’s drying power causes transpiration .
iv). Hydrogen bonds are strong enough to hold
water molecules together inside the xylem.
v). At least 90 percent of the water transported
from roots to a leaf evaporates right out.
2. Encircle the correct answer in the following:
I). In phloem, organic compounds flow through
................................
(a) sieve tube (b) vessels
(c) P tracheids
ii). Water evaporation from plant parts is
called................................
(a) translocation (b)P transpiration
( c) tension
SMART SCIENCE 7 11 KEY BOOK

iii). Water transport from roots to leaves occurs by

................... .
(a) pressure flow
(b)P cohesion-tension theory
(c) the pumping force of Xylem vessels.
iv). In day time, most plants lose ................ and
take up ............... .
(a) water; carbon dioxide
(b)P oxygen; water
(c) carbon dioxide; water
v). A .................... is a waxy, water proof covers
on all plant surfaces exposed to the
surroundings.
(a)P epidermis (b) cuticle
(c) xylem vessels
3. Answer the following short questions:
I). Differentiate between source and sink.
Ans. Source is any region of plant where organic
compounds are being loaded into sieve tubes
while sink in any plant region where products
are used and stored.
SMART SCIENCE 7 12 KEY BOOK

ii). Define transpiration.

Ans. Mostly, water is lost, mainly through the many
stomata in leaves, stems and other plant parts
is a process called transpiration.
iii). What do you know about translocation?
Ans. Translocation is the formal name for the
process that transports sucrose and other
organic compounds through phloem. High
pressure drives the process. Often, the
pressure inside phloem’s conducting tubes is
five times higher than the air pressure inside an
automobile tire.
iv). How do plants conserve water?
Ans. They used water in photosynthesis to produce
their food.
v). What is pressure flow theory?
Ans. According to the pressure flow theory, internal
pressure builds up the source and of the sieve
tube system and pushes the solute rich solution
on towards any sink where solutes are being
removed.
SMART SCIENCE 7 13 KEY BOOK

C. Answer the following long questions:

I). How do roots control water uptake?
Ans. Water molecules in soil are only weakly bound
to clay particles, so, they readily move across
root epidermis and continue on to a column of
vascular tissue. This is the roots vascular
cylinder. A cylindrical sheet of single cells is
all that intervenes cylinder’s xylem and
phloem. The pipe line to the rest of the plant.
ii). Explain cohesion-tenison theory.
Ans. Sometime ago, the botanist Henry Dixon came
up with an explanation of how water is
transported in plants. By his cohesion-tension
theory, water inside xylem is pulled upward by
airs’s drying power which creates a continue
negative pressure called tension. The tension
extends all the way from leaves to the roots.
This is called cohesion-tenstion theory.
iii). What is transpiration? How does
transpiration helps in uptake of water?
Ans. Plants secure only a fraction of the water they
SMART SCIENCE 7 14 KEY BOOK

absorb for growth and metabolism. Mostly,

water is lost, mainly through the many stomata
in leaves, stems and other plant parts is a
process called transpiration. Far from being a
waste, the process is vital for cell functioning.
iv). Explain the distribution of organic
compounds in plants.
Ans. Xylem distributes water and minerals through
plants the vascular tissues called phloem
distribute organic products of
photosynthesis. Like xylem, phloem have
many conduction tubes, fibers and strands of
parenchyma cells. Unlike xylem, it has sieve
tubes through which organic compounds
rapidly flow. Living cells form these long
tubes. The cells are positioned side by side and
to end. Their abutting and walls, known as
sieve, are porous. Companion cells are pressed
against the tubes. These cells help load organic
compounds into neighboring sieve tubes.
SMART SCIENCE 7 15 KEY BOOK

4. Lable the following diagram:

vascular cambium

endodermis

cortex

primary xylem

epidermis
root hair
SMART SCIENCE 7 16 KEY BOOK

UNIT
3 Reproduction in Plants
1. Answer the following questions:
I). Explain modes of asexual reproduction in
plants.
Ans. Asexual reproduction occurs when the genetic
material and cytoplasm of a single parent
divides to form new individuals.
Asexual reproduction is usually confined to
group of organism with relatively
unspecialized tissue. It may occur by fission,
sporulation, budding or fragmentation.
ii). Write different parts of the reproductive
parts of a plant.
Ans. The male reproductive part of plants is stamen
and female part is carpels.
iii). What is pollination? Write its different
types.
Ans. Pollination occurs when a rips pollen grain
lands on the stigma of a plants of the same
species there are two types of pollination.
a. Self Pollination:
It occurs when pollen is transferred from
SMART SCIENCE 7 17 KEY BOOK

another to stigma of the same plant.

b. Cross Pollination:
It occurs when pollen is transferred from the
anther of one plant to the stigma of another
plant. During cross pollination, pollen may be
carried from one flower to another by wind or
by other animals, notably by insects.
iv). Write a detail note on structure of a seed.
Ans. Seeds are of many colours, sizes and shapes.
But they are not much difference in their
internal structure.
1. Testa:
Testa is the hard outer covering which protects
the internal structure.
2. Tegmen:
Tegmen is a membranous structure presents
within testa to protect embryo.
3. Endosperm:
Endosperm is a mass of food tissue, formed by
absorbing nutrients from the parent plants . It
is used in germination of seed.
4. Embryo:
It is formed from diploid zygote. It is a tiny
SMART SCIENCE 7 18 KEY BOOK

plants whose parts grow to form a new plants.

v). What is the difference between cross and
self pollination?
Ans. Self Pollination:
Transfer of pollens from anthers to stigma of
same flowers of same plants.
No requirement of external agent.
It can occur even the flower is close.
It preserve parental characters.
Anthers and stigma mature at same time.
New varieties are impossible.
Cross Pollination
Transpose of pollens from anther of one flower
to stigma of another flower or different plants
of same species.
External agent is required.
It can occur when the flower is open.
It does not preserve parental characters.
Anthers and stigma mature at different time.
New varieties are possible.
vi). Fruits are adapted to ensure dispersal of
SMART SCIENCE 7 19 KEY BOOK

seed they contain. How?

Ans.
Mechanism Description of fruit Example
Wind Very light in weight;
surface extension catch
the wind. Sycamore Dandelion

Explosion Tw o c o m p a r t m e n t s
which violently split
open as they dry out. Grose

Paper Pot Holes through which

seeds are released when
fruits are shaken by the Poppy

wind.

Animal Adhesive hairs, spines or

hooks which adhere to
feather and abus fruits. Cleavers (a bur fruits)

Dispersal Eaten but seed is

deposited without Apple Orange

damage in animal’s
feces.
Blackberry
SMART SCIENCE 7 20 KEY BOOK

2. Answer the following short questions:

I). Define reproduction.
Ans. Reproduction is a process of continuity of the
life of an organism on earth. The formation of
an offspring similar to the parents is called
reproduction .
ii). How do animals help in dispersal of seeds?
Ans. Adhesive hairs, spines or hooks which adhere
to feather and these help in dispersal of seeds.
iii). How do vegetative reproduction occur in
strawberry?
Ans. Adventitious roots develop where runner
touches ground and a new plant develops from
these points.
iv). What is tissue culture propagation?
Ans. Tissue culture propagation is used to produce
hundreds or thousands of identical plants from
a single mutant. These techniques are being
employed to improve food crops, including
corn, wheat, soya beans and rice.
v). How do corolla help in pollination?
Ans. Corolla: It lies within the calyx and consists of
SMART SCIENCE 7 21 KEY BOOK

a number of petals. These are large and

coloured to attract insects for pollination.
3. Fill in the blanks:
I). Calyx is consist of sepals.
ii). Pollination occurs when a ripe pollen grain
land on the stigma of a plant of the same
species.
iii). Yeast cells reproduce by budding.
iv). A fruit protects the seed within.
v). Cotyledons are seed leaves.
D. Choose the correct answer:
I). It is a process of continuity of life:
(a) respiration (b) photosynthesis
(c)P reproduction
ii). Sexual reproduction is the .................
reproductive mode of flowering plant life
cycle.
(a)P primary (b) secondary
(c) tertiary
iii). These are large and coloured to attract the
insects for pollination:
(a)P corolla (b) calyx
(c) androecium
SMART SCIENCE 7 22 KEY BOOK

iv). It is the hard outer covering which protects the

internal structure of seed:
(a) tegmen (b)P testa
(c) endosperm
v). It is the first cell of the new plant:
(a) female gamete (b) male gamete
(c)P zygote
4. Lable the digestive system of human being:

Stigma
Carpel
Stamen Anther Style
Filament Ovary

Corolla (Petal)
Calyx (Sepal)

Ovule
SMART SCIENCE 7 23 KEY BOOK

UNIT
4 Ecosystem
1. Answer the following questions:
I). How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
Show with energy flow chart.
Ans. One of the basic characteristic of ecosystem is
the flow of energy. The source of energy is
sunlight reaching on earth. Light energy is
found by the autotrophic components (plants)
of ecosystems and made available to the
heterotrophic component (animals) of
ecosystem.
Respiration Higher level
Consumers Heat
lost
Respiration

Heat Respiration Primary Decomposers

lost Consumers

Respiration Primary
Producers

Pool of
Sun Light inorganic
ions

Summary of energy flow (red arrows) and nutrient cycling (blue arrows)
in an ecosystem.
SMART SCIENCE 7 24 KEY BOOK

ii). Write detail note on food chain and food

webs.
Ans. The trophic levels within an ecosystem are
linked together. A primary producer may be
eaten by a primary consumers, which in turn
may be eaten by a secondary consumers and so
on. This feeding sequence is called a food
chain. The food web is complex form of food
chain. The inter relationship of food chain is
called food web.
iii). Explain trophic levels.
Ans. Energy and nutrients pass through ecosystem
from autotroph (Primary Producers) to
heterotrophs. Some heterotrophs are animals
which feed exclusively only plants. They are
called primary consumers.
Other heterotrophs are carnivore which eat
animals and plants as secondary consumers or
first carnivores, eat herbivores, a small number
of animal as tertiary consumers (higher
carnivores) eat other carnivores. Each of these
feeding roles, primary producers, primary
consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary
SMART SCIENCE 7 25 KEY BOOK

consumers, is called trophic level.

iv). What are trophic structure and how are
they measured?
Ans. Here is the diagram of trophic structure and
Trophic level
Primary Primary Secondary Tertiary
Producer Consumers Consumers Consumers
grass snail thrush hawk.
maize chicken man.
eucalyptus koala

they are measured from left to right.

v). What is human impact on environment?
Ans. Man lives in nature and depends on the
resources of nature. Food, shelter and clothing
are the primary requirements of a man. In order
to obtain these, man has exploited natural
resources to maximum that has resulted in
undesirable changes in the natural habitats
consequently some natural stokes of plants
(forests) and animals (wild life) have
disappeared. About 1000 animal species and
all over 20,000 plant species have either
become extinct or declared endangered.
Deforestation has caused soil erosion.
Similarly mineral resources are facing
SMART SCIENCE 7 26 KEY BOOK

exhaustion due to higher consumption. Also

over population, urbanization, industrialization
and mechanized agriculture has resulted in rapid
increase in air, water and soil pollution.
All above mentioned human activities have
lessened earth’s ability to support a diversity
of life including human them selves.
2. Answer the following short questions:
I). What is an ecosystem?
Ans. A community in certain a together with the
non-living factors with which it interacts is
called an ecosystem.
ii). Write the components of an environment.
Ans. The components of an environment are all
living and non-living creatures.
iii). What is difference between population and
community?
Ans. A group of living organisms of same species
that occur together at one place and at
one time is called population. A population is
reproductively isolated from other such
groups.
Populations of different species that live
SMART SCIENCE 7 27 KEY BOOK

together in the same habitat is called

community.
iv). What is a habitat?
Ans. The type of the environment in which an
organism lives is called its habitat. For
example, habitat of birds are their nests,
habitat of a fish is fresh water, river and
stream.
v). What are tertiary consumers?
Ans. A small number of animals which eat other
carnivores are called tertiary consumers. .
vi). Define food chain.
Ans. The trophic levels within an ecosystem are
linked together. A primary producer may be
eaten by a primary consumers, which in turn
may be eaten by a secondary consumers and so
on. This feeding sequence is called a food
chain.
vii). Which trophic level(s) do your occupy?
Ans. The group of animals, including earth worms
which feed on the partly broken down remains
of both animals and plants. These animals
called detritivores, are simultaneously
SMART SCIENCE 7 28 KEY BOOK

primary and secondary consumers.

viii). What other name could you give to a primary
consumers?
Ans. Other name for primary consumers is
heterotrophs.
ix). If eucalyptus plants were harmed by
parasites or fire. What would happen to the
Koala?
Ans. The Koala only eats eucalyptus leaves. So, he
will have no food to eat.
x). What are decomposers?
Ans. The organisms like bacteria and fungi,
normally digest the dead remains and waste
products of every type of organisms. These are
called decomposes.
3. Fill in the blanks:
I). Everything around us is including in
environment .
ii). The study of the interaction between
organisms and their environment is called
ecology .
iii). An ecosystem is vary in size.
SMART SCIENCE 7 29 KEY BOOK

iv). One of the basic characteristic of ecosystem

is flow of energy.
v). How an organism lives as well as where it
lives, is called niche .
4. Tick R for true and Q for false statements:
I). An ecosystem cannot regulate flow of
energy. O
ii). A community in certain area together with the
non-living factors with which it
interacts is called population. O
iii). The network of food chains is called
food web. P
iv). Koala only eats eucalyptus leaves. P
v). A particular type of ecosystem has definite and
characteristic trophic structure. P
SMART SCIENCE 7 30 KEY BOOK

UNIT
5 Flowing of Matter
1. Fill in the blanks:
i). The temperatures on earth range from -500oC
to +500oC.
ii). The pressure of the atmosphere is equal to that
of 760mm of mercury at sea level.
iii). Molecules are continuously in motion.
iv). Molecules move very fast in a gas.
v). In a solid, the mutual attraction between
molecules is so great that the molecule cannot
slip away.
2. Answer the following questions:
i). Solids and liquids have surface, but gases
do not, why?
Ans. We know that air and water flow from one
place to another, whereas solid do not,
similarly, you see that a solid has a surface
which we can feel by seeing and touching. A
liquid also has a surface. That is why, we can
see and touch the upper surface of water
contained in a glass tumbler. Because their
molecules are continues in fast motion and are
SMART SCIENCE 7 31 KEY BOOK

very far from each other so they have no

surface.
ii). A solid has a definite shape, but the shape of
a liquid changes according to the vessel it is
kept in. Why?
Ans. Solids have shapes because their molecules
are very close to each other while liquid
molecules are far from each other and are in
continues motion shape.
iii). Gases have no shapes. Can you give reason
for this?
Ans. Molecules move about very fast in a gas, due
to this, they overcome the molecular forces of
attraction and fly away in all directions. That is
why, a gas goes on expanding until it fills all
the available space. Therefore, a gas does not
has a surface. We know that anything that does
not has a surface cannot has a shape.
Therefore, gases do not have shapes.
iv). Leaving aside the examples given in this
lesson, give example of two substances
which are porous.
Ans. Coal and cork are two substances which have
SMART SCIENCE 7 32 KEY BOOK

pores in them.
v). What factors will determine whether a
substance will be in a solid, liquid or
gaseous state?
Ans. The inter molecular force determines the state
of matter.
vi). Gases can be easily compressed. What are
their uses?
Ans. Gases can be compressed and so in a little
space we can store huge quantity of gas for
example, CNG.
3. Choose the correct answer:
I). Coaltar has a:
(a)P semi-solid property
(b) solid property
(c) liquid property
ii). Sponge is a good example of:
(a) hand material
(b)P porous material
(c) soft material
iii). Ordinary soil is:
(a)P porous (b) hand
(c) odorous (d ) sandy
SMART SCIENCE 7 33 KEY BOOK

iv. Which stone has no pores:

(a)P granite (b) rubber
(c) mud ( d ) sand
v. Our skin has:
(a)P pores (b) semi solid
(c) airy (d) crystal
SMART SCIENCE 7 34 KEY BOOK

6 Symbols, Formulae and

UNIT

Equations
1. Answer the following short questions:
i). Identify elements compounds and mixtures
from the following:
Water, Air, Soil, Sulphur
Ans. Sulphur is element, water is compound while
air and soil are mixtures.
ii). What is the main test for an element?
Ans. The main test for an element is to decompose
it.
iii). Classify the following into elements and
compounds:
Calcium, calcium oxide, aluminium, sugar,
iron, zinc sulphate.
Ans. Elements: calcium, aluminium, iron.
Compounds: calcium oxide, sugar, zinc
sulphate.
iv). Give two examples of each of the following
mixture types.
(a) Solid in liquid, e.g sea water and sugar
solution.
(b) Liquid in liquid lemon juice and water,
water and alcohol.
SMART SCIENCE 7 35 KEY BOOK

(c) Gas in liquid Soda water, oxygen

and carbon dioxide in water.
Ans. Solid in liquid: Sea water and sugar solution.
Liquid in Liquid: Lemon juice and water,
water and alcohol.
Gas in Liquid: Soda water, oxygen and
carbon dioxide in water.
v). Explain formulae with examples.
Ans. The group of atomic symbols representing the
molecules formula. For example formula of
hydrogen is H2 and chlorine is Cl2.
vi). Write two differences between compounds
and mixtures.
Ans. Two or more elements combine together to
form elements or compounds or both. A
mixture contains several separated while
compound cannot easily be separated.
vii). 'He' is the symbol of helium. What does it
represent?
Ans. It represents that it is only one molecule of
helium.
viii). Write down the symbols of the following
elements:
Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus,
SMART SCIENCE 7 36 KEY BOOK

Nitrogen, Sulphur
Ans. Potassium K Phosphorus P
Calcium Ca Nitrogen N
Sulphur S
ix). Write down the molecular formulae of the
following compounds.
Carbon dioxide, Sulphuric Acid, Sugar,
Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphorus,
Pentoxide, Aluminium Chloride,
Sodium Hydroxide.
Ans. Carbon dioxide CO2
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
Sugar C12H22O11
Ammonia NH3
Nitric Acid HNO3
Phosphorus Pentoxide P2O5
Aluminium Chloride AlCl3
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
2. Answer the following long questions:
i). The properties and constitution of a
compound are fixed.
Ans. These are fixed because their structures do not
change. They react in same proportion.
SMART SCIENCE 7 37 KEY BOOK

ii). What do you understand by a balanced

chemical equation?
Ans. The balanced chemical equation tells us the
roof molecules and atoms of reactants and
products.
iii). What information do we get from a
chemical equation?
Ans. A chemical equation provides us information
about products and reactants and no of
molecules and atoms.
iv). What is done to make a chemical equation
more informative?
Ans. We include conditions in an equation be make
it mole informative.
v). What do you understand by reaction and
products?
Ans. Reactants are elements or compounds taking
part in a reaction while products are output of
reaction.
vi). According to mass, which element is the
most abundant on the earth's crust?
Ans. According to mass, oxygen is the most
abundant element present on earth’s crust.
SMART SCIENCE 7 38 KEY BOOK

vii). What is its approximate percentage?

Ans. It approximate percentage is 47%.
3. Fill in the blanks:
i). An element is made of only one kind of atoms
and molecules.
ii). A compound is formed by the combination of
at least two elements.
iii). The Properties of a compound are different
from the properties of its constituent elements.
iv). All the compounds are collections of their
constituents.
v). Chemical formula of Sodium Hydroxide is
NaOH.
4. Choose the correct answer:
i). On heating mercuric oxide (HgO) gives:
(a) hydrogen, oxygen
(b) helium, oxygen
(c)P mercury, oxygen
ii). Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is formed by the reaction of
Zinc and:
(a)P oxygen (b) hydrogen
(c) carbon
iii). The molecular formulae of potassium
SMART SCIENCE 7 39 KEY BOOK

dichromate:
(a) KCr2O4 (b)P K2Cr2O7
(c) K2Cr2O4
iv). Sodium sulphate is.
(a) NaSO4 (b)P Na2SO4
(c) Na2SO2
v). Which is balance equation?
(a) P H2 + O2 2H2O
(b) 2H2 + O2 2H2O
(c) 2H2 + 2O2 2H2O
SMART SCIENCE 7 40 KEY BOOK

UNIT
7 Acids, Bases and Salts
1. Answer the following questions:
I). Give the popular and chemical names of at
least three salts used in your daily life.
Ans. Sodium chloride NaCl
Potassium nitrate KNO3
Sodium Sulphate Na2SO4
ii). Which acid and which alkali will react with
each other to give nitre?
Ans. HNO3+KOH KNO3+H2O
iii). Express the action of nitric acid on caustic
soda by a chemical equation and give the
names of the products.
Ans. HNO3
iv). How would you prepare:
(a) Crystals of copper sulphate from
metallic copper?
(b) Ferrous sulphate from iron oxide?
(c ) Milk of magnesia from magnesium
oxide?
Ans. (a). CuO+H2SO4 CuSO4+H2O
(b) Fe2O3+ SO4 FeSO4
SMART SCIENCE 7 41 KEY BOOK

(c) Mgo+H2O Mg(OH)2

v). Choose acids and alkalies from the
following:
H2SO4, Ca (OH)2, Mg(OH) 2, HCl, HNO3, KOH.
Ans. Acids: H2SO4, HCl, HNO3
Alkalies: KOH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2
2. Fill in the blanks:
I). Acetic acid is present in vinegar while citric is
present in lemon.
ii). Magnesium burns in the air to form
magnesium oxide which is metallic oxide.
iii). Its aqueous solution turns blue litmus to red in
colour.
iv). The chemical formula of slaked lime is
ca(OH)2.
v). In a neutralisation reaction an acid and an
alkali combine to form a salt and water.
vi). The solution form by reacting P2O2 with H2O
turns red litmus blue.
vii). For the preparation of soap oil and alkali are
reacted together.
3. Write 'T' against the true statement and 'F'
SMART SCIENCE 7 42 KEY BOOK

against a false one out of the following

statements.
I). Orange juice turns blue litmus red.
ii). Copper does not react with tamarind T ('imli')
water.
iii). Alum ('phitkari')
F acts as an antacid.
iv). Soaps are salts of fatty acids. F
4. Match the substances on the T left side with
the appropriate statements on the right side:
(a) vinegar (i) is an antacid.
(b) sodium chloride (ii) used as a fertilizer.
(c) milk of magnesia (iii) sour to taste.
(d) Potassium nitrate (iv) major salt of the sea.
5. Write a equation for the action of water on
the following and mention whether the
products are acids or alkalies:
(a) Magnesium oxide
MgO+H2O Mg(OH)2 Alkali
(b) Sulphur dioxide
SO2+H2O H2SO3 Acid
(c) Potassium oxide
K2O+H2O KOH Alkali
SMART SCIENCE 7 43 KEY BOOK

(d) Carbon dioxide

CO2+H2O H2CO3 Acid
6. Complete the following equation:
I). NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO 4 + H2O
ii). H2CO3 + NaOH NaHCO3 + H2O
iii). HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O
iv). Mg (OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O
SMART SCIENCE 7 44 KEY BOOK

UNIT
8 Light
1. Fill in the blanks:
i). An object that gives out light is called source
of light.
ii). The sun is 150 million kilometers away from
us.
iii). The Sun is the biggest source of light.
iv). Solar Eclipse occurs only on new moon-days.
v). Lunar Eclipse occurs only on full moon-days.
2. Choose the correct answer:
i). The unit of brightness of light is:
(a) Joule (b)P C a n d l e
power
(c) Newton (d) Calory
ii). 700 lumen is equal to:
(a)P 1 watt
(b) 1 Joule
(c) 1 watt per meter
(d) 1 watt per square meter
iii). Polythene and water are the examples of:
(a)P Opaque (b) Radio activity
SMART SCIENCE 7 45 KEY BOOK

(c) Transparent (d) Translucent

iv). The value of angle of reflection is always equal
to:
(a) Angle of refraction
(b) Normal angle
(c) Point of incidence
(d)P Angle of incidence
v). Image of an object in front of a plane mirror is
of the same size as of:
(a) lens (b) Image
(c) Plane mirror (d)P Object
3. Answer the following short questions:
i). Write the following definitions relating to
spherical mirrors:
(a) Pole
(b) Center of curvature
(c) Radius of curvature
(d) Focus
(e) Focal length
(f) Principal axis
Ans. Pole: The middle point of the spherical mirrors
is called pole.
SMART SCIENCE 7 46 KEY BOOK

Center of curvature: The center of sphere

whose segment is spherical portion is called
center of curvature.
Radius of curvature: The radius of sphere is
called radius of curvature of spherical portion.
Focus: The point where are reflected rays
convert is called focus.
Focal length: The distance between pole of
the mirror and focus is called focal length.
Principal axis: The line completing the pole
and spherical portion and center of curvature
is called principal axis.
ii). Write the four names of natural sources of
the light.
Ans. Sun, Moon, Stars, firefly, etc.
iii). Write down the names of five man-made
sources of the light.
Ans. Bulb, candle, tube light, search light, oil lamps
etc..
iv). What is lumen?
Ans. Internationally accepted unit of brightness of
source of light is lumen. One lumen is equal to
12.56-candles power and 700 lumens are
SMART SCIENCE 7 47 KEY BOOK

equal to 1 watt.
v). What do we understand by umbra and
penumbra?
Ans. When moon is completely hidden behind earth
shadow it is called umbra while the stage of
entering or exiting from lunar eclipse is called
penumbra.
vi). Why only a glass is used to make a mirror?
Why is silvering necessary?
Ans. Shiny surface stops the absorption of light.
Smoothness of the surface helps in the
formation of a clear image. This is why,
silvered glass is used in mirrors.
vii). How is silver polish of the mirror protected?
Ans. The glass offers a smooth surface, the silvering
makes it shiny and the red paint reduces
transmission of light and protects the
silvering.
viii). Write the laws of reflection of the light?
Ans. i). Value of angle of refection is always equal
to angle of incidence.
ii). The incident ray, the reflected ray and
SMART SCIENCE 7 48 KEY BOOK

normal all are in same plane.

ix). Write the names of the sources of the light,
which are not hot.
Ans. Firefly, moon and twinkle of stars are not
source of light.
x). Which of the following are luminous objects
like camera, firefly, mirror, bumper of car,
filament of bulb, diamond, etc.
Ans. Luminous objects are firefly, filament of bulb.
xi). Distinguish the difference between the real
and virtual images.
Ans. The distance of the image from the mirror is
equal to the distance of the object from the
mirror. Lastly, the image of an object formed
by a plane mirror is virtual. It means that
image formed in the plane mirror cannot be
obtained on a screen placed anywhere behind
the mirror. The image that can be obtained on a
screen is called real image.
xii). Show by' a figure where the image of an
SMART SCIENCE 7 49 KEY BOOK

object is formed when the object positioned

at the center of curvature.
Ans.
B P
A
C A’ O
F

B’ Q

xiii). How is the image of an object formed when the

object is placed in front of a convex mirror'?
Ans. The image will be formed at the back side of
the mirror at end imaginary distance.
xiv). Write the uses of concave mirror and convex
mirror.
Ans. Convex and concave mirrors are used in
shaving mirrors, in head lights in microscope
in telescope, in spectacles and in back view
mirror.
4. Answer the following long questions:
i). Describe an experiment to explain that light
travels in a straight line.
Ans. Take three pieces of cardboard of the same
SMART SCIENCE 7 50 KEY BOOK

size, keep them together and make (fully

alligned) a hole in each by driving a nail
through all of them. Mount each cardboard
upright on the table by using moulding clay, or
plasticine or even kneaded flour as shown in
fig. Take a candle of height equal to the hole in
the cardboard. Mount the candle on the table
and light it.
Adjust the three cardboards so that we see the
flame through the hole of the third cardboard.
Now check if all the three holes are in straight
line or not: We can use a needle and a thread to
check this. These two activities show us that
the light travels 'in a straight line.
ii). Write names of two transparent, two
translucent, and two opaque objects.
Ans. Some materials allow light to pass through it
and some do not. We can see a doll kept in a
polythene bag, and a coin kept at the bottom of
a bucket filled with water. Can we see if this
doll is kept inside a bag of brown paper, or if
the coin is lying inside a box? Polythene and
water both allow light to pass through them.
SMART SCIENCE 7 51 KEY BOOK

Therefore, substances like polythene and

water are called transparent brown.
Brown paper and does not allow light to pass
through it, therefore substances are called
opaque.

Ground glass or tracing paper are such

substances through which light can pass
partially, It looks hazy when seen through
them. Such substances are called translucent.
An oily paper is also called translucent.
iii). Why shadow of an object is casted? Why
shadow of a transparent substance is not
formed?
Ans. Shadow is formed when light cannot pass
through a body. So, we have shadow and when
SMART SCIENCE 7 52 KEY BOOK

it passes through a body it does not form a

shadow so transparent substance have no
shadow.
iv). Describe the interesting facts about the
shadow of an object formed by the sun.
Ans. When we walk in the sun our shadows move
with us. At the time of sunrise, shadow casts by
body is very long. As the sun rises from higher
and higher horizon our shadows decrease in
image and become shortest at noon. After the
noon, shadow of our body goes on length and
just before sunset it is very long; why does it
happen? Do the shadows always form one
direction only.
v). The length of a shadow 'of one meter rod in
the sunlight is 70cm. At the same time the
length of shadow of a tree is 5.6 meters.
Calculate the height of the tree.
Ans. By measuring the length of a shadow of a tree
or of a building formed in the sunlight, we can
calculate their height. Following activity
shows how this is done.
Our object is to measure the height of a tree
SMART SCIENCE 7 53 KEY BOOK

without climbing it. To do this, oil a sunny day,

fix erect one meter long stick on the ground
near the tree. In figure 4 AB is the meter stick
and TR is the height, which is to be
measured. The shadow of AB is shown by
BC and the shadow of the tree is shadow by
RS. The sun is so far away from; the tree and the
meter stick that the lines TS and AC can be
considered parallel. This makes the ratio
BC/AB equal to the ratio RS/ TR.
i.e. BC/AB = RS/TR
Now with the help of a tape measure the length
BC. We already know that
AB = 1meter we can calculate the height of the
tree TR after measuring the length RS also by a
tape.
BC/1 meter = RS/TR
TR= RS/BCx1 meter
Thus, we have measured the height of the tree
without climbing it by using the ratio
method.
vi). Explain regular and irregular reflection.
Ans. In figure, the reflection of light from a mirror
of uneven surface has been compared with the
reflection of light from a mirror of smooth
surface.
SMART SCIENCE 7 54 KEY BOOK

(a) (b)

Smooth surface, Regular reflection Uneven surface, Irregular reflection

The reflected rays from an uneven

surface are scattered in all directions. This is
why, a clear image of the objects in not
obtained from the mirror that has lost
smoothness of its surface. Whereas due to the
regular reflections from the mirror of smooth
surface clear image is obtained. It is because,
reflected rays from a mirror of this type move
in a definite direction instead of scattering in
all directions.
vii). How many reflected rays can be there for
one incident ray of light is falling on a plane
mirror?
Ans. For one incident ray of light only one reflected
ray will be formed.
viii). What is meant by light from the earth?
Ans. The reflection of sun’s light from earth is
called light from earth.
SMART SCIENCE 7 55 KEY BOOK

ix). Show by figure the occurrence of Solar

Eclipse.
Ans. On a new-moon day the sun, the moon and the

Earth
Penumbra
Sun
Umbra

Penumbra

Moon’s orbit

earth are in a straight line, and shadow of the

moon can fall on the earth and if we are in this
shadow, then we shall not see that part of the
sun which is covered by the moon. This event
is called Solar Eclipse.
x). How does a periscope work? Explain in
detail.
Ans. Periscope helps us to see on the other side of
the wall. A simple periscope consists of along
tube which bends at right on both ends.
i). Use periscopes are used in submarine people
in submarine can watch the objects above the
SMART SCIENCE 7 56 KEY BOOK

water.
ii). Battle tanks are also fitted with periscopes
surface. The crew inside the tank can see every
thing out side of the tank.
SMART SCIENCE 7 57 KEY BOOK

UNIT
9 Electric Charge
1. Fill in the blanks:
i). Ebonite rod gets charged with negative charge
when it is rubbed with woolen cloth.
ii). Repulsion occurs when charged glass rod is
brought to another charged glass rod.
iii). When the charged rod is brought to the disc of
an electroscope its leaf is open out.
iv). Negative charge is produced on ebonite rod.
v). Positive charge is produced on a glass rod
when it is rubbed with silk.
vi). Repulsion is observed when two ebonite rods
are rubbed with silk and are brought close to
each other.
2. Answer the following questions:
I). Why is the paper cylinder initially attracted
by a charged ebonite rod and later on
repelled after being touched with the
ebonite rod.
Ans. Take a sheet of paper and roll it into a hollow
SMART SCIENCE 7 58 KEY BOOK

cylinder. Tie up one end of the cylinder with a

silk thread and hang it from a stand. Now take
an ebonite rod and charge it by rubbing with
wool/flannel. This ebonite rod will be
negatively charged. Now bring this charged
ebonite rod near the paper cylinder. The
cylinder will be attracted towards the rod. Now
touch the cylinder with the charged rod. On
doing so we observe that the cylinder is repelled
by the rod. It would mean that rod has
transferred some of it's negative charge to the
paper which causes the
repulsion between the two.
Thus, we can charge one
object by bringing it in
contact with a charged
body. Charge produced
by contact can be found After being charged due
by the following activity. to contact the paper cylinder
repels the ebonitic rod
ii). What is an insulator?
Give examples.
Ans. Materials have different ability t o transfer or
SMART SCIENCE 7 59 KEY BOOK

conduct charges. Though, plastic can be

charged but it cannot conduct the charges
between two electroscopes. Ability of a
material to conduct electricity depends on the
nature of the material. Metals are excellent
conductor. Non-metals like wood, rubber,
ebonite, plastic, glass, etc. are poor
conductors. These are called insulators.

Flow of charges form one electroscope

iii). What is static electricity?

Ans. Our body is a conductor of electricity. We can
easily test this by charging an electroscope
first and then touching disc of the
electroscope. On doing so, the charge of the
electroscope will transfer to earth through our
body and the leaf of the electroscope will fold
up. Stored up charged at a point is called static
electric charge.
SMART SCIENCE 7 60 KEY BOOK

iv). What is flow of electricity?

Ans. Take two electroscopes and keep them side by
side. Charge one electroscope by touching it
with charged ebonite rod. Its leaf will spread
out.
Take a wire of copper or aluminum and pass it
through a hole in a cork or thermocol strip.
Now by holding the cork strip, touch the two
ends of the wire of the discs of two
electroscopes. When we do so, leaf of the
second electroscope also spreads out. Thus
charges flow from the charged electroscope to
the uncharged electroscope.
Now repeat this experiment by using a plastic
thread or comb in place of the metal wire.
What do we observe? The leaf of the
uncharged electroscope does not spread out.
Contrary to the metal wire, the plastic thread is
not able to let the charges flow from the
electroscope to the other. This is called of flow
of charges.
v). What will happen if we touch the disc of
charged electroscope and why?
Ans. When we touch the disc of the electroscope
SMART SCIENCE 7 61 KEY BOOK

with a charged body say, by ebonite rod or

glass rod, the leaf will open out. The
separation of leaves will increase with
increase in amount of charge given to the
electroscope.
vi). How an object can be charged by method of
conduction?
Ans. Conduction of electric charges mean transfer
of charge from one place to another. When this
happens, we say that electricity is flowing
from one place to another.
vii). Prove experimentally that a rubbed object
and the rubbing being object both develop
an equal amount of charges.
Ans. Take an ebonite rod or a plastic ruler and
suspend it as shown in figure below after
rubbing it with wool or flannel, now charge
another ebonite rod or plastic scale in the same
manner and bring it close to the suspended
rod. What do we observe?
The suspended rod moves away from the other
one. Both the charged rods do not attract each
other. It is clear that there is repulsion between
SMART SCIENCE 7 62 KEY BOOK

the rods having similar charges.

viii). Why does a rubbed balloon stick, to a wall

after it has been rubbed?
Ans. Blow up a balloon and tie its mouth. Rub the
balloon 10 from to 12 times against the dry
hair. Now gently take it near a wall. What do
we observe?
The balloon sticks to the
wall, Why? We have
charged the balloon
rubbing it against the
hair. The balloon sticks
to the wall because of
force of attraction
Repulsion between
between the charged similar charges
balloon and the wall.
ix). How can we make electric charges
to flow?
SMART SCIENCE 7 63 KEY BOOK

Ans. Electric charge flow when there is a path for it.

if we provide a path elective charges to flow.
x). What is the function of a lightning conductor?
Ans. The pointed end of the rod should be directed
to the sky. If lightning strikes the building the
metal rod will discharge it to the ground
without damaging the building. It is called
lightning conductor. We can observe such
lightning conductors fixed on tall buildings.
xi). How does a lightning conductor work?
Ans. The lightning conductor places at the roof of
the building when electricity strikes it passes
to the earth with wire.
xii). How does an electric cell work? Describe
with a diagram.
Ans. In this type of cell, chemical energy is
converted into electrical energy. For use in our
everyday lives, electric cells can be made
from a dry paste-like chemical. This is called a
dry-cell battery or simply a battery. Flashlight
SMART SCIENCE 7 64 KEY BOOK

batteries and camera batteries are electric

cells. Batteries are also used in motor vehicles.
xiii). Write a short note on electric generator.
Ans. Dynamos and generators are a type of machine
used to generate current electricity. Dynamo
was invented by the scientist Michael
Faraday. In a dynamo, a coil of wire spins
between the two poles of a fixed magnet. This
causes an electric current to be generated in
the coil. In dynamos, mechanical energy is
formed from the chemical energy of fuel oil.
This mechanical energy is later converted into
electrical energy. Use of dynamos in both rural
and urban areas of Pakistan is increasing
steadily. During power failures or load-
shedding, dynamos or generators are used to
temporarily power light bulbs and other
electric equipment.
xiv). What is load-shedding? How would we
prevent the wastage of electrical energy?
SMART SCIENCE 7 65 KEY BOOK

Ans. The demand for electricity in our country is

increasing day by day due to increase in
population and improvements in our standard
of living. The production of electricity is also
increasing gradually. However, the supply of
electricity is not yet adequate to keep up with
the demand of electricity. So, some shortage
of electricity always persists. In order to
compensate for this shortage, supply of
electricity is cut off temporarily at certain
places for certain periods of time in a pre-
planned and pre-calculated way. This is called
load-shedding. When load- shedding occurs
somewhere, people obviously suffer, but if it
is announced beforehand, we can all be
prepared to share this temporary problem
equally for short periods of time. However, if
it becomes possible for us to generate
sufficient amounts of electricity in our
country, load-shedding will not be required
SMART SCIENCE 7 66 KEY BOOK

anymore.
3. Choose the correct answer:

i). Charges are always produce in:

(a) pair (b)P pole

(c) magnetic (d) sound

ii). Transference of charges is called:

(a)P flow (b) field

(c) electricity (d) electronics

iii). Non-metels are:
(a) good conductor of electricity
(b)P bad conductor of electricity
(c) charged conductor bodies
(d) none of these
iv). Lightning conductor discharge the lightning to
the earth with:
(a)P damage the soil
(b) harming the building
(c) harming the electric wiring
SMART SCIENCE 7 67 KEY BOOK

(d) out harming the building

v). How is current electricity generated?
a) When plants remain buried
underground for long periods of time.
b) If electric cells and dynamos are used.
c) When a substance absorbs the heat of
the sun.
d)P When a substance is rubbed with
another.
SMART SCIENCE 7 68 KEY BOOK

UNIT
10 Sound
1. Answer briefly:
i). What is sound?
Ans. Sound comes from vibrations. These
vibrations create sound waves which move
through mediums such as air and water before
reaching our ears.
ii). What do we need produce sound?
Ans. We need a vibrating body to produce sound.
iii). What energy is used in musical instruments
to make sound?
Ans. Sound is a type of energy. Many things can be
done using sound. Musical instruments can
produce sounds because of vibrating sound
energy.
iv). Why do our throats vibrate when we speak?
Ans. There are vocal cords inside our throats. They
are used to generate sound.
2. Answer in detail:
i). Why is sound called energy? Explain with
two examples.
Ans. We have seen ringing bells in schools. In order
SMART SCIENCE 7 69 KEY BOOK

to ring a bell, it must be struck. The bell creates

vibrations because of the force exerted on it.
Sound is created because of these vibrations.
Sometimes, houses vibrate when heavy trucks
pass by. The windowpanes of the nearby
houses rattle. If you stand on a bridge at that
time, you will find that it also vibrates. So, you
clearly understand that sound is a type of
energy. Many things can be done using sound.
Musical instruments can produce sounds
because of this energy. Windowpanes are
sometimes shattered by the tremendously loud
sound emitted by jet planes or cannons. The
membranes inside the ears can be injured, ears
may bleed, and it may result in deafness.
ii). Describe uses of sound energy in medical
science.
Ans. Sound also has its uses in the medical sector

Use of sound energy in the medical sector

SMART SCIENCE 7 70 KEY BOOK

for diagnosis of diseases. Stethoscopes and

other apparatuses use sound energy in order to
determine diseases or measure blood pressure.
Blind and deaf people can move around with
the help of a sound device. The presence
of submarines or icebergs under the
sea can be determined by using sound waves.
iii). Describe uses of sound energy.
Ans. We use telephones, which produce sound
energy also musical instruments and medical
instruments use sound energy.
iv). What is an echo?
Ans. Have you noticed what happens when we
shout in an empty room or in front of
mountains, hills or high walls? Can you hear

Echo
SMART SCIENCE 7 71 KEY BOOK

your own voice again? What is it called? If

someone shouts in a large open field or on the
bank of a river, the sound waves bounce back if
they are blocked by mountains or walls. Thus,
the sound is heard again after a short interval.
This is called an echo.
v). What do you understand by sound
pollution? Describe the harmful effects of
sound pollution.
Ans. We cannot do without sound. But loud and
high-pitched sounds irritate us and have
harmful effects on our bodies. This effect is
called sound pollution.
People that work in very noisy environments
may eventually become deaf. We must be
careful to keep our environment free of sound
pollution. Every country has its regulations
that determine the permissible levels of sound
for different areas. We all should know about
these regulations and abide by them. It is a
serious crime to make loud noises in or around
hospitals, educational institutions and
residential areas.
SMART SCIENCE 7 72 KEY BOOK

vi). How does sound pollution occur?

Ans. Sound pollution is produced in many ways
like, horns of vehicles on the roads, noises
from factories, noisy construction of buildings
in the urban areas, using loudspeakers, etc.
cause sound pollution. We have noticed that
noises made by loudspeakers hamper study
and other activities. Sound pollution may
cause headaches, mental agitation, hearing
impairment, high blood pressure, heart
diseases, etc. Band music played at very loud
volumes may even cause heart attacks in some
cases.
vii). Describe an experiment showing how
sound is produced using ripples of water.
Ans. Take a mug full of water. Hit a table or the floor
with one end of the tuning fork. Quickly dip
both the prongs of the tuning fork in the water.
What happens? The water ripples and spills
over the edges of the mug. Try to play on
SMART SCIENCE 7 73 KEY BOOK

guitars, violins, drums, sitar or whatever you

can get. You will find that they all produce
vibrations.
viii). Explain how sound is produced by musical
instruments.
Ans. We have seen different kinds of musical
instruments like flute, piano, ektara, dotara,
dhol, tabla, drum, etc. The flute is played by
blowing. There are holes in the body of the
flute. The notes are produced by the flute can
be changed by covering or uncovering these
holes with fingers. Strings are used to create
vibrations in cases of instruments like ektara,
dotara, sitar, piano etc. In these instruments,
the thicker and longer the string is, the heavier
is the sound produced by it. If the string is thin
and short, the sound produced by it will be
sharp and high-pitched. The fingers or palms
of the hands, or sticks are used to play the
tabla, dhol, drum etc. The sounds produced
SMART SCIENCE 7 74 KEY BOOK

from these instruments are heavy. The sound

of the flute is sharp.
3. Choose the correct answer:
i). What is needed to produce a sound?
(a)P vibration (b) long string
(c) flute (d) tune
ii). Which musical instrument is used a membrane
to generate sound?
(a)P guitar (b) sitar
(c) flute (d) tabla
iii). Which musical instrument is used strings to
make sound?
(a) flute (b) table
(c) dhol (d)P piano
iv). Which one uses echoes?
(a)P ambulance (b) television
(c) watch (d) ultrasonography
4. Fill in the blanks:
i). Sound is a kind of energy.
ii). Vibration of matter is needed to produce
SMART SCIENCE 7 75 KEY BOOK

sound.
iii). Sound produces many kinds of music.
iv). Tabla, dhol, drum, etc. use Vibration for
making sound.
v). The production of heavy sharp notes by ektara
depends upon the thickness of the string.
SMART SCIENCE 7 76 KEY BOOK

UNIT
11 Earth and Universe
1. Answer the following questions:
i). What is a celestial body? Write down the
names of some celestial bodies.
Ans. The bodies other than planets are called
celestial bodies for example, comet, nebulae
and meteors. We can see bright twinkling stars
or constellations are scattered over the sky,
observe very carefully, and we shall notice a
wide area like a white cloud. It will appear as if
a long path of light and shadow is sweeping
from the northern part of space to the southern
part. This is called a galaxy. A galaxy is
actually composed of trillions of stars and their
planets and satellites. There are innumerable
galaxies in space. Each galaxy contains
millions of stars.
ii). When and where can Venus be seen?
Ans. Venus can be seen from north and south poles
in November and December.
SMART SCIENCE 7 77 KEY BOOK

iii).How long does it take for the earth to rotate

once on its axis and revolve once around the
sun?
Ans. One complete rotation of the earth like this on
its axis takes almost 24 hours. These 24 hours
are collectively known as a day. This type of
motion of the earth is called the diurnal
rotation of the earth. During this rotation, the
side of the earth which faces the sun
experiences daytime, while the other side
experiences nighttime. Days and nights thus
occur because of the diurnal rotation of the
earth.
iv). What is the diurnal rotation of the earth?
Describe it.
Ans. The earth is rotating on its axis from the west
toward the east. One complete rotation of the
earth like this on its axis takes almost 24 hours.
These 24 hours are collectively known as a
day. This type of motion of the earth is called
the diurnal rotation of the earth.
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v). Write down the names of the seasons in

Pakistan.
Ans. Pakistan is called the land of six seasons. The
six seasons are: summer, rainy season,
autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. These
six seasons, come one after another in a certain
sequence.
vi). What is a comet? Describe Halley's Comet.
Ans. Sometimes, a type of celestial body appears in
the space. These bodies appear for sometimes
and then they disappear. Comets are truly
amazing things of the sky. They travel around
stars. The British scientist Edmund Halley
discovered a comet in the sky in the year 1682.
It was named Halley's Comet after him. It can
be seen every 76 years. According to his
calculations, Halley's Comet has already been
seen in 1834, 1910 and 1986, and it will be
seen again in the year 2062.
vii). Why do days and nights occur?
Ans. Everyday the sun rises in the east and sets in
the west. Therefore, in ancient times people
SMART SCIENCE 7 79 KEY BOOK

used to think that the earth is static and the sun

is orbiting the earth. But with the advancement
of science it was later known that the earth is
actually orbiting the sun. It does not only orbit
the sun, but also rotates on its own axis. The
earth is rotating on its axis from the west
toward the east. One complete rotation of the
earth like this on its axis takes almost 24 hours.
These 24 hours are collectively known as a
day. This type of motion of the earth is called
the diurnal rotation of the earth. During this
rotation, the side of the earth which faces the
sun experiences daytime, while the other side
experiences nighttime. Days and nights thus
occur because of the diurnal rotation of the
earth.

2. Choose the correct answer:

i). What are stars, the sun and the moon are called
collectively?
a) Planets b) Stars
c) P Celestial bodies d) Nebulae
SMART SCIENCE 7 80 KEY BOOK

ii). Which of the following is a satellite?

a) Sun b)P Moon
c) Mars d) Venus
iii). Which one of these celestial bodies in our solar
system emit light of its own?
a) the Earth b) the Moon
c) P the Sun d) the Venus
iv). Which of these is used by sailors for
navigation at night?
a)P Pole Star b) Venus
c) Satellite d) Meteor
v). From which direction to which direction the
earth is rotating on its axis?
a) East to west b) West to east
c) North to south d) P South to north
3. Fill in the blanks:
i). The earth is a planet of the sun.
ii). The earth and other planets orbit the own axis.
iii). Venus is actually a planet .
iv). The planet on which life has been found is
earth .
v). A comet looks like a faint cloud.
SMART SCIENCE 7 81 KEY BOOK

vi). Days and nights occur on earth due to the

diurnal rotation of the earth.
4. Write the names of following diagrams:

Nebulae: Comets:

Meteors:
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UNIT
12 Science and Technology
1. Answer the following short questions:
I). What is science?
Ans. Science is method of studying facts and
calculating rules from these facts.
ii). What is technology?
Ans. Technology is advancement of science in any
field using new methods.
iii). Name a few types of technology used in the
field of medical science.
Ans. In the field of medicine, science and
technology have allowed us to develop new
types of medicines and equipment.
Previously, only X-rays were used in order to
observe the state of the internal organs of the
body. Now sound waves are used in
ultrasonography to take pictures of the internal
organs of the body. ECGs are used to detect
heart diseases. Laser beams are used to
perform many complex operations without
causing any loss of blood. Modern medical
SMART SCIENCE 7 83 KEY BOOK

technology allows us to implant or transplant

different malfunctioning organs. For example,
it is now possible to implant artificial kidneys,
or pacemakers in case of heart problems.
Injections and vaccinations are used to
provide protection from tuberculosis,
diphtheria, whooping cough, measles and pox.
iv). State the difference between science and
technology with an example.
Ans. Science is predefined thinking on a specific
topic and producing results while technology
is its practical implementation.
v). Write down the names of five old types of
technology.
Ans. Steam engine, radio, agriculture, telescope,
telephone.
vi). Write down the names of five types of
modern technology in the field of
information technology.
Ans. Internet, computers, mobile, smart board and
routers.
SMART SCIENCE 7 84 KEY BOOK

vii). What are remote controls? What purposes

are they used for?
Ans. Buttons also need to be pressed in order to
increase or decrease the volume. However, a
small device can now be used to do these
things from a distance. Many of you know the
name of this device, and many of you have
probably used it. It is called a 'remote control'.
The meaning of the term 'remote control' is to
control something from a distance. It is also
called a 'remote' in its shortened form. Apart
from turning a TV on or off, changing its
channels, or increasing or decreasing its
volume, remotes are also used for many other
purposes. For example, there are many
remote-operated toys, stereo systems, DVD
players, calling bells, fans, air-conditioners,
doors etc many of you probably own remote-
controlled toy cars.
2. Answer in detail:
I). Describe the relationship between science
and technology.
Ans. Technology is practical implementation of
SMART SCIENCE 7 85 KEY BOOK

science.
ii). What is agricultural technology? How does
technology help in the field of agriculture?
Ans. The ancient technology known as the plough is
still used in many countries. In our country,
animal-driven ploughs are used in conjunction
with mechanical ploughs or tractors and
power tillers, which are examples of modern
technology. Low- lift pumps are used to lift
water from deep wells, reservoirs, rivers and
streams for irrigation purposes. Drum-seeders
are used for seeding. There are also machines
used for harvesting and threshing crops. These
types of agricultural technology have made
the jobs of farmers much easier. The invention
of high yielding variety (HYV) of paddy and
other food grain seeds are results of science
and technology. Plants of (HYV) food grain
have increased our grain yield by many times.
iii). Mention a few examples of medical
technology. Write down the names of the
diseases which can be treated by them.
Ans. In the field of medicine, science and
technology have allowed us to develop new
SMART SCIENCE 7 86 KEY BOOK

types of medicines and equipment.

Previously, only X-rays were used in order to
observe the state of the internal organs of the
body. Now sound waves are used in
ultrasonography to take pictures of the internal
organs of the body. ECGs are used to detect
heart diseases. Laser beams are used to
perform many complex operations without
causing any loss of blood.
iv). Describe the effect of technology on the lives
of human beings.
Ans. Life of human being are becoming more
secure and comfortable with the help of
technology.
v). Discuss the problems which arise out of the
misuse of technology.
Ans. Using mobile and internet very often is
wastage of time and money. Use of mobile
camera can also be harmful.
vi). What are automatic doors? How do they
open by themselves?
Ans. Usually, we have to open latches or locks, or
push or pull the doors in order to open them.
SMART SCIENCE 7 87 KEY BOOK

But automatic doors open by themselves,

because of which they are known as automatic
doors.
Actually automatic doors do not open by
themselves.
When we go in front of such a door, or an
object or machine is placed in front of it, a
system detects us or the object's presence and
turns on the switch which is used to open the
door, causing it to open. This machine is called
a sensor.
3. Fill in the blanks:
i). Sound waves are used in ultrasonography
machines.
ii). The new piece of technology used for seeding
crops is called a HYV.
iii). Radio signals are used in TV remote controls.
iv). Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone.
v). Monitor of a computer is an example of its
output unit.
SMART SCIENCE 7 88 KEY BOOK

4. Choose the correct answer:

i). What is the knowledge obtained from
experiments and researches called?
a) Technology b) Education
c) P Science d) Skill
ii). What is the name of the process through which
the knowledge discovered by scientists is
used to meet the needs of human beings?
a) Skill b) P Technology
c) Experiment d) Science
iii). Which of these devices are used to take
pictures of the internal organs of the body
with the help of sound waves?
a) P E C G machine b)
Ultrasonography
c) Camera d )
Stethoscope
iv). Which of these is used to detect broken bones
inside the body?
a)P X-ray b) Laser
c) ECG machine d) Stethoscope