LATIHAN SOAL BAB 8

1. Untuk masing-masing fungsi permintaan dan fungsi biaya total berikut ini, (a) Hitung jumlah
produk yang harus diproduksi agar perusahaan memperoleh laba maksimum! (b) Hitung laba
maksimum perusahaan (c) Berapa harga jual produk tersebut? (d) Berapa biaya total yang
dikeluarkan perusahaan? dan (e) Berapa penerimaan total yang diterima perusahaan?
a. 𝑷 = 𝟖𝟕𝟓 – 𝟑𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟑𝟎𝑸𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Jawaban:
𝑇𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 = (875 – 30𝑄)𝑄 = 875𝑄 − 30𝑄2
𝑀𝑅 = 875 − 60𝑄
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑄3- 30𝑄2 + 200𝑄 + 1000
𝑀𝐶 = 3𝑄2 − 60𝑄 + 200

Jika MR=MC = 875 – 60Q = 3𝑄2 - 60𝑄

875 – 200 = 3𝑄2 - 60𝑄 + 60𝑄
675 = 3𝑄2
𝑄2= 225
𝑄 = 15

P = 875- 30𝑄 = 875 – 30(15) = 425

TR = PQ = 425 × 15 = 6.375
TC = 𝑄3- 30𝑄2 + 200𝑄 + 1000
TR = (15)3 – 30(15)2+ 200(15) + 1000
TR = 3375 – 6750 + 3000 + 1000
TR = 625
ᴫ min = TR – TC = 6.375 – 625 = 5750

b. 𝑷 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔 – 𝟑𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟖𝑸𝟑 − 𝟑𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝑸 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
TR = PQ = (216 – 3𝑄) 𝑄 = 216𝑄 - 3𝑄2
MR = 216 - 6𝑄
TC = 0,08𝑄3 - 3𝑄2 + 120𝑄 + 200
MC = 0,24𝑄2 + 3𝑄 + 120

MR = MC
216 – 6𝑄 = 0,24𝑄2 - 6𝑄 + 120
216 – 120 = 0,24𝑄2 - 6𝑄 + 6𝑄
96 = 0,24𝑄2
𝑄2 = 400
=20

c. 𝑷. 𝟏𝟐𝟑 − 𝟔𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 – 𝟔𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝑸 + 𝟑𝟎

Jawaban:
TR = PQ = (123 - 6𝑄) 𝑄 = 123𝑄 - 6𝑄2
MR = 123 – 12𝑄
TC = 𝑄3 – 6𝑄2 + 15𝑄 + 30
MC = 3𝑄2 – 12𝑄 + 15

MR = MC
123 – 12𝑄 = 3𝑄2 – 12𝑄 + 15
123 – 15 = 3𝑄2 – 12𝑄 + 1
 108 = 6𝑄2
𝑄2 = 12
=9

d. 𝑷 = 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟑𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝑸𝟑 – 𝟑𝑸𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝑸 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑃𝑄 = (90 – 3𝑄)𝑄 = 34. 5000 𝑄 – 315 𝑄2
𝑀𝑅 = 34.500 − 630 𝑄
𝑇𝐶 = 0, 𝑄3 – 315 𝑄2 + 27.000 𝑄 + 200.000
𝑀𝐶 = 0,3𝑄2 − 6𝑄 + 60

MR = MC
90 − 6𝑄 = 0,3𝑄2 − 6𝑄 + 60
90 – 60 = 0,3𝑄2- 6𝑄 + 6𝑄
30 = 0,3𝑄2
𝑄2 = 50
= 25

e. 𝑷 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓𝟎𝟎 – 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟑𝟏𝟓𝑸𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑸 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑃𝑄 = (34.500 – 315 𝑄) 𝑄 = 34.500 𝑄 − 315𝑄2
𝑀𝑅 = 34.500 − 360 𝑄
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑄3 − 315𝑄2 + 27.000 𝑄 + 200.000
𝑀𝐶 = 3𝑄3 − 630𝑄 + 27.000

MR = MC
34.500 - 630𝑄 = 3𝑄2 - 630𝑄 + 27.000
34.500 – 27.000 = 3𝑄2 - 630𝑄 + 630𝑄
7.500 = 3𝑄2
𝑄2 = 1.250
= 625

f. 𝑷 = 𝟔𝟎𝟐 − 𝑸 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟑𝑸𝟐 − 𝑸𝟐 + 𝟐𝟔𝑸 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝑇𝐶 = 𝑃𝑄 = 602𝑄
𝑀𝑅 = 0,03𝑄2 − 𝑄2 + 26𝑄 + 1200
𝑀𝐶 = 0,06𝑄2 − 𝑄 + 26𝑄
= 0,06𝑄2 + 26

MR = MC
602𝑄 = 0,06𝑄2 +26
602 – 26 = 0,06𝑄2
576 = 0,06𝑄2
𝑄 = 4.800
𝑄 = 2.400
2. Untuk masing-masing fungsi penerimaan total (TR) dan fungsi biaya total (TC) berikut ini, (a)
Hitung jumlah produk yang harus diproduksi agar perusahaan memperoleh laba yang
maksimum! Ingat Gunakan pendekatan total, yakni pi = TR - TC (b) Hitung laba maksimum
perusahaan! (c) gambarkan fungsi penerimaan total (TR) dan fungsi biaya total (TC) dalam satu
grafik! (d) gambarkan fungsi labanya?

a. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟓𝟎𝑸 − 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝑸 + 𝟑𝟖

𝑱𝒂𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒏:
ᴫ max tercapai saat MR = MC
MR = TR` MC = TC`
MR = 50𝑄 − 𝑄 2
MC = 𝑄2 + 10𝑄 + 38
MR = 50 - 2𝑄 MC = 2𝑄 + 10

MR = MC
50 - 2𝑄 = 2𝑄 + 10
50 – 10 = 2𝑄 + 2𝑄
40 = 4𝑄
𝑄 = 10

TR = 50(10) – (102) = 500 – 100 = 400

TC = 𝑄2 + 10𝑄 + 38 = (102) + 10(10) + 38= 100 + 100 + 38 = 238
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 400 – 238 = 162

b. 𝑻𝑹 𝟔𝟎𝑸 − 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 𝟐𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝑸 + 𝟖𝟒

Jawaban:
ᴫ max tercapai saat MR = MC
MR = TR` MC = TC`
MR = 60𝑄 – 𝑄 2
MC = 2𝑄2 + 12𝑄 + 84
MR = 60 − 2𝑄 MC = 4𝑄 + 12

MR = MC
60 − 2𝑄 = 4𝑄 + 12
60 – 12= 4𝑄 + 2𝑄
48 = 6𝑄
𝑄=8

TR = 60(8) – (82) – 480 – 64 = 416

TC = 2𝑄2 + 12𝑄 + 84 = (102) + 12(8) + 84 =100 + 96 + 84 = 280
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 416 – 280 = 136

c. 𝑻𝑹 𝟖𝟎𝑸 − 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 𝟐𝑸𝟐 + 𝟖𝑸 + 𝟔𝟗

Jawaban:
ᴫ max tercapai saat MR = MC
MR = TR` MC = TC`
MR = 80𝑄 − 𝑄 2
MC = 2𝑄2 + 8𝑄 + 69
MR = 80 − 2𝑄 MC = 4𝑄 + 8

MR = MC
80 − 2𝑄 = 4𝑄 + 8
80 – 8 = 4𝑄 + 2𝑄
72 = 6𝑄
𝑄 = 12
 TR = 80(12) - (12𝑄) = 960 – 144 = 816
TC = 2𝑄2 + 8𝑄 + 69 = (142) + 8(12) + 69 = 196 + 96 + 69 = 361
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 816 – 361 = 455

d. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑸 − 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 𝑸𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝑸 + 𝟑𝟓𝟎

Jawaban:
ᴫ max tercapai saat MR = MC
MR = TR` MC = TC`
MR = 100𝑄 − 𝑄 2
MC = 𝑄2 + 20𝑄 + 350
MR = 100 − 2𝑄 MC = 2𝑄 + 20

MR = MC
100 − 2𝑄 = 2𝑄 + 20
100 – 20 = 2𝑄 + 2𝑄
80 = 4𝑄
𝑄 = 20

TR = 100(20)– (202) = 2000 – 400 = 1.600

TC = 𝑄2 + 20𝑄 + 350 = (202) + 20(20) + 350 = 400 + 400 + 350 = 1.150
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 1.600 – 1.150 = 150

e. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝑸 – 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝑸 + 𝟒𝟓𝟎

𝐉𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐧:
ᴫ max tercapai saat MR = MC
MR = TR` MC = TC`
MR = 120𝑄 − 𝑄 2
MC = 𝑄2 + 20𝑄 + 450
MR = 120 – 2𝑄 MC = 2𝑄 + 20

MR = MC
120 − 2𝑄 = 2𝑄 + 20
120 – 20 = 2𝑄 + 2𝑄
100= 4𝑄
𝑄 = 25

TR = 120(25)– (252) = 3000 – 625 = 2.375

TC = (252) + 20(25) + 450 = 625 + 500 + 450 = 1.575
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 2.375 − 1.575 = 800

3. Untuk masing – masing penerimaan total (TR) dan fungsi biaya total (TC) berikut ini, (a)
hitung jumlah produk yang harus di produksi agar perusahaan memperoleh laba yang
maksimum! Ingat: gunakan pendekatan total, yakni ᴫ = TR – TC . Dan pendekatan marginal,
yakni ᴫ = MR =
MC (b) hitung laba maksimum perusahaan! (c) gambarkan laba maksimum tersebut dalam
gerafik pendekatan total mapun pendekatan marginal!

a. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟖𝑸 − 𝟓𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟔𝟓𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎𝑸 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑱𝒂𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒏:
𝑀𝑅 = 𝑇𝑅` MC = TC`
= 1088Q - 5𝑄 2
= 𝑄3 − 65𝑄2 + 1520𝑄 + 3000
= 1088 – 10Q = 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 1520
Jika MR = MC
 Maka MR = MC
1088 – 10Q = 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 1520
1088 – 1520= 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 10Q
-432 = 3𝑄2 −
120𝑄 3𝑄2 − 120𝑄 + 432 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑄1,2 =
2𝑎
−(−120)±√−1202−4×3×432
=
2×3

= 120 ± √14.400 − 5. .184

6
120 ± 120 − 72
=
6
120 + 48
𝑄1 = = 28 (𝑀𝑎𝑥)
6
120 − 48
𝑄2 = = 12 (𝑀𝑖𝑛)
6
𝑇𝑅 = 1088(28) − 5 (28)2 = 30.464 – 3.920 = 26.544
𝑇𝐶 = (28)3 – 65 (28)2 + 1.520(28) + 3000 = 21.952 – 50.960 + 42.560 + 3000= 16.552
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 26.544 – 16.552 = 9.992

b. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎𝑸 – 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟔𝟕𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎𝑸 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝑀𝑅 = 𝑇𝑅` MC = TC`
= 1120Q - 𝑄2
= 𝑄3 − 67𝑄2 + 1600𝑄 + 5000
= 1120 – 2Q = 3𝑄2 − 134𝑄 + 1600

Jika MR = MC
Maka MR = MC
1120 – 2Q = 3𝑄2 − 134𝑄 + 1600
1120 – 1600= 3𝑄2 − 134𝑄 + 2Q
-480 = 3𝑄2 −
132𝑄 3𝑄2 − 132𝑄 + 480 = 0

𝑄1,2 = −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐

2𝑎
−(−132)±√−1322−4×3×480
=
2×3

= 132 ± √17.424 − 5.760

6
132 ± 132 − 76
=
6
132 + 56
𝑄1 = = 31 (𝑀𝑎𝑥)
6
132 − 56
𝑄2 = = 13 (𝑀𝑖𝑛)
6

𝑇𝑅 = 1120(31) − (31)2 = 34.720 – 961 = 33.759

𝑇𝐶 = (31)3 – 67 (31)2 + 1.600(31) + 5.000 =29.791–64.387+ 49.600+ 5.000= 20.004
ᴫ max = TR – TC =33.759 - 20.004 = 13.755
c. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝑸 – 𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟕𝟎𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎𝑸 + 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐉𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐧:
𝑀𝑅 = 𝑇𝑅` MC = TC`
= 1296Q - 𝑄2
= 𝑄3 − 70𝑄2 + 1800𝑄 + 6000
= 1296 – 2Q = 3𝑄2 − 140𝑄 + 1800

Jika MR = MC
Maka MR = MC
1296 – 2Q = 3𝑄2 − 140𝑄 + 1800
1296 – 1800= 3𝑄2 − 140𝑄 + 2Q
-504 = 3𝑄2 −
138𝑄 3𝑄2 − 138𝑄 + 504 = 0

𝑄1,2 = −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐

2𝑎
−(−138)±√−1382−4×3×504
=
2×3

= 138 ± √19.044 − 6.048

6
138 ± 138 − 78
=
6
138 + 60
𝑄1 = = 33 (𝑀𝑎𝑥)
6
138 − 60
𝑄2 = = 13 (𝑀𝑖𝑛)
6

𝑇𝑅 = 1296(33) − (33)2 = 42.768 – 1.089 = 41.679

𝑇𝐶 = (33)3 – 70 (33)2 + 1.800(31) + 6.000 =1.089–76.230+ 59.400+6.000= - 9.741
ᴫ max = TR – TC =41.679 – (- 9741)= 41.679 + 9.741= 51.420

d. 𝑻𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟖𝑸 − 𝟓𝑸𝟐 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝑪 = 𝑸𝟑 − 𝟔𝟓𝑸𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎𝑸 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑱𝒂𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒏:
𝑀𝑅 = 𝑇𝑅` MC = TC`
= 1088Q - 5𝑄 2
= 𝑄3 − 65𝑄2 + 1520𝑄 + 3000
= 1088 – 10Q = 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 1520
Jika MR = MC
Maka MR = MC
1089 – 10Q = 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 1520
1088 – 1520= 3𝑄2 − 130𝑄 + 10Q
-432 = 3𝑄2 −
120𝑄 3𝑄2 − 120𝑄 + 432 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑄1,2 =
2𝑎
−(−120)±√−1202−4×3×432
=
2×3

= 120 ± √14.400 − 5. .184

6
120 ± 120 − 72
=
6
120 + 48
𝑄1 = = 28 (𝑀𝑎𝑥)
6
120 − 48
𝑄2 = = 12 (𝑀𝑖𝑛)
6
 𝑇𝑅 = 1088(28) − 5 (28)2 = 30.464 – 3.920 = 26.544
𝑇𝐶 = (28)3 – 65 (28)2 + 1.520(28) + 3000 = 21.952 – 50.960 + 42.560 + 3000= 16.552
ᴫ max = TR – TC = 26.544 – 16.552 = 9.992

4. Misalkan suatu perusahaan akan menjual produknya dengan harga jual per imit (P). Kemudian,
untuk menghasilkan produk tersebut perusahaan mengeluarkan biaya variabel per unit (V)
dan biaya tetap total (FC). Berikut ini adalah informasi mengenai ketiga variabel tersebut.

a. 𝑷 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝑽 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝑪 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝐹𝐶
Q 𝑃−𝑉 = 2.000.000
=
2.000.000
= 40
150.000−100.000 50.000
TR = P × 𝑄
= 150.000 × 40 = 6.000.000

b. 𝑷 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽 − 𝑹𝒑 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝑪 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝐹𝐶
Q 𝑃−𝑉 = 20.000.000 20.000.000
= 200.000.000
= 100
1.500.000−1.300.000
TR = P × 𝑄
= 1.500.000 × 100 = 150.000.000

c. 𝑷 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑽 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟐𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝑪 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝐹𝐶
Q 𝑃−𝑉 = 6.000.000
=
6.000.000
= 120
250.000−200.000 500.000
TR = P × 𝑄
=150.000 × 120 = 30.000.000

d. P = Rp 175.000 V = Rp 100.000; dan FC = Rp 3.750.000

Jawaban:
𝐹𝐶
Q 𝑃−𝑉 = 3.750.000
=
3.750.000
= 50
175.000−100.000 75.000
TR = P × 𝑄
= 175.000 × 50 = 8.750.000

e. 𝑷 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝑽 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟒𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝒅𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝑪 = 𝑹𝒑 𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Jawaban:
𝐹𝐶
Q 𝑃−𝑉 = 2.500.000
=
2.500.000
= 25
500.000−400.000 100.000
TR = P × 𝑄
= 500.000 × 25 = 12.500.000