PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

SECTION (A) : PLANE MIRROR

A 1. Find the angle of deviation (both clockwise and anticlockwise) suffered by
a ray incident on a plane mirror, at an angle of incidence 30º.

A 2. Figure shows a plane mirror onto which a light ray is incident. If

the incident light ray is turned by 10º and the mirror by 20º, as
shown, find the angle turned by the reflected ray.

A 3. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror, which after getting reflected

strikes another plane mirror, as shown in figure. The angle between
the two mirrors is 60º. Find the angle ‘’ shown in figure.

A 4. Sun rays are incident at an angle of 24° to the horizon. How can they be directed parallel to the horizon
using a plane mirror?

A 5. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the figure

(a) How many images will be formed.
(b) Find the position(s) of image(s).
(c) Will the incident ray passing through (1, 1.25) take part in image formation.

A 6. An object is placed at (0, 0) and a plane mirror is placed,

inclined 30º with the x axis.
(a) Find the position of image.
(b) If the object starts moving with velocity 1 î m/s and
the mirror is fixed find the velocity of image.

SECTION (B) : SPHERICAL MIRROR

B 1. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in such a
way that the end farther from the pole is 20 cm away from it. Find the length of the image.

B 2. A point source is at a distance 35 cm on the optical axis from a spherical concave mirror having a
focal length 25 cm. At what distance along the optical axis from the concave mirror should a plane
mirror be placed for the image it forms (due to rays falling on it after reflection from the concave mirror)
to coincide with the point source?

B 3. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed by a spherical concave mirror of focal length 11.4 m.
The diameter of the moon in 3450 km and the distance between the earth and the moon is 3.8 × 105 km.

RESONANCE 58
B 4. The radius of curvature of a convex spherical mirror is 1.2 m. How far away from the mirror is an object
of height 12 cm if the distance between its virtual image & the mirror is 0.35 m? What is the height of
the image?
B 5. A converging beam of solar rays is incident on a concave spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is
0.8 m. Determine the position of the point on the optical axis of the mirror where the reflected rays
intersect, if the extensions of the incident rays intersect the optical axis 40 cm from the mirror’s pole.
B 6. A point object is placed on the principal axis at 60 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm on the
principal axis. If the object is moved with a velocity of 10 cm/s (a) along the principal axis, find the velocity of
image (b) perpendicular to the principal axis, find the velocity of image at that moment.

B 7. A man uses a concave mirror for shaving. He keeps his face at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror and
gets an image which is 1.5 times enlarged. Find the focal length of the mirror.

SECTION (C) : REFRACTION IN GENERAL , REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACE AND T.I.R.

C 1. A light ray falling at an angle of 60° with the surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00 m is
refracted into it at an angle of 15°. Calculate the time taken by the light rays to cross the slab. Speed
of light in vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s.

C 2. A light ray is incident at 45° on a glass slab. The slab is 3 cm thick, and the refractive index of the glass
is 1.5. What will the lateral displacement of the ray be as a result of its passage through the slab? At
what angle will the ray emerge from the slab?

C 3. An observer in air (n = 1) sees the bottom of a beaker filled with water

(n = 4/3) upto a height of 40 cm.What will be the depth felt by this
observer.

C 4. Rays incident on an interface would converge 10 cm below the interface if

they continued to move in straight lines without bending. But due to
refraction, the rays will bend and meet some where else. Find the distance
of meeting point of refracted rays below the interface, assuming the rays to
be making small angles with the normal to the interface.

C 5. Find the apparent distance between the observer and the object shown in
the figure and shift in the position of object.

C 6. Find the apparent depth of the object seen by observer A ?

C 7. Locate the image of the point P as seen

by the eye in the figure.

RESONANCE 59
C 8. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm and height 4
cm filled completely with water. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a corner. Suppose this ray
and the ray along the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image. Find the apparent depth of the
image. Refractive index of water = 4/3.
C 9. A concave mirror of radius R is kept on a horizontal table (figure). Water
(refractive index = µ) is poured into it upto a height h. Where should an
object be placed (its distance from the water surface) so that its final
image is formed on itself. Consider two cases
(i) h  0
(ii) in terms of h

C 10. A point source is placed at a depth h below the surface of water (refractive index = µ).The medium
above the surface of water is air (µ =1).Find the area on the surface of water through which light comes
in air from water.

Light goes from glass (µ =

3
C 11. ) to air. Find the angle of incidence for which the angle of deviation is 90º.
2

C 12. At what values of the refractive index of a rectangular prism can a

ray travel as shown in figure. The section of the prism is an isosceles
triangle & the ray is normally incident onto the face AC.

C 13. A triangular glass wedge is lowered into water ( = 4/3). The refractive
index of glass is µg = 1.5. At what angle  will the beam of light normally
incident on AB reach AC entirely?

SECTION D : REFRACTION BY PRISM

D 1. A prism (n = 2) of apex angle 90° is placed in air (n = 1). What should be the angle of incidence so that light
ray strikes the second surface at an angle of 60º.

D 2. Ref. index of a prism (A = 60°) placed in air (n = 1) is n = 1.5. Light ray is incident on this prism at an angle
of 60º. Find the angle of deviation. State whether this is a minimum deviation.
1
Given : sin–1 = 35º , sin–1 0.4 = 25º , sin–1 0.6 = 37º.
3

D 3. The cross section of a glass prism has the form of an equilateral triangle. A ray is incident onto one of
the faces perpendicular to it. Find the angle  between the incident ray and the ray that leaves the
prism. The refractive index of glass is µ = 1.5.
D 4. The angle of refraction of a prism is 60°. A light ray emerges from the prism at the same angle as it is
incident on it. The refractive index of the prism is 1.5. Determine the angle by which the ray is deflected
from its initial direction as a result of its passage through the prism.

D 5. Find the angle of deviation suffered by the light ray shown in figure for following
two condition The refractive index for the prism material is µ = 3/2.
(i) When the prism is placed in air ( = 1)
(ii) When the prism is placed in water ( = 4/3)

RESONANCE 60
SECTION (E) : REFRACTION BY SPHERICAL SURFACE
E 1. A spherical surface of radius 30 cm separates two transparent media A and B with refractive indices 4/
3 and 3/2 respectively. The medium A is on the convex side of the surface. Where should a point object
be placed in medium A so that the paraxial rays become parallel after refraction at the surface?

E 2. A narrow parallel beam of light is incident paraxially on a solid transparent sphere of radius r. What
should be the refractive index if the beam is to be focused (a) At the surface of the sphere, (b) at the
centre of the sphere.

E 3. An extended object of size 2 cm is placed at a distance of 10 cm in air (n = 1) from pole, on the principal axis
of a spherical curved surface.The medium on the other side of refracting surface has refractive index n = 2.
Find the position, nature and size of image formed after single refraction through the curved surface.
n=1 n=2
2cm

10cm

ROC =20cm

E 4. A point object lies inside a transparent solid sphere of radius 20 cm and of refractive index n = 2. When the
object is viewed from air through the nearest surface it is seen at a distance 5 cm from the surface. Find the
distance of object when it is seen through the farthest curved surface.
E 5. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece (n = 1.5) of length 20 cm bound by spherical surfaces of
radii of curvature 10 cm.Find the position of final image formed after twice refractions.
20cm
air air

B
object A n=1.5
ROC=10cm
10cm ROC =10cm

E 6. There is a small air bubble inside a glass sphere (µ = 1.5) of radius 5 cm. The bubble is at 'O' at 7.5 cm
4
below the surface of the glass.The sphere is placed inside water (µ = ) such that the top surface of
3
glass is 10 cm below the surface of water. The bubble is viewed normally from air. Find the apparent
depth of the bubble.

observer

10cm

glass
C
water O

E 7. A small object Q of length 1 mm lies along the principal axis of a spherical glass of radius R = 10 cm
and refractive index is 3/2. The object is seen from air along the principal axis from left. The distance of
object from the centre P is 5 cm. Find the size of the image. Is it real, inverted?

RESONANCE 61
SECTION (F) : LENS
F 1. A double convex lens has focal length 50 cm. The radius of curvature of one of the surfaces is double
of the other. Find the radii, if the refractive index of the material of the lens is 2.

F 2. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive index 1.50. The magnitude of the radii of curvature
are 20 cm and 30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the possible lenses with the above specifications.

F 3. Find the focal length of lens shown in the figure. Solve for three cases ns = 1.5, ns = 2.0, ns = 2.5.
n=2
ns ns

R.O.C.=40cm
R.O.C. =60cm

F 4. What will the paths of the rays be after refraction in the lenses.
[F1 – First focus, F2 – Second focus]

(a) (b)

F 5. Given an optical axis MN & the positions of a real object A B and its
image A' B', determine diagramatically the position of the lens (its optical
centre O) and its foci. Is it a converging or diverging lens? Is the image
real or virtual?

F 6. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index µ2 has a medium of refractive index µ1 on one side and
a medium of refractive index µ3 on the other side. The lens is biconvex and the two radii of curvature has
equal magnitude R. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis is incident on the lens. Where
will the image be formed if the beam is incident from (a) the medium µ1 and (b) from the medium µ3?

F 7. An object of height 6 cm is set at right angles to the optical axis of a double convex lens of optical
power 5 D & 25 cm away from the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens, the position of the
image, the linear magnification of the lens, and the height of the image formed by it.

F 8. A lens placed between a candle and a screen forms a real triply magnified image of the candle on the
screen. When the lens is moved away from the candle by 0.8 m without changing the position of the
candle, a real image one-third the size of the candle is formed on the screen. Determine the focal
length of the lens.

F 9. A lens with a focal length of 16 cm produces a sharp image of a real object in two positions of lens
which are 60 cm apart. Find the distance (fixed) from the object to the screen.

F10. A pin of length 2.0 cm lies along the principal axis of a converging lens, the centre being at a distance
of 11 cm from the lens. The focal length of the lens is 6 cm. Find the size of the image.

F11. The diameter of the sun is 1.4 × 109 m and its distance from the earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. Find the diameter
of the image of the sun formed by a lens of focal length 40 cm.

F12. A 5.0 diopter lens forms a virtual image which is 4 times the object placed perpendicularly on the
principal axis of the lens. Find the distance of the object from the lens.

RESONANCE 62
F 13. A diverging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm towards left of a converging mirror of
focal length 10 cm .Where should an object be placed towards left of the lens so that a real image is
formed at the object itself?

F14. A converging lens and a diverging mirror are placed at a separation of 15 cm. The focal length of the
lens is 25 cm and that of the mirror is 40 cm. Where should a point source be placed between the lens
and the mirror so that the light, after getting reflected by the mirror and then getting refracted by the
lens, comes out parallel to the principal axis?
F 15. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens (f = 15 cm) at a distance of
30 cm from it. A glass plate (µ = 1.50) of thickness 1 cm is placed on the other side of the lens
perpendicular to the axis. Locate the image of the point object.

F16. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 10 cm apart
with their principal axes coinciding. A beam of light travelling parallel to the principal axis and having a
beam diameter 5.0 mm, is incident on the combination. Show that the emergent beam is parallel to the
incident one. Find the beam diameter of the emergent beam. Also find out the ratio of emergent and
incident intensities.

SECTION (G) : COMBINATION OF LENSES/LENS & MIRRORS.

G 1. 2 identical thin converging lenses brought in contact so that their axes coincide are placed 12.5 cm
from an object. What is the optical power of the system & each lens, if the real image formed by the
system of lenses is four times as large as the object?
G 2. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on the other
side at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. When a concave lens is placed in contact with the convex
lens, the image shifts away further by 30 cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the two lenses.
G 3. A thin concavo-concave lens is surrounded by two different liquids A
and B as shown in figure. The system is supported by a plane mirror at
the bottom. Refractive index of A, lens and B are 9/5, 3/2 and 4/3
respectively. The radius of curvature of the surfaces of the lens are
same and equal to 10 cm. Where should an object be placed infront of
this system so that final image is formed on the object itself.
G 4. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens of glass of refractive index 1.5 has a radius of
curvature 20 cm. the concave surface has a radius of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is silvered and
placed on a horizontal surface as shown in figure.
(a) Where should a pin be placed on the axis so that its image is
formed at the same place? (b) If the concave part is filled with water (µ
= 4/3), find the distance through which the pin should be moved so that
the image of the pin again
coincides with the pin.

SECTION (H) : DISPERSION OF LIGHT

H 1. A certain material has refractive indices 1.56, 1.60 and 1.68 for red, yellow and violet light respectively. (a)
Calculate the dispersive power. (b) Find the angular dispersion produced by a thin prism of angle 6° made of
this material.
H 2. A flint glass prism and a crown glass prism are to be combined in such a way that the deviation of the mean
ray is zero. The refractive index of flint and crown glasses for the mean ray are 1.620 and 1.518 respectively.
If the refracting angle of the flint prism is 6.0°, what would be the refracting angle of crown prism?

H 3. Three thin prisms are combined as shown in figure. The refractive indices
of the crown glass for red, yellow and violet rays are µr, µy and µv
respectively and those for the flint glass are µr, µy and µv respectively.
Find the ratio A/A for which (a) there is no net angular dispersion, and
(b) there is no net deviation in the yellow ray.

RESONANCE 63
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Note : * Marked questions are MCQ.
SECTION (A) : PLANE MIRROR
A 1. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an angle 600. If a ray of light incident on the first mirror is
parallel to the second mirror, it is reflected from the second mirror
(A) Perpendicular to the first mirror (B) Parallel to the first mirror
(C) Parallel to the second mirror (D) Perpendicular to the second mirror

A 2. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle  as shown in the figure. Light ray is
incident parallel to one of the mirrors. The ray will start retracing its path
after third reflection if :
(A)  = 45°
(B)  = 30°
(C)  = 60°
(D) all three
A 3.* Two plane mirrors are parallel to each other and spaced 20 cm apart. An object is kept in between them
at 15 cm from A. Out of the following at which point(s) image(s) is/are not formed in mirror A (distance
measured from mirror A):
(A) 15 cm (B) 25 cm (C) 45 cm (D) 55 cm
A 4. A point object is kept in front of a plane mirror. The plane mirror is doing SHM of amplitude 2 cm. The plane
mirror moves along the x-axis and x- axis is normal to the mirror. The amplitude of the mirror is such that the
object is always infront of the mirror. The amplitude of SHM of the image is
(A) zero (B) 2 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 1 cm
A 5. A person’s eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands in front of a 0.3m long plane mirror which is 0.8 m above the
ground. The length of the image he sees of himself is:
(A) 1.5m (B) 1.0m (C) 0.8m (D) 0.6m
A 6. A person is standing in a room of width 200 cm. A plane mirror of vertical length 10 cm is fixed on a wall
in front of the person. The person looks into the mirror from distance 50 cm. How much width (height)
of the wall behind him will he be able to see: (assume that he uses the full mirror)
(A) 30 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 50 cm (D) none of these

A 7. An unnumbered wall clock shows time 04: 25: 37, where 1st term represents hours, 2nd represents
minutes & the last term represents seconds. What time will its image in a plane mirror show.
(A) 08: 35: 23 (B) 07: 35: 23 (C) 07: 34: 23 (D) none of these

A 8. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4 î  5 ĵ  8 k̂ . A point object in front of the mirror moves with a

velocity 3 î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ . Here k̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing towards the object.
The velocity of the image is:
(A)  3î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ (B) 3î  4 ĵ  11k̂ (C)  3 î  4 ĵ  11k̂ (D) 7 î  9 ĵ  11k̂

A 9. Images of an object placed between two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces make an angle of 900 with
one another lie on a :
(A) straight line (B) zig-zag curve (C) circle (D) ellipse

SECTION (B) : SPHERICAL MIRROR

B 1. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm forms image of the sun. The diameter of the sun subtends
an angle 1º on the earth. Then the diameter of the image is (in cm):
(A) 2 /9 (B) /9 (C) 20 (D) /18

B 2.* The image (of a real object) formed by a concave mirror is twice the size of the object. The focal length of the
mirror is 20 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is (are)
(A) 10 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 25 cm (D) 15 cm

RESONANCE 64
B 3. An object of height 1 cm is kept perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of radius of
curvature 20 cm. If the distance of the object from the mirror is 20 cm then the distance between tips
of the image and the object will be:

6404 6414 40
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
9 9 3
B 4. An object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The distance between
the mirrors is 22.5 cm. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. What should be the
distance of the object from the concave mirror so that after two successive reflections the final image
is formed on the object itself: [Consider first reflection from concave mirror]
(A) 5 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 7.5 cm
B 5. A square ABCD of side 1mm is kept at distance 15 cm in front of the
concave mirror as shown in the figure. The focal length of the mirror is
10 cm. The length of the perimeter of its image will be :

(A) 8 mm (B) 2 mm (C) 12 mm (D) 6 mm

B 6. In the figure shown find the total magnification after two successive
reflections first on M1 & then on M2

(A) + 1
(B) – 2
(C) + 2
(D) – 1

B 7. A luminous point object is moving along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm towards
it. When its distance from the mirror is 20 cm its velocity is 4 cm/s. The velocity of the image in cm/s at that
instant is
(A) 6, towards the mirror (B) 6, away from the mirror
(C) 9, away from the mirror (D) 9, towards the mirror.
B 8.* In the figure shown consider the first reflection at the plane mirror and second at the convex mirror. AB
is object.

velocity

.
A B
. C
.
10cm 10cm
120cm
50cm

(A) the second image is real, inverted of 1/5 th magnification

(B) the second image is virtual and erect with magnification 1/5
(C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror
(D) the second image moves away from the convex mirror.
B 9. A particle is moving towards a fixed spherical mirror. The image:
(A) must move away from the mirror
(B) must move towards the mirror
(C) may move towards the mirror
(D) will move towards the mirror, only if the mirror is convex.
B 10. A point object on the principal axis at a distance 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
20 cm has velocity 2 mm/s perpendicular to the principal axis. The velocity of image at that instant will
be:
(A) 2 mm/s (B) 4 mm/s (C) 8 mm/s (D) 16 mm/s

B 11. A point object at 15 cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is made to oscillate along
the principal axis with amplitude 2 mm. The amplitude of its image will be
(A) 2 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 8 mm (D) 16 mm

RESONANCE 65
B 12. The distance of an object from the focus of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 'a' is
'b'. Then the distance of the image from the focus is:
(A) b2 / 4a (B) a / b2 (C) a2 / 4b (D) 4b / a2
B 13. The largest distance of the image of a real object from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm can be:
(A) 20 cm (B) infinite (C) 10 cm (D) depends on the position of the object
B 14.* Which of the following statements are incorrect for spherical mirrors.
(A) a concave mirror forms only virtual images for any position of real object
(B) a convex mirror forms only virtual images for any position of a real object
(C) a concave mirror forms only a virtual diminished image of an object placed between its pole and
the focus
(D) a convex mirror forms a virtual magnified image of an object placed between its pole and the
focus.
B 15. Which of the following can form erect, virtual, diminished image?
(A) plane mirror (B) concave mirror
(C) convex mirror (D) none of these
B 16.  is the image of a point object O formed by spherical mirror, then which of the following statement is
incorrect :
(A) If O and  are on same side of the principal axis, then they have to be on opposite sides of the mirror.
(B) If O and  are on opposite sides of the principal axis, then they have to be on same side of the mirror.
(C) If O and  are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they can be on opposite side of the mirror
as well.
(D) If O is on principal axis then  has to lie on principal axis only.
B 17. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave mirror and its real image is received on a screen
placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the focal length of the mirror, then the graph between
1/v versus 1/u is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

B 18. A real inverted image in a concave mirror is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

SECTION (C) : LAWS OF REFRACTION, REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACE AND T.I.R.

C 1. When a wave is refracted:
(A) its path must change (B) its amplitude must change
(C) its velocity must change (D) its frequency must change

C 2. The wavelength of light in vacuum is 6000 Aº and in a medium it is 4000 Aº. The refractive index of the
medium is:
(A) 2.4 (B) 1.5 (C) 1.2 (D) 0.67

C 3. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index n. If the angle of incidence is twice the
angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is:
(A) cos –1 (n/2) (B) sin–1 (n/2) (C) 2 cos –1 (n/2) (D) 2 sin–1 (n/2)

RESONANCE 66
C 4. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of incidence
is small, than the displacement in the incident and emergent ray will be:
t  (n 1) t t n
n 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
n n

C 5. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing angle on a slab with y

air
variable refractive index, n (y) = [k y3/2 + 1]1/2 where k = 1 m 3/2 and
follows path as shown. What is the total deviation produced by slab 1m Slab
when the ray comes out.
(A) 60º (B) 53º air x
1
(C) sin (4/9) (D) no deviation at all

C 6. A ray incident at a point at an angle of incidence of 600 enters a glass sphere of  = 3 and it is reflected and
refracted at the farther surface of the sphere. The angle between reflected and refracted rays at this surface is
(A) 500 (B) 900 (C) 600 (D) 400
C 7. How much water should be filled in a container of 21 cm in height, so that it appears half filled (of total
height of the container) when viewed from the top of the container ?
(Assume near normal incidence and  w=4/3)
(A) 8.0 cm (B) 10.5 cm (C) 12.0 cm (D) 14.0 cm

C 8. A beam of light is converging towards a point. A plane parallel plate

of glass of thickness t , refractive index  is introduced in the path
of the beam. The convergent point is shifted by (assume near normal
incidence):

 1  1
(A) t  1  away (B) t  1  away
   

 1  1
(C) t  1  nearer (D) t  1  nearer
   

Given that, velocity of light in quartz = 1.5  108 m/s and velocity of light in
18cm
C 9.
glycerine = (9/4)  108 m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerine
Glycerine Glycerine

as shown. The shift of the object produced by slab is Observer

Object
(A) 6 cm
(B) 3.55 cm 20cm

(C) 9 cm
(D) 2 cm
Quartz

C 10.* A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the plane surface of separation

between two media x & y with angle of incidence ‘i’ in the medium x and angle of
refraction ‘r’ in the medium y. The graph shows the relation between sin r and sin i.
(A) the speed of light in the medium y is (3)1/2 times then in medium x.
(B) the speed of light in the medium y is (1/3)1/2 times then in medium x.
(C) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in x.
(D) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in y.

C 11. The critical angle of light going from medium A to medium B is . The speed of light in medium A is v.
The speed of light in medium B is:

(B) v sin  (C) v cot  (D) v tan 

v
(A)
sin

RESONANCE 67
SECTION D : REFRACTION BY PRISM
D 1. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one refracting face of a prism of angle 750. It passes through the
prism and is incident on the other face at the critical angle. If the refractive index of the material of the prism
is 2, the angle of incidence on the first face of the prism is
(A) 300 (B) 450 (C) 600 (D) 00

D 2. A prism having refractive index 2 and refracting angle 30º, has one of the refracting surfaces polished.
A beam of light incident on the other refracting surface will retrace its path if the angle of incidence is:
(A) 0º (B) 30º (C) 45º (D) 60º
D 3. A ray of light is incident at angle i on a surface of a prism of small angle A & emerges normally from the
opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is , the angle of incidence i is
nearly equal to:
(A) A/ (B) A/(2 ) (C) A (D) A/2
D 4.* For the refraction of light through a prism
(A) For every angle of deviation there are two angles of incidence.
(B) The light travelling inside an isosceles prism is necessarily parallel to the base when prism is set for
minimum deviation.
(C) There are two angles of incidence for maximum deviation.

(D) Angle of minimum deviation will increase if refractive index of prism is increased keeping the outside
medium unchanged.
D 5.* An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 40º for two angles of incidence differing by 20º. The possible
angles of incidences are:
(A) 400 (B) 500 (C) 200 (D) 600
D 6. A beam of monochromatic light is incident at i = 500 on one face of an equilateral prism, the angle of
emergence is 400, then the angle of minimum deviation is:
(A) 300 (B) < 300 (C)  300 (D)  300
D 7.* For refraction through a small angled prism, the angle of deviation (ns < np)
(A) increases with the increase in R.. of the prism
(B) will be 2D for a ray of R.. 2.4 if it is D for a ray of R.. 1.2
(C) is directly proportional to the angle of the prism
(D) will decrease with the increase in R.. of a prism.

D 8. A prism of refractive index 2 has refracting angle 60º. Answer the following questions
(a) In order that a ray suffers minimum deviation it should be incident at an angle :
(A) 450 (B) 900 (C) 300 (D) none
(b) Angle of minimum deviation :
(A) 450 (B) 900 (C) 300 (D) none
(c) Angle of maximum deviation :
(A) 450 (B)sin-1 ( 2 sin150 ) (C) 300 +sin-1 ( 2 sin150 ) (D) none

D 9. For a glass prism ( = 2 ) the angle of minimum deviation is equal to the refracting angle of the prism. The
angle of the prism is:
(A) 800 (B) 450 (C) 600 (D) 900
D 10. The maximum refractive index of a material of a prism of apex angle 900 for which light will be transmitted is:
(A) 3 (B) 1.5 (C) 2 (D) None of these

D 11. A prism having an apex angle of 40 and refractive index of 1.50 is located in P
front of a vertical plane mirror as shown. A horizontal ray of light is incident
on the prism. The total angle through which the ray is deviated is
(A) 40 clockwise (B) 1780 clockwise
0
(C) 2 clockwise (D) 80 clockwise M

RESONANCE 68
SECTION (E) : REFRACTION BY SPHERICAL SURFACE
E 1. There is a small black dot at the centre C of a solid glass sphere of refractive index . When seen from
outside, the dot will appear to be located:
(A) away from C for all values of  (B) at C for all values of 

(C) at C for  = 1.5, but away from C for   1.5 (D) at C only for 2  1.5.
E 2. The image for the converging beam after refraction through the curved surface is formed at:


40 40 180
(A) x = 40 cm (B) x = cm (C) x = cm (D) x = cm
3 3 7
E 3. A planoconcave lens is placed on a paper on which a flower is drawn. How far above its actual position
does the flower appear to be ?

(A) 10 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 50 cm (D) none of these

E 4. A beam of diameter ‘ d ‘ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown. If the
radius of curvature of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to d, then the
diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere will be:
3 d 2
(A) d (B) d (C) (D) d
4 3 3

E 5*. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical interface as shown

in the figure. P P  is the principal axis, 1 and 2 are the refractive
indices of medium of incidence and medium of refraction respectively.
Then:
(A) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of real object
(B) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image of virtual object
(C) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a virtual image of virtual object
(D) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a real image of real object

SECTION (F) : LENS

F 1. A convexo - concave diverging lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24 cm. Radius of
curvature for one surface is double that of the other. Then radii of curvature for the two surfaces are (in cm):
(A) 6, 12 (B) 12, 24 (C) 3, 6 (D) 18, 36
F 2. Two symmetric double convex lenses A and B have same focal length, but the radii of curvature differ so that,
RA = 0.9 RB. If nA = 1.63, find nB.
(A) 1.7 (B) 1.6 (C) 1.5 (D) 4/3

F 3. When a lens of power P (in air) made of material of refractive index  is immersed in liquid of refractive
index 0. Then the power of lens is:
 1   0   0 P
  0  1   1 0
(A) P (B) P (C) . (D) none of these

RESONANCE 69
F 4. A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and a diverging lens in water. The refractive index of the
material is (refractive index of water = 1.33)
(A) equal to unity (B) equal to 1.33
(C) between unity and 1.33 (D) greater than 1.33
F 5. The diameter of the sun subtends an angle of 0.50 at the surface of the earth. A converging lens of f o c a l
length 100 cm is used to provide an image of the sun on to a screen. The diameter in mm of the image formed
is nearly
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 9
F 6. A thin lens of focal length f and its aperture diameter d, forms a real image of intensity I. Now the central part
of the aperture upto diameter (d/2) is blocked by an opaque paper. The focal length and image intensity would
change to :
(A) f/2, I/2 (B) f, I/4 (C) 3f/4, I/2 (D) f, 3I/4
F 7. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut into three parts, as shown in
the figure. Power of A is:
P P
(A) 2 P (B) (C) (D) P
2 3
F 8. In the figure given below, there are two convex lens L1 and L2 having focal
length of f1 and f2 respectively. The distance between L1 and L2 will be

(A) f1 (B) f2 (C) f1 + f2 (D) f1 - f2

F 9.* Which of the following cannot form real image of a real object ?
(A) concave mirror (B) convex mirror (C) plane mirror (D) diverging lens

F 10. An object is placed at a distance u from a converging lens and its real image is received on a screen placed
at a distance of v from the lens. If f is the focal length of the lens, then the graph between 1/v versus 1/u is:
1/v

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1/u

F 11. A virtual erect image by a diverging lens is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

F 12. What should be the value of distance d so that final image is formed on
the object itself. (focal lengths of the lenses are written on the lenses).

(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these

F 13.* The values of d1 & d2 for final rays to be parallel to the principal axis
are: (focal lengths of the lenses are written above the respective lenses)

(A) d1 = 10 cm, d2 = 15 cm (B) d1 = 20 cm, d2 = 15 cm

(C) d1 = 30 cm, d2 = 15 cm (D) None of these

RESONANCE 70
F 14.* An object O is kept infront of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm
behind which there is a plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens.
(A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right of it
(B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
(C) the final image is real
(D) the final image is virtual.

F 15. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm.
The object is at 15 cm from the lens. The length of the image is:
(A) 1 mm (B) 4 mm (C) 2 mm (D) 8 mm

F 16. A biconvex lens is used to project a slide on screen. The slide is 2 cm high and 10 cm from the lens. The
image is 18 cm high. What is the focal length of the lens?
(A) 9 cm (B) 18 cm (C) 4.5 cm (D) 20 cm

F 17. The minimum distance between a real object and its real image formed by a thin convex lens of focal
length f is
(A) 4f (B) 2f (C) f (D) f/2

SECTION (G) : COMBINATION OF THIN LENS/LENS AND MIRRORS.

G 1.* The radius of curvature of the left & right surface of the concave
lens are 10 cm & 15 cm respectively. The radius of curvature of
the mirror is 15 cm.

(A) equivalent focal length of the combination is -18 cm

(B) equivalent focal length of the combination is +36 cm
(C) the system behaves like a concave mirror
(D) the system behaves like a convex mirror.
G 2. A plano-convex lens, when silvered at its plane surface is equivalent to a concave mirror of focal length
28 cm. When its curved surface is silvered and the plane surface not silvered, it is equivalent to a
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, then the refractive index of the material of the lens is:
(A) 9/14 (B) 14/9 (C) 17/9 (D) none
G 3. In the above question the radius of curvature of the curved surface of plano-convex lens is :
280 180 39 280
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 7 3 11

3
G 4. Two plano-convex lenses each of focal length 10 cm & refractive index are placed as shown. In
2
 4
the space left, water  R. I.  is filled. The whole arrangement is in air. The optical power of the
3
system is (in diopters):

(A) 6.67 (B) - 6.67 (C) 33.3 (D) 20

G 5. The focal length of a plano-concave lens is  10 cm, then its focal length when its plane surface is
polished is:
(A) 20 cm (B)  5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) none of these

RESONANCE 71
G 6.* If a symmetrical biconcave thin lens is cut into two identical halves. They are placed in
different ways as shown:

(A) three images will be formed in case (i) (B) two images will be formed in the case (i)
(C) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 1 (D) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 2

G 7. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm are mounted coaxially
separated by a distance d cm. If the power of the combination is zero, d is equal to
(A) 45 (B) 30 (C) 15 (D) 5

SECTION (H) : DISPERSION OF LIGHT

H 1. The dispersion of light in a medium implies that :
(A) lights of different wavelengths travel with different speeds in the medium
(B) lights of different frequencies travel with different speeds in the medium
(C) the refractive index of medium is different for different wavelengths
(D) all of the above.

H 2. Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for

(A) red (B) green (C) yellow (D) violet

H 3. A plane glass slab is placed over various coloured letters. The letter which appears to be raised
the least is:
(A) violet (B) yellow (C) red (D) green

H 4. A medium has nv = 1.56, nr = 1.44. Then its dispersive power is:

(A) 3/50 (B) 6/25 (C) 0.03 (D) none of these

H 5. All the listed things below are made of flint glass. Which one of these have greatest dispersive power
().
(A) prism (B) glass slab (C) biconvex lens (D) all have same 

H 6. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is incident at small angle on a prism of apex angle 4º. The prism has
nv = 1.5 & nr = 1.48. The angle of dispersion produced by the prism in this light is:
(A) 0.2º (B) 0.08º (C) 0.192º (D) none of these

H 7.* A narrow beam of white light goes through a slab having parallel faces
(A) The light never splits in different colours
(B) The emergent beam is white
(C) The light inside the slab is split into different colours
(D) The light inside the slab is white

H 8.* By properly combining two prisms made of different materials, it is possible to

(A) have dispersion without average deviation (B) have deviation without dispersion
(C) have both dispersion and average deviation (D) have neither dispersion nor average deviation

RESONANCE 72
 PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. A plane mirror 50 cm long, is hung on a vertical wall of a room, with its lower edge 50 cm above the
ground. A man stands infront of the mirror at a distance 2 m away from the mirror. If his eyes are at a
height 1.8 m above the ground, find the length (distance between the extreme points of the visible
region) of the floor (perpendicular to the mirror), visible to him reflected from the mirror.
2. A fluorescent lamp of length 1 m is placed horizontally at a x
depth of 1.2 m below a ceiling. A plane mirror of length 0.6 m is 1.2m
placed below the lamp parallel to and symmetric to the lamp at 1m
a distance 2.4 m from it. Find the length (distance between 2.4m
the extreme points of the visible resion along x-axis) of the
reflected patch of light on the ceiling. 0.6m

3. Two spherical mirrors (convex & concave) having the same focal
length of 36 cm are arranged so that their optical axes coincide.
The separation between the mirrors is 1 m. At what distance from
the concave mirror should an object be placed so that its images
formed by the concave and convex mirrors independently are
identical in size?

4. A burning candle is placed in front of a concave spherical mirror on its principal optical axis at a distance of
(4/3)F from the pole of the mirror (here F is the focal length of the mirror). The candle is arranged at right
angles to the axis. The image of the candle in the concave mirror impinges upon a convex mirror of focal
length 2 F. The distance between the mirrors is 3F and their axes coincide. The image of the candle in the
first mirror plays the part of a virtual object with respect to the second mirror and gives a real image arranged
between the two mirrors. Plot this image and calculate the total linear magnification of the system.
5. A convex mirror and a concave mirror each of focal length f are placed coaxially. They are separated by
4f and their reflecting surfaces face each other. An object is kept on the principle axis at a distance x
from the concave mirror such that final image after two reflections, first on the concave mirror, is on the
object itself. Find x in terms of f.
6. A concave mirror forms the real image of a point source lying on the optical axis at a distance of 50 cm
from the mirror. The focal length of the mirror is 25 cm. The mirror is cut in to two & its halves are
drawn a distance of 1 cm apart in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. How will the images
formed by the halves of the mirror be arranged?
7. A cylindrical vessel, whose diameter and height both are equal to 30 cm, is
placed on a horizontal surface and a small particle P is placed in it at a distance
of 5.0 cm from the centre. An eye is placed at a position such that the edge of
the bottom is just visible (see figure). The particle P is in the plane of drawing.
Up to what minimum height should water be poured in the vessel to make the
particle P visible?

8. A pole of length 2.00 m stands half dipped in a swimming pool with water level 1 m higher than the bed.
The refractive index of water is 4/3 and sunlight is coming at an angle of 37° with the vertical. Find the
length of the shadow of the pole on the bed. [Use sin–1 (0.45) = 26.8°, tan(26.8°) = 0.5]
9. A fly F is sitting on a glass slab S 45cm thick & of refractive
index 3/2. The slab covers the top of a container C containing
water (R.I. 4/3) upto a height of 20 cm. Bottom of container is
closed by a concave mirror M of radius of curvature 40 cm. Locate
the final image formed by all refractions & reflection assuming
paraxial rays.
10. A fish is rising up vertically inside a pond with velocity 4 cm/s, and notices a bird, which is diving
vertically downward & its velocity appears to be 16 cm/s (to the fish). What is the real velocity of the
diving bird, if refractive index of water is 4/3.

RESONANCE 73
11. A glass porthole is made at the bottom of a ship for observing sea life. The hole diameter
D = 40 cm is much larger than the thickness of the glass. Determine the area S of the field of vision at
the sea bottom for the porthole if the refractive index of water is µw = 1.4 and the sea depth is h = 5 m.
12. A container contains water upto a height of 20 cm and there is a point source at the centre of the
bottom of the container. A rubber ring of radius r floats centrally on the water. The ceiling of the room is
2.0 m above the water surface. (a) Find the radius of the shadow of the ring formed on the ceiling if r =
15 cm. (b) Find the maximum value of r for which the shadow of the ring is formed on the ceiling.
Refractive index of water = 4/3.
13. See the figure.

Find the distance of final image formed by mirror

14. (i) Light is incident from glass to air. The variation of the angle of
deviation  with the angle of .incidence i for 0 < i < 90° is
shown. Find the values of x,y and z, (in terms of critical angle
C), shown in the figure.
 3  4
Light is incident from glass     to water     . Find
 2  3
(ii)

the range of the angle of deviation for which there is only one
angle of incidence for one deviation.
15. A light ray, going through a prism with the angle of prism 60°, is found to deviate by 30°. What limit on
the refractive index can be put from these data?
16. In an experiment performed with a 60º prism where angle of minimum deviation for sodium light is 60°
in air. The following observations were done. When sodium light enters at one face at grazing incidence
from a certain liquid, it emerges from the other face (in air) at 60° from the normal to edge of the prism.
Are the observations correct.
17. A hemispherical portion of the surface of a solid glass sphere (µ = 1.5) of radius r is silvered to make
the inner side reflecting. An object is placed on the axis of the hemisphere at a distance 3r from the
centre of the sphere. The light from the object is refracted at the unsilvered part, then reflected from the
silvered part and again refracted at the unsilvered part. Locate the final image formed.
18. A converging lens of focal length 15 cm and a converging mirror of focal length 10 cm are placed 50 cm
apart with common principal axis. A point source is placed in between the lens and the mirror at a
distance of 40 cm from the lens. Find the locations of the two images formed.
19. An object O is kept in air and a lens of focal length 10 cm (in air) is kept at the
bottom of a container which is filled upto a height 44 cm by water. The refractive
index of water is 4/3 and that of glass is 3/2. The bottom of the container is
closed by a thin glass slab of refractive index 3/2. Find the position of the final
image formed by the system.

20. The focal lengths of a convex lens for red, yellow and violet rays are 100 cm, 98 cm and 96 cm respectively.
Find the dispersive power of the material of the lens.

21. A thin prism of angle 6.0°,  = 0.07 and µy = 1.50 is combined with another thin prism having
 = 0.08 and µy = 1.60. The combination produces no deviation in the mean ray. (a) Find the angle of the
second prism. (b) Find the net angular dispersion produced by the combination when a beam of white light
passes through it. (c) If the prisms are similarly directed, what will be the deviation in the mean ray? (d) Find
the angular dispersion in the situation described in (c).

RESONANCE 74
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Note : * marked questions are MCQ.
1.* A flat mirror M is arranged parallel to a wall W at a distance L from it. The wall
light produced by a point source S kept on the wall is reflected by the w
S
mirror and produces a light patch on the wall. The mirror moves with velocity L V
v towards the wall. M
(A) The patch of light will move with the speed v on the wall.
(B) The patch of light will not move on the wall.
(C) As the mirror comes closer the patch of light will become larger and shift away from the wall with
speed larger then v.
(D) The size of the light patch on the wall remains the same.
2. An object is placed 30 cm (from the reflecting surface) in front of a block of glass 10 cm thick having its
farther side silvered. The image is found to be at 23.2 cm behind the silvered face, by an observer
infront of the block. The refractive index of glass is :
(A) 1.41 (B) 1.46 (C) 200/ 132 (D) 1.61
3. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence 45º as shown
in the figure. After reflection, the ray passes through a prism of refractive
index 1.50, whose apex angle is 4º. The angle through which the mirror
should be rotated if the total deviation of the ray is to be 90º is :
(A) 10 clockwise (B) 10 anticlockwise
(C) 20 clockwise (D) 20 anticlockwise

4. W hen the object is at distances u 1 & u 2 the images formed by the same lens are real and virtual
respectively and of the same size. Then focal length of the lens is:
1 u1  u2
(A) u1u2 (B) (C) u1u2 (D) 2 (u 1 + u 2)
2 2
5.* A man wants to photograph a white donkey as a Zebra after fitting a glass with black streaks onto the lens
of his camera.
(A) The image will look like a white donkey on the photograph.
(B) The image will look like a Zebra on the photograph
(C) The image will be more intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
(D) The image will be less intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
6. A beam of white light is incident on hollow prism of glass. Then :
(A) the light emerging from prism gives no dispersion
(B) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum but the bending i(
of all colours is away from base. ht
e lig
whit
(C) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colours
bend towards base, the violet the most and red the least.
(D) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colours
bend towards base, the violet the least and red the most.
7. A light ray  is incident on a plane mirror M. The mirror is rotated in
the direction as shown in the figure by an arrow at frequency 9/
rps. The light reflected by the mirror is received on the wall W at a
distance 10 m from the axis of rotation. When the angle of incidence
becomes 37º the speed of the spot (a point) on the wall is:

(A) 10 m/s (B) 1000 m/s (C) 500 m/s (D) None of these
8.* Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other with their reflecting faces making acute angle. A light ray is
incident on one plane mirror. The total deviation after two successive reflections is:
(A) independent of the initial angle of incidence
(B) independent of the angle between the mirrors
(C) dependent on the initial angle of incidence
(D) dependent on the angle between the mirrors.

RESONANCE 75
9.* An equiconvex lens of refractive index n2 is placed such that the refractive
index of the surrounding media is as shown. Then the lens:
(A) must be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(B) must be converging if n2 is greater than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(C) may be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
(D) will neither be diverging nor converging if n2 is equal to arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
10. Two plane mirrors of length L are separated by distance L and a man
M2 is standing at distance L from the connecting line of mirrors as
shown in figure. A man M1 is walking in a straight line at distance 2 L
parallel to mirrors at speed u, then man M2 at O will be able to see
image of M1 for time:
4L 3L
(A) (B)
u u
6L 9L
(C) (D)
u u

11. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air. A spherical boundary
of radius of curvature 1.0 m separates two media. AB is principal axis.
The refractive index above AB is 1.6 and below AB is 2.0. The separation
between the images formed due to refraction at spherical surface is:

(A) 12 m (B) 20 m (C) 14 m (D) 10 m

12.* In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air on the
principal axis. The radius of curvature of the spherical surface
is 60 cm. If is the final image formed after all the refractions
and reflections.60 If

(A) If d1 = 120 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ for any value of d2.
(B) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ only if d2 = 360 cm.
(C) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ is formed on ‘ O ‘ for all values of d2.
(D) If d1 = 240 cm, then the ‘ If ‘ cannot be formed on ‘ O ‘.
13. In the figure shown a thin parallel beam of light is incident on a plane mirror
m1 at small angle ‘’. m2 is a concave mirror of focal length ‘f’. After three
successive reflections of this beam the x and y coordinates of the image is :

(A) x = f – d, y = f (B) x = d + f , y = f
(C) x = f – d, y = – f (D) x = d – f , y = – f
14. The distance between an object and its doubly magnified image by a concave mirror is:
[ Assume f = focal length ]
(A) 3 f/2 (B) 2 f/3
(C) 3 f (D) depends on whether the image is real or virtual.
15. In the figure shown, the image of a real object is formed at point . AB
is the principal axis of the mirror. The mirror must be:
(A) concave & placed towards right of 
(B) concave & placed towards left of 
(C) convex & placed towards right of 
(D) convex & placed towards left of .
16*. An object is kept on the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm at a distance of 10 cm
from the pole. The object starts moving at a velocity 20 mm/sec towards the mirror at angle 30º with the
principal axis. What will be the speed of its image & direction with the principal axis at that instant.
7 5 7
(A) speed = 5 mm/sec (B) speed = mm/sec
4 2

(C) tan 1(

2
) with the principal axis (D) none of these
3

RESONANCE 76
17. M1 & M2 are two concave mirrors of the same focal length 10
cm. AB & CD are their principal axes respectively. A point object
O is kept on the line AB at distance 15 cm from M1. The
distance between the mirrors 20 cm. Considering two
successive reflections first on M1 and then on M2. The distance
of final image from the line AB is:

(A) 3 cm (B) 1.5 cm (C) 4.5 cm (D) 1 cm

18. A parallel beam of light is incident on the upper part of a prism

of angle 1.8º & R.I. 3/2. The light coming out of the prism falls
on a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The distance
of the point (where the rays are focused after reflection from
the mirror) from the principal axis is:

(A) 9 cm (B) 1.5 7 mm (C) 3.14 mm (D) none of these

19. A symmetrical converging convex lens of focal length 10 cm & diverging

concave symmetrical lens of focal length  20 cm are cut from the
middle & perpendicularly and symmetrically to their principal axis. The
parts thus obtained are arranged as shown in the figure. The focal
length of this arrangement will be:

(A)  (B) 20 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 80 cm

20. An object ' O ' is kept in air in front of a thin plano convex lens of radius
of curvature 10 cm. It's refractive index is 3/2 and the medium towards
right of plane surface is water of refractive index 4/3. What should be
the distance ' x ' of the object so that the rays become parallel finally.

(A) 5 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 20 cm (D) none of these

21. For a prism of apex angle 450, it is found that the angle of emergence is 450 for grazing incidence.
Calculate the refractive index of the prism.
(A) (2)1/2 (B) (3)1/2 (C) 2 (D) (5)1/2

22. The angular dispersion produced by a small angle prism placed in air :
(A) increases if the average refractive index of the prism increases
(B) increases if the average refractive index decreases
(C) remains constant whether the average refractive index increases or decreases
(D) has no relation with average refractive index

23.* Which of the following quantities related to a lens depend on the wavelength of the incident light?
(A) power (B) focal length
(C) chromatic aberration (D) radii of curvature

RESONANCE 77
 PART - I : MATCH THE COLUMN

Image Distance
1. A small particle is placed at the pole of a concave mirror and then 1 1
moved along the principal axis to a large distance. During the motion, 2
the distance between the pole of the mirror and the image is measured.
The procedure is then repeated with a convex mirror, a concave lens 4
and a convex lens. The graph is plotted between image distance versus 3
object distance. Match the curves shown in the graph with the mirror
or lens that is corresponding to it. (Curve 1 has two segments)
Lens/Mirror Curve Object Distance
(a) Converging lens (P) 1
(b) Converging Mirror (Q) 2
(c) Diverging Lens (R) 3
(d) Diverging Mirror (S) 4
2. Consider the convex lens shown in figure :

–
A B
+
F1 O F2

Here O is the optic center, F1 the first principal focus and F2 the second principal focus.
(AF1 = F1O & OF2 = F2B)
(A) Object lies (J) Image size is (P) Image lies between O & B
between - & F1 magnified
(B) Object lies (K) Image size is (Q) Image does not lie between O & B
between A and O diminished
(C) Object lies (L) Image is inverted (R) Image lies between - & F2
between F1 & +
(D) Object does not (M) Image is erect (S) Image lies between F2 & +
lie between A and O
3. Column-I gives certain situations regarding a point object and its image formed by an optical instrument. The
possible optical instruments are concave and convex mirrors or lenses as given in Column-II. Same side of
principal axis means both image and object should either be above the
principal axis or both should be below the principal axis as shown in
figure. Same side of optical instrument means both image and object
should be either left of the optical instrument or both should be on right
of the optical instrument as shown in figure. Match the statements in
column-I with the corresponding statements in column-II .
Column I Column II
(A) If point object and its image are on same side of (p) Concave mirror
principal axis and opposite sides of the optical
instrument then the optical instrument is
(B) If point object and its image are on opposite side (q) Convex mirror
of principal axis and same sides of the optical
instrument then the optical instrument is
(C) If point object and its image are on same side (r) Concave lens
of principal axis and same sides of the optical
instrument then the optical instrument is
(D) If point object and its image are on opposite side (s) Convex lens
of principal axis and opposite sides of the optical
instrument then the optical instrument is

RESONANCE 78
 PART - II : ASSERTION / REASON
4. STATEMENT-1 : A ray is incident from outside on a glass sphere surrounded by air as shown. This ray
may suffer total internal reflection at second interface.

First Second
interface interface

glass
Incident sphere
air
ray

STATEMENT 2 : For a ray going from denser to rarer medium, the ray may suffer total internal reflection.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

5. STATEMENT – 1: A white parallel beam of light is incident on a plane

glass- vacuum interface as shown. The beam may not undergo dispersion
after suffering deviation at the interface (The beam is not incident normally
on the interface.)

STATEMENT – 2: Vacuum has same refractive index for all colours of white light.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

6. STATEMENT-1 : A point object moves near the principal axis of a fixed spherical mirror along a straight
line. Then the image formed by the spherical mirror also moves along a straight line.
STATEMENT-2 : For an incident ray on a fixed spherical mirror there is a fixed reflected ray. If a point
object moves along this incident ray, its image will always lie on the given reflected ray. Further an
incident ray can be drawn from the moving point object in its direction of velocity towards the mirror.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

7. STATEMENT-1 : A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates two media of refractive index n1 and n2
as shown. If an object O (a thin small rod) is placed upright on principal axis at a distance R from pole (i.e.,
placed at centre of curvature), then the size of image is same as size of object.

STATEMENT-2 : If a point object is placed at centre of curvature of spherical surface separating two media of
different refractive index, then the image is also formed at centre of curvature, i.e., image distance is equal to
object distance.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

RESONANCE 79
 PART - III : COMPREHENSIONS
COMPREHENSION # 1
(Read the following passage and answer the questions numbered 8 to 12. They have only one
correct option)
CHROMATIC ABERRATION
The image of a white object in white light formed by a lens is usually coloured and blurred. This defect
of image is called chromatic aberration and arises due to the fact that focal length of a lens is different
for different colours. As R.I.  of lens is maximum for violet while minimum for red, violet is focused
nearest to the lens while red farthest from it as shown in figure.
As a result of this, in case of convergent lens if a screen is placed at FV centre of the image will be
violet and focused while sides are red and blurred. While at FR, reverse is the case, i.e., centre will be
red and focused while sides violet and blurred. The difference between f V and f R is a measure of the
longitudinal chromatic aberration (L.C.A), i.e.,
L.C.A. = f R – f V = – df with df = f V – f R ............(1)
However, as for a single lens,
1 1 
 (  1) 
1
 ............(2)
f  R1 R 2 

 1 1 
  d  
df
  ...........(3)
 R1 R 2 
2
f
Dividing Eqn. (3) by (2) ;
d  d 
    
df
 = dispersive power
(  1)   1) 
........(4)
f  (
And hence, from Eqns. (1) and (4),
L.C.A. = –df = f
Now, as for a single lens neither f nor  can be zero, we cannot have a single lens free from chromatic
aberration.
Condition of Achromatism :
In case of two thin lenses in contact

=  
df1 df2
 
1 1 1

dF
i.e.,
F f1 f2 F f2 2 f12 2

The combination will be free from chromatic aberration if dF = 0


df1 df2
i.e., =0
f12 f22
which with the help of Eqn. (4) reduces to
1f1  2 f2 1 2
 =0 i.e., 
f12 f22 f1 f2 = 0 ...........(5)

This condition is called condition of achromatism (for two thin lenses in contact) and the lens combination
which satisfies this condition is called achromatic lens, from this condition, i.e., from Eqn. (5) it is
clear that in case of achromatic doublet :
(1) The two lenses must be of different materials.

Since, if 1 = 2 , f  f  0
1 1 1
i.e., = 0 or F=
1 2 F
i.e., combination will not behave as a lens, but as a plane glass plate.
(2) As 1 and 2 are positive quantities, for equation (5) to hold, f 1 and f 2 must be of opposite nature, i.e.
if one of the lenses is converging the other must be diverging.
(3) If the achromatic combination is convergent,

 C = C ,  < 
f
fC < fD and as fD D C D

i.e., in a convergent achromatic doublet, convex lens has lesser focal length and dispersive power than
the divergent one.

RESONANCE 80
8. Chromatic aberration in the formation of images by a lens arises because :
(A) of non-paraxial rays. (B) the radii of curvature of the two sides are not same.
(C) of the defect in grinding. (D) the focal length varies with wavelength.
9. Chromatic aberration of a lens can be corrected by :
(A) providing different suitable curvatures of its two surfaces.
(B) proper polishing of its two surfaces.
(C) suitably combining it with another lens.
(D) reducing its aperture.
10. A combination is made of two lenses of focal lengths  and  in contact ; the dispersive powers of the
materials of the lenses are  and . The combination is achromatic when :
(A)  = 0,  = 20,  = 2 (B)  = 0,  = 20,  = /2
(C)  = 0,  = 20,  = –/2 (D)  = 0, = 20,  = – 2
11. The dispersive power of crown and flint glasses are 0.02 and 0.04 respectively. An achromatic converging
lens of focal length 40 cm is made by keeping two lenses, one of crown glass and the other of flint
glass, in contact with each other. The focal lengths of the two lenses are :
(A) 20 cm and 40 cm (B) 20 cm and –40 cm (C) –20cm and 40 cm (D) 10 cm and –20cm
12. Chromatic aberration in a spherical concave mirror is proportional to :
(A)  (B) 2 (C) 1/ (D) None of these

COMPREHENSION # 2
(Read the following passage and answer the questions number 13 to 17. They have only one
correct option)
The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye
and hence can alter the effective focal length of the system. When the
muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is maximum. When the
muscles are strained the curvature of lens increases (that means radius
of curvature decreases) and focal length decreases. For a clear vision
the image must be on retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for
clear vision and it equals the distance of retina from eye-lens. It is
about 2.5 cm for a grown-up person.
A person can theoretically have clear vision of objects situated at any large distance from the eye. The
smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible focal length. The
ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown-up person minimum distance
of object should be around 25 cm.
A person suffering for eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of spectacles is to
form the image of the objects within the range in which person can see clearly. The image of the
spectacle-lens becomes object for eye-lens and whose image is formed on retina.
The number of spectacle-lens used for the remedy of eye defect is decided by the power of the lens
required and the number of spectacle-lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of lens with
100
sign. For example power of lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length cm) then number
3
of lens will be +3.
For all the calculations required you can use the lens formula and lens maker's formula. Assume that
the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between eye lens and the spectacle lens.
13. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal person is
25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
14. Maximum focal length of eye lens of normal person is
25 25
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) cm (D) cm
9 11
15. A nearsighted man can clearly see object only upto a distance of 100 cm and not beyond this. The
number of the spectacles lens necessary for the remedy of this defect will be.
(A) +1 (B) – 1 (C) + 3 (D) – 3

RESONANCE 81
16. A farsighted man cannot see object clearly unless they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The number
of the spectacles lens that will make his range of clear vision equal to an average grown up person
(A) + 1 (B) – 1 (C) + 3 (D) – 3
17. A person who can see objects clearly from distance 10 cm to , then we can say that the person is
(A) Normal sighted person (B) Near-sighted person
(C) Far-sighted person (D) A person with exceptional eyes having no eye defect

PART - IV : FILL IN THE BLANKS

18. Fill in the blanks :
1 1
The graph between and for a concave mirror is as shown in given figure(where v and u are the co-
v u
ordinates of image and object w.r.t. pole with usual sign convention).

Based on the given information fill in the blanks.

(i) The graph does not pass through a particular quadrant.It implies that a concave mirror does not form
_________(Real/virtual) image of a ________ (Real/virtual) object.

(ii) (a) Point. A represents that the object is ___________(Real/Virtual) and the image is ___________(Real/
Virtual).
(b) Point A represents that |u| is ________ (larger,/smaller) than |v| and hence image size is _______(
larger/smaller) than the size of object.

(iii) Point B represents that the object is ___________(Real/Virtual) and the image is ___________(Real/
Virtual).

(iv) Point B represents that |u| is ________ (larger,/smaller) than |v| and hence image size is _______( larger/
smaller) than the size of object.

(v) As we move from point C to D in the graph , the ______(real/virtual) object moves from _____to______.and
the ________(real/virtual) image moves from ______to______.Show this movement in a diagram.

PART - V : TRUE / FALSE

19. State true / false :
(i) S1 : A ray is incident on spherical mirror at an angle  = 30° with principal axis, then reflected ray must make
an angle  = 30° with principal axis.
(ii) S2 : A point object moves in front of a spherical mirror along a straight line. Then the velocity of its image is
always in opposite direction of velocity of the object if and only if the object moves along principal axis.
(iii) S3 : If a point virtual object lies at focus of convex lens, then its image is formed at infinite distance from
optical centre of lens.
(iv) S4 : For a point object moving in front of a plane mirror, the component of relative velocity of object and its
image parallel to plane of mirror is zero.
(v) S5 : A particle moves towards the pole of a converging lens. The image moves away from lens wherever is the
position of the object. (except at focus)
(vi) S6: A biconvex lens may work as diverging lens.

RESONANCE 82
 JEE PROBLEMS (LAST 10 YEARS)
A thin equiconvex lens of glass of refractive index  = 3/2 & of
0.9m 0.8m
1.
focal length 0.3 m in air is sealed into an opening at one end
of a tank filled with water ( = 4/3). On the opposite side of
the lens, a mirror is placed inside the tank on the tank wall

Mirror
perpendicular to the lens axis, as shown in figure. The separation
between the lens and the mirror is 0.8 m. A small object is placed
outside the tank infront of the lens at a distance of 0.9 m from
the lens along its axis. Find the position (relative to the lens) of
the image of the object formed by the system .[ JEE ' 97, 5/100]

2. [ JEE '98 3/200 Each]

(i) A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal table, with its axis directed vertically upwards. Let O be
the pole of the mirror and C its centre of curvature. A point object is placed at C. It has a real image,
also located at C. If the mirror is now filled with water, the image will be:
(A) real, & will remain at C
(B) real, & located at a point between C and 
(C) virtual, & located at a point between C and O
(D) real, & located at a point between C and O
(ii) A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium falls on a surface separating the medium from air at
an angle of incidence of 45º. The ray undergoes total internal reflection. If n is the refractive index of
the medium with respect to air, select the possible value(s) of n from the following:
(A) 1.3 (B) 1.4 (C) 1.5 (D) 1.6
(iii) A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates air (refractive index 1.0) from glass (refractive
index 1.5). The centre of curvature is in the glass. A point object P placed in air is found to have a
real image Q in the glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at a point O and PO = OQ. The distance PO
is equal to:
(A) 5 R (B) 3 R (C) 2 R (D) 1.5 R

3. A prism of refractive index n1 and another prism of refractive index n2

are stuck together without a gap as shown in the figure. The angles
of the prisms are as shown. n1 and n2 depend on , the wavelength of
10.8  10 4 1.80  10 4
light according to n1 = 1.20 + and n2 = 1.45 +
2 2
where  is in nm. . [JEE '98, (2 + 6)/200]
(i) Calculate the wavelength  0 for which rays incident at any angle on the interface BC pass
through without bending at that interface.
(ii) For light of wavelength  0, find the angle of incidence i on the face AC such that the deviation
produced by the combination of prisms is minimum.

4. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has both surfaces of same radius of curvature R. On
immersion in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a [ JEE ’99, 2/100 ]
(A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5R (B) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R.
(C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R (D) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R

5. The x-y plane is the boundary between two transparent media. Medium-1 with z > 0 has refractive
index 2 and medium -2 with z < 0 has a refractive index 3  A ray of light in medium-1 given by the

vector A = 6 3 i + 8 3 j  10 k is incident on the plane of separation. Find the unit vector in the
direction of refracted ray in medium  2. [ JEE ’99, 10/100 ]

RESONANCE 83
6. A quarter cylinder of radius R and refractive index 1.5 is placed on a
table. A point object P is kept at a distance of mR from it. Find the
value of m for which a ray from P will emerge parallel to the table as
shown in the figure. [ JEE '99, 5/100 ]

7. Two symmetric double-convex lenses L1 & L2 with their radii of curvature 0.2 m each are made from
glasses with refractive index 1.2 & 1.6 respectively. The lenses with a separation of 0.345 m are
submerged in a transparent liquid medium with a refractive index of 1.4. Find the focal lengths of lenses
L1 & L2. An object is placed at a distance of 1.3 m from L1, find the location of its image while the whole
system remains inside the liquid. [ REE ’99, 5/100 ]
8. [JEE '2000 (Screening) 3/105 Each]
(a) A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle ,
falls symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of
the two extreme rays are equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is t and
the refractive index n, then the divergence angle of the emergent beam is

(A) zero (B)  (C) sin1(1/n) (D) 2sin1(1/n)

(b) A rectangular glass slab ABCD, of refractive index n1, is immersed

in water of refractive index n2(n1> n2). A ray of light is incident at the
surface AB of the slab as shown. The maximum value of the angle
of incidence max, such that the ray comes out only from the other
surface CD is given by

 n1  1 n2    1 1 
(A) sin 1  n cos  sin n  (B) sin 1 n1 cos  sin 
n2 
 2  1   
 n1   n2 
(C) sin 1  n  (D) sin 1  n 
 2  1
(c) A point source of light B is placed at a distance L in front of the centre
of a mirror of width d hung vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of
the mirror along a line parallel to the mirror at a distance 2L from it as
shown. The greatest distance over which he can see the image of the
light source in the mirror is
(A) d/2 (B) d (C) 2d (D) 3d
(d) A hollow double concave lens is made of very thin transparent material. It can be filled with air or either
of two liquids L1 or L2 having refractive indices n1 and n2 respectively (n2 > n1 > 1). The lens will diverge
a parallel beam of light if it is filled with
(A) air and placed in air. (B) air and immersed in L1.
(C) L1 and immersed in L2. (D) L2 and immersed in L1.
9. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm and a concave mirror of focal length
30 cm are kept with their optic axes PQ and RS parallel but separated in
vertical direction by 0.6 cm as shown. The distance between the lens
and mirror is 30 cm. An upright object AB of height 1.2 cm is placed on
the optic axis PQ of the lens at a distance of 20 cm from the lens. If A
B is the image after refraction from the lens and reflection from the
mirror, find the distance A B from the pole of the mirror and obtain its
magnification. Also locate positions of A and B  with respect to the
optic axis RS. [ JEE 2000 Mains 6/100 ]
10. [ JEE 2001 (Screening 3/105 Each ]
(i) A given ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral
prism P Additional prisms Q and R of identical shape and of
the same material as P are now added as shown in the figure.
The ray will now suffer.
(A) greater deviation (B) no deviation
(C) same deviation as before (D) total internal reflection

RESONANCE 84
(ii) A ray of light passes through four transparent media with
refractive indices 1, 2, 3 & 4 as shown in the figure. The
surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray CD is
parallel to the incident ray AB, we must have:

(A) 1 = 2 (B) 2 = 3
(C) 3 = 4 (D) 4 = 1
11. [ JEE 2001 (Mains) 5/100 Each ]
(i) The refractive indices of the crown glass for blue and red lights are 1.51 & 1.49 respectively and those
of the flint glass are 1.77 & 1.73 respectively. An isosceles prism of angle 6º is made of crown glass.
A beam of white light is incident at a small angle on this prism. The other flint glass isosceles prism is
combined with the crown glass prism such that there is no deviation of the incident light. Determine the
angle of the flint glass prism. Calculate the net dispersion of the combined system.
(ii) A thin biconvex lens of refractive index 3/2 is placed on a horizontal plane mirror as shown in the figure.
The space between the lens and the mirror is then filled with water of refractive index 4/3. It is found
that when a point object is placed 15 cm above the lens on its principal axis, the object coincides with
its own image. On repeating with another liquid, the object and the image again coincide at a distance
25 cm from the lens. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid.

12. [ JEE Screening 2002, 3/105 Each]

(i) Two plane mirrors A & B are aligned parallel to each other, as shown in
the figure. A light ray is incident to an angle of 30º at a point just inside
one end of A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the
figure. The maximum number of times the ray undergoes reflections
(including the first one) before it emerges out is:

(A) 28 (B) 30 (C) 32 (D) 34

(ii) An observer can see through a pinhole the top end of a thin rod of height
h, placed as shown in the figure. The beaker height is 3h and its radius
h. When the beaker is filled with a liquid up to a height 2h, he can see
the lower end of the rod. Then the refractive index of the liquid is:

5 5 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
(iii) Which one of the following spherical lenses does not exhibit dispersion? The radii of curvature
of the surface of the lenses are as given in the diagrams.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

13. [ JEE 2003 (Screening) 3/90 Each] air

µ=1
(i) In ray of light (CH) is incident on the glass-water interface DC F
a
E
water
µ=4/3
at an angle 'i'. It emerges in air along the water-air interface EF
(see figure). If the refractive index of water µw is 4/3, the refractive
w

index of glass µg is :
D C
H
(

glass i
3 1 4 sin i 4 µg= ?
(A) 4 sin i (B) sin i (C) (D) 3 sin i G
3 A B

RESONANCE 85
(ii) A thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm forms an image 2 cm high, of an object at infinity. A thin
concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed 26 cm from the convex lens on the side of the image. The
height of the image now is :
(A) 1.0 cm (B) 1.25 cm (C) 2 cm (D) 2.5 cm
14. A meniscus lens is made of a material of refractive index 2. Both its
surfaces have radii of curvature R. It has two different media of refractive
indices 1 and 3 respectively, on its two sides (shown in the figure).
Calculate its focal length for 1 < 2 < 3, when light is incident on it as
shown [ JEE 2003 (Mains) 2/60 ]
15. A point object is situated at the centre of a solid glass sphere of radius 6cm and refractive index 1.5 . The
distance of its virtual image from the surface of the sphere is. [ JEE 2004 (Scr.) 3/84 ]
(A) 4 cm (B) 6 cm (C) 9 cm (D) 12 cm
16. An equilaterial prism is kept on a horizontal surface. A typical ray of light
PQRS is shown in the figure. For minimum deviation
(A) the ray PQ must be horizontal
(B) the ray RS must be horizontal
(C) the ray QR must be horizontal
(D) any one of them can be horizontal [ JEE 2004 (Scr.), 3/84 ]
17. A ray of white light is incident on an interface between glass and air from glass towards air. The angle of
incidence is such that the green light just suffers total internal reflection. The ray of light emerging from glass
to air contains: [ JEE 2004 (Scr.), 3/84 ]
(A) red, orange and yellow colours (B) violet, indigo and blue colour
(C) all colours (D) all colours except green

18. A ray of light in air is incident on face AB of an irregular block

made of material with refractive index 2 , as shown in figure. The
face CD opposite to AB is a spherical surface of radius of curva-
ture 0.4 m. From this face the refracted ray enters a medium of
refractive index 1.514 and meets the axis PQ at point E. Deter
mine the distance OE correct to two decimal places.
[ JEE 2004 (Mains) 2/60 ]

19. An object is placed at a distance of 0.4 m from a lens having focal length 0.3 m. The object is moving towards
the lens at a speed of 0.01 m/s. Find the rates of change of position of image and lateral magnification of
image. [ JEE 2004 (Mains) 4/60 ]

20. In the figure two triangular prisms are shown each of refractive index 3.
(a) Find the angle of incidence on the face AB for minimum deviation
from the prism ABC?
(b) Find the angle through which the prism DCE should be rotated about
the edge passing through point C so that there should be minimum
deviation from the system? [ JEE 2005 (Mains) 4/60 ]

21. A point object is placed at distance of 20 cm from a thin planoconvex lens of focal
length 15 cm. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The image created by
the system is at : [ JEE 2006, 3 /184 ]
(A) 60 cm to the left of the system. (B) 60 cm to the right of the system.
(C) 12 cm to the left of the system. (D) 12 cm to the right of the system.
v
22. The graph between object coordinate u and image coordinate v
for a lens is given below. The focal length of the lens is:

(A) 5 ± 0.1 +11

(B) 5 ± 0.05
(C) 0.5 ± 0.1
(D) 0.5 ± 0.05
+10
[ JEE 2006, 3 /184 ]
450
+9 u
–9 –10 –11

RESONANCE 86
23. A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then which option is correct:
(A) r2  f (B) r2  f2 [ JEE 2006, 3/184 ]
(C) If lower half part is convered by black sheet, then area of the image is equal to r2/2
(D) if f is doubled, intensity will increase
24. A ray of light traveling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence is , which is less
than the critical angle. Then there will be : [JEE - 2007' 3/81]
(A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray (B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(C) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be less than 180º – 2
(D) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than 180º – 2.
25. STATEMENT-1 [JEE - 2007' 3/81]
The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid only for mirrors whose sizes are very small
compared to their radii of curvature.
because
STATEMENT-2
Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces, but not for large spherical surfaces.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
26. Two beams of red and violet colours are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of the prism is 60º).
In the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be [JEE' 2008_, 3/163]
(A) 30º for both the colours (B) greater for the violet colour
(C) greater for the red colour (D) equal but not 30º for both the colours
27. A light beam is traveling from Region I to Region IV (Refer Figure). The refractive index in Regions I, II, III and
n0 n 0 n0
IV are n0, , and , respectively. The angle of incidence  for which the beam just misses entering
2 6 8
Region IV is [JEE' 2008_, 3/163]
Figure

3  1  1  1
(A) sin–1  4  (B) sin–1  8  (C) sin–1  4  (D) sin–1  3 
       
28. An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column I. The distance between
the object and the component can be varied. The properties of images are given in Column II. Match all the
properties of images from Column II with the appropriate components given in Column I. Indicate your
answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS. [JEE' 2008_, 3/163]
Column I Column II

(A) (p) Real image

(B) (q) Virtual image

(C) (r) Magnified image

(D) (s) Image at infinity

RESONANCE 87
 SECTION (D) :
Exercise # 1
D 1. 90º
PART - I
D 2. 37º, This deviation is not minimum.
SECTION (A) :
A 1. 120º anticlockwise and 240º clockwise. D 3.  = 60°
A 2. 30º clockwise. D 4. 38° = m = 2 sin1 (3/4)  60º
A 3. 60º
3
A 4. Mirror should be placed on the path of the rays D 5. (i) 1.5°, (ii)
8
at an  of 78º or 12° to the horizontal
A 5. (a) 1 ; (b) (4, 0) ; (c) No SECTION (E) :

A 6. (a) Position of image = (1 cos 60º, – 1 sin 60º) E 1. 240 cm away from the separating surface

(b) Velocity of image=(1 cos 60º î +1 sin 60º ĵ )m/ E 2. (a) 2, (b) not possible, it will focus close to
s the centre if the refractive index is large

SECTION (B) : E 3. 40 cm from pole in the medium of refractive index

1, virtual, erect and 4 cm in size.
245
B 1. infinitely large. B 2. cm = 61.25 cm E 4. 80 cm E 5. 50 cm
4
27
E 6. = 13.5 cm below the surface of water
3933 2
B 3. 10.35 cm = cm E 7. 8/3 mm, virtual at v = - 20, no inversion
380
B 4. 84 cm, 0.05 m B 5. 0.2 m from the mirror
SECTION (F) :

B 6. (a) 40 cm/s opposite to the velocity of object. F 1. 75 cm, 150 cm

F 2. ± 24 cm, ± 120 cm
(b) 20 cm/s opposite along the velocity of object.
F 3. 360 cm;  ; – 600 cm
B 7. 60 cm
SECTION (C) :
C 1. 2/3 × 10–8 sec
F 4. (a)
 1 1 
C 2. 3    cm = 9.9 mm, 45°
 2 7

C 3. 30 cm C 4. 25 cm.

68
C 5. 35 cm , Shift = 5 cm. C 6. cm
3 (b)

9
C 7. 0.9 cm above P C 8. cm = 2.25
4
cm F 5. Converging
R (R  h) h 2 µ3R µ1R
   1
C 9. (i) (ii) C 10. 2 F 6. (a) 2µ  µ  µ (b) 2µ  µ  µ
2 1 3 2 1 3

C 11. 45° C 12. m > 2 F 7. 20 cm, 1 m, –4, 24 cm

8 F 8. 0.3 m F 9. 1m
C 13.  > sin-1
9 F 10. 3 cm F 11. 28/75 = 0.37 cm
F 12. 15 cm

RESONANCE 88
F 13. 60 cm from the lens further away from the mirror SECTION (F) :
F 1. (A) F 2. (A) F 3. (C)
F 14. 1.67 cm from the lens F 4. (C) F 5. (D) F 6. (D)
F 7. (D) F 8. (C) F 9. (B),(C), (D)
91
F 15. = 30.33 cm from the lens F 10. (B) F 11. (D) F 12. (A)
3 F 13. (A), (B), (C) F 14. (B), (C) F 15. (B)
F 16. 1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of F 16. (A) F 17. (A)
concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from
the s ide of the convex lens and the SECTION (G) :
corresponding ratio of intensities are 1/4 and 4. G 1. (A), (C) G 2. (B) G 3. (A)
G 4. (A) G 5. (C) G 6. (A), (C)
SECTION (G) : G 7. (D)
G 1. 10 D , Optical power of each lens = 5 D.
SECTION (H) :
G 2. 10 cm for convex lens and 60 cm for concave H 1. (D) H 2. (D) H 3. (C)
lens H 4. (B) H 5. (D) H 6. (D)
G 3. 75 cm H 7. (B), (C) H 8. (A), (B), (C)
G 4. (a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis (b) 1.14 cm
towards the lens Exercise # 2
SECTION (H) :
PART - I
1
H 1. (a) = 0.2° (b) 0.72° SECTION (A) :
5
45
H 2. 7.2° 1. 1.73 m = m 2. 3m
26
2(µv  µr ) 2(µ y  1) SECTION (B) :
H 3. (a) µ   µ  , (b) µ   1 –6

3  3 f
v r y 3. 86 cm 4.

5.
PART - II 6. At a distance of 50 cm from the mirror & 2 cm
SECTION (A) : from each other
A 1. (B) A 2. (B) A 3. (C) SECTION (C) :
 10 23 
A 4. (C) A 5. (D) A 6. (C)
A 7. (C) A 8. (B) A 9. (C)  
7.  23  3  cm = 26.7 cm 8. 1.25 m
 
SECTION (B) :
B 1. (D) B 2. (A), (B) B 3. (A)  135 
  cm = 22.5 cm below the upper surface
 6 
B 4. (B) B 5. (C) B 6. (C) 9.
B 7. (C) B 8. (B), (C) B 9. (C)
B 10. (B) B 11. (C) B 12. (C) of the glass slab
B 13. (A) B 14. (A), (C), (D) B 15. (C) 10. 9 cm/s
B 16. (C) B 17. (B) B 18. (A)
  15649 5 
2
SECTION (C) :
 
h
  = 
D    m2
  2 1 2 
11.
C 1. (B) C 2. (B) C 3. (C)  600 6
C 4. (A) C 5. (D) C 6. (B)  w 
C 7. (D) C 8. (A) C 9. (A) = 88.35 m 2
C 10. (B), (D) C 11. (A)
169
SECTION D : 12. (a) m = 2.8 m
60
D 1. (B) D 2. (C) D 3. (C)
D 4. (C), (D) D 5. (A), (D) D 6. (B) 3
D 7. (A), (C) D 8. (a) (A), (b) (C), (c) (C) (b) m = 22.6 cm
5 7
D 9. (D) D 10. (C) D 11. (B)
13. 16 cm on the right side of the mirror.
SECTION (E) :
E 1. (B) E 2. (A) E 3. (A) 14. (i) x = C, y = 90º–C, z = 180º– 2C
E 4. (D) E 5. (A), (C) 8
(900 – sin–1 ) to (1800 – 2sin–1 )
8
(ii)
9 9

RESONANCE 89
SECTION (D) :
PART - V
2
15.  µ  2 16. No
3 19. (i) F (ii) F (iii) F (iv) T (v) F (vi) T
SECTION (E) :
17. At the pole of reflecting surface of the sphere Exercise # 4
SECTION (F) : PART - I
18. One at 15 cm and the other at 24 cm from the
lens away from the mirror 1. 90 cm from the lens towards right
2. (i) D (ii) C, D (iii) A
19. 90 cm 3. (i)  0 = 600 nm, n = 1.5
SECTION (G) : (ii) i = sin1 (0.75) = 48.59º
4. (A)
49
20. = 0.041
1200
5.
 =
r
3i + 2 2 j  1 k (angle of
21. (a) 5° (b) 0.03° (c) 6° (d) 0.45° 5 2 5 2
incidence = 60º, r = 45º)
PART - II 6. m = 4/3
7. f 1 =  70 cm, f 2 = 70 cm, V = 560 cm to the
1. (B), (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) right of L2
4. (B) 5. (A), (D) 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (A), (D) 8. (a) B (b) A (c) D (d) D
9. (A), (B), (D) 10. (C) 11. (A) 9. A B at 15 cm to the right of mirror. B is 0.3 cm
12. (A), (B) 13. (D) 14. (A) above RS & A is 1.5 cm below RS. Magnification
15. (B) 16. (B), (C) 17. (B) is –1.5
18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C) 10. (i) C (ii) D
21. (D) 22. (A) 11. (i) A = 4º,  = 0.04 (ii) n = 8/5 = 1.6
23. (A),(B),(C)
12. (i) B (ii) B (iii) C 13. (i) B (ii) D
3 R
Exercise # 3
( 3   1 )
14. f = 15. B
PART - I 16. C 17. A
1. (a) P (b) P (c) Q (d) Q 18. OE = 6.06 m
dv dm
2. (a) L, S (b) J, Q (c) M, R (d) K, P 19. = 0.09 m/s; = – 0.3 sec–1
dt dt
3. (A) p, q (B) p, q (C) r, s (D) r, s
20. (a) i = 60°(b) 60°
PART - II 21. (C) 22. (B)
23. (B) 24. (C)
4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (D)
25. (C) 26. A 27. B
28. (A)  (p,q,r,s), (B)  (q),
PART - III (C)  (p,q,r,s), (D)  (p,q,r,s)
8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (D)
11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (D)
14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (C)
17. (D)
PART - IV
18. (i) virtual, virtual
(ii) (a) real object, virtual image
(b) smaller, larger
(iii) virtual object, Real image
(iv) larger, smaller

F
to 
C
(v)
Movement Movement
of Object of image

real, 2f, infinity : real,2f , f

RESONANCE 90
 PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle 70º. A ray incident on one mirror at angle after reflection
falls on the second mirror and is reflected from there parallel to the first mirror.  is :
(A) 50º (B) 45º (C) 30º (D) 55º
2. The figure shows two small plane mirrors A & B of equal length x. The width
of mirrors perpendicular to the plane of figure is same and negligible. If the
power of image formed by mirror A is P then the power of image formed by
mirror B will be : :
(A) p cos3  (B) p cos
p
(D) p cos2 
cos 
(C)

3. A mirror of length L moves horizontally as shown in the figure with a

velocity v. The mirror is illuminated by a point source of light ‘P’ placed L V
on the ground. The rate at which the length of the light spot on the
ground increases is : P

ground
(A) v (B) zero (C) 2v (D) 3v

4. An object and a plane mirror are as shown in figure. Mirror is moved Object (fixed) V
with velocity V as shown. The velocity of image is : 
//////////////////////////
Mirror
(A) 2 V sin (B) 2 V (C) 2V cos (D) none of these

5. The view in the figure is from above a plane mirror 11.5º

///
//////

suspended by a thread connected to the centre Normal to the mirror

//////

of the mirror at point A. A scale is located 0.75 m in its intial position.

//////

(the distance from point A to point P) to the right Initial Position

of the mirror .
//////

of the centre of the mirror. Initially, the plane of

30º
/
//////

the mirror is parallel to the side of the scale; and A P

//////

the angle of incidence of a light ray which is 0.75m

directed at the centre of the mirror is 30º. A small
//////
//////

torque applied to the thread causes the mirror to

turn 11.5° away from its initial position. The
reflected ray then intersects the scale at point Q. Q

The distance from point P to point Q on the scale is

(A) 1.00 m (B) 0.56 m (C) 1.02 m (D) 0.86 m.

6. A particle is moving towards a fixed convex mirror. The image also moves. If Vi = speed of image and VO =
speed of the object, then
(A) Vi VO if |u| < |F| (B) Vi > VO if |u| > |F|
(C) Vi < VO if |u| > |F| (D) Vi = VO if |u| = |F|

7. If m1 and m2 be the magnifications for two positions of the lens between the object and the screen, and d
the distance between the two positions of the lens, the focal length of the lens is

 
 m 1  m2 
(A)   

d m 1m2
 (B) m  m (C) m 1  m 2 d (D)
 d  1 2 d2

RESONANCE 91
8. In the figure below a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is
shown. An object O is placed in front of this mirror. Its ray diagram is
shown. How many mistakes are there in the ray diagram (AB is its
principal axis):

(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

9. In the figure M1 and M2 are two fixed mirrors as shown. If the object ' O'
moves towards the plane mirror, then the image I (which is formed
after two successive reflections from M1 & M2 respectively) will move
(A) towards right (B) towards left
(C) with zero velocity (D) cannot be determined

10. A point object ' O ' is at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The mirror starts to move with speed
u, in a direction perpendicular to the principal axis. Then the initial velocity of the image is:
(A) 2 u, in the direction opposite to that of mirror's velocity
(B) 2 u, in the direction same as that of mirror's velocity
(C) zero
(D) u, in the direction same as that of mirror's velocity.
11. The position of a real point object and its point image are as shown in
the figure. AB is the principal axis. This can be achieved by using:
(A) convex mirror (B) concave mirror
(C) concave mirror only (D) convex mirror only

12. A linear object AB is placed along the axis of a concave mirror.

The object is moving towards the mirror with speed V. The speed
of the image of the point A is 4 V and the speed of the image of B
is also 4V. If centre of the line AB is at a distance L from the mirror
then length of the object AB will be A B

3L 5L 4L
(A) (B) (C) L (D)
2 3 3

13. A concave mirror of focal length 2 cm is placed on a glass slab

as shown in the figure. Then the image of object O formed due
to reflection at mirror and then refraction by the slab:
(A) will be virtual and will be at 2 cm from the pole of
the concave mirror
(B) will be virtual and formed on the pole of the mirror
(C) will be real and on the object itself
(D) none of these
14. A bird is flying up at an angle sin1 (3/5) with the horizontal. A fish in a pond looks at that bird when it is
vertically above the fish. The angle at which the bird appears to fly (to the fish) is : [ nwater = 4/3 ]
(A) sin1 (3/5) (B) sin1 (4/5) (C) 45º (D) sin1 (9/16)
15. In the previous question if the object moves towards right with a velocity of 10 m/s then the velocity of the final
image will be :
(A) 16 m/s towards left (B) 9 m/s towards right
(C) 10 m/s towards right (D) 11 m/s towards right
16. The figure shows a parallel slab of refractive index n2 which is surrounded by media of refractive indices n1 and
n3. Light is incident on the slab at angle of incidence  ( 0). The time taken by the ray to cross the slab is
‘t1’ if incidence is from ‘n1’ and it is ‘t2’ if the incidence is from ‘n3’. Then assuming that n2 > n1, n2 > n3 and
n3 > n1, then value of t1/t2.

(A) = 1 (B) > 1 (C) < 1 (D) cannot be decided

RESONANCE 92
17. In the figure shown an object ‘AB’ makes small angle with the normal line
‘PQ’. The length of ‘AB’ is  . The refractive index of the slab is ‘n’ and the
surrounding medium is air. ‘AB’ is seen with the help of paraxial rays, from
the left side of the slab. The size of the image of AB is
 1
(D)   1  

(C)  
 
(A)  (B)


18. Given that, velocity of light in quartz = 1.5  108 m/s and velocity of light in
glycerine = (9/4)  108 m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerine
as shown. What is the shift produced by slab?

(A) 6 cm (B) 3.55 cm (C) 9 cm (D) 2 cm

19. The following figure represents a wavefront AB which passes from air to another transparent medium
and produces a new wavefront CD after refraction. The refractive index of the medium is (PQ is the
boundary between air and the medium).

air gok

A q1 q3
P Q
q2 q4 D medium ek/; e

cos 1 cos  4 sin 1 sin  2

(A) cos  (B) cos  (C) sin  (D) sin 
4 1 4 3

20. A man observes a coin placed at the bottom of a beaker which contains
two immiscible liquids of refractive indices 1.2 and 1.4 as shown in the
figure. A plane mirror is also placed on the surface of liquid. The distance 1.2 A 3 cm
of image (from mirror) of coin in mirror as seen from medium A of refractive
B 7 cm
index 1.2 by an observer just above the boundary of the two media is : 1.4 Coin

(A) 18 cm (B) 12 cm (C) 9 cm (D) none of these

21. A mango tree is at the bank of a river and one of the branch of tree extends over the river. A tortoise lives
in river. A mango falls just above the tortoise. The acceleration of the mango falling from tree appearing
to the tortoise is (Refractive index of water is 4/3 and the tortoise is stationary)
3g 4g
(A) g (B) (C) (D) None of these
4 3

 
22. Two mirrors, placed perpendicularly, form two sides of a vessel filled
with water. A light ray is incident on the water surface at an angle  and
/
///
///

///

emerges at an angle  after getting reflected from both the mirrors

///
///

///
///

///

inside. The relation between  and  is expressed as :

///

///
///

///
///

///
///

///
///

///
///

///
///

(A)  =  (B)  > 

///
//

(C)  <  (D) All are possible, depending upon .

RESONANCE 93
23. A small rod ABC is put in water making an angle 6° with vertical. If it is A
viewed paraxially from above, it will look like bent shaped ABC'. The 6°
 4
angle of bending (  CBC' ) will be in degree ..........  n w   B
 3 C'

C
(A) 2° (B) 3° (C) 4° (D) 4.5°

24. In the figure ABC is the cross section of a right angled prism and BCDE is
the cross section of a glass slab. The value of  so that light incident normally
on the face AB does not cross the face BC is (given sin–1 (3/5) = 37º)

(A)  37º (B) < 37º (C)  53º (D) < 53º
25. An opaque sphere of radius 'a' is just immersed in a transparent
liquid as shown in figure. A point source is placed on the vertical Point source
a/2
diameter of the sphere at a distance a/2 from the top of the sphere. air

One ray originating from the point source after refraction from the liquid
air liquid interface forms tangent to the sphere. The angle of refrac-
tion for that particular ray is 30º. The refractive index of the liquid is
a

2 3 4 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 5 5 7

26. A small air bubble is trapped inside a transparent cube of size 12 cm. When viewed from one of the
vertical faces, the bubble appears to be at 5 cm from it. When viewed from opposite face, it appears at
3 cm from it.
(A) The distance of the air bubble from the first face is 7.5 cm.
(B) The distance of the air bubble from the first face is 9 cm.
(C) Refractive index of the material of the prism is 2.0.
(D) Refractive index of the material of the prism is 1.5.
27. It is found that all electromagnetic signals sent from A towards
B reach point C. The speed of electromagnetic signals in glass
can not be :

(A) 1.0 × 108 m/s (B) 2.4 × 108 m/s (C) 2 × 107 m/s (D) 4 × 107 m/s

28. A parallel beam of light is incident normally on the flat surface

of a hemisphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5, placed
P
in air as shown in figure (i). Assume paraxial ray approximation.
P

figure (i) figure (ii)

(A) The rays are focussed at 12 cm from the point P to the right, in the situation as shown in figure
I
(B) The rays are focussed at 16 cm from the point P to the right , in the situation as shown in figure
I
(C) If the rays are incident at the curved surface (figure (ii)) then these are focused at distance 18
cm from point P to the right.
(D) If the rays are incident at the curved surface (figure (ii)) then these are focused at distance 14
cm from point P to the right.

RESONANCE 94
29. If a prism having refractive index 2 , has angle of minimum deviation equal to the angle of refraction of
the prism, then the angle of refraction of the prism is:
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º
30. A ray of light is incident on a face of equilateral triangle at an incident angle 50° At this angle minimum
deviation occurs. This deviation is
(A) 30 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) None of these
31. The image of the sun is obtained on a screen with a convex lens of diameter 3 cm and focal length 45 cm.
How many times will the intensity produced by sun’s image be greater than that coming directly from the sun
if the angular diameter of the sun is 30 minutes ?
(A) 450 (B) 288 (C) 576 (D) None
32. The focal length of a lens of refractive index 3/2 is 10 cm in air. The focal length of that lens in a medium
of refractive index 7/5 is:
(A)  70 cm (B) 10/7 cm (C) 70 cm (D) none of these
33. An object approaches a fixed diverging lens with a constant velocity from infinity along the principal
axis. The relative velocity between object and its image will be :
(A) increasing (B) decreasing
(C) first increases then decreases (D) first decreases and then increases.
34. From the figure shown establish a relation among , 1, 2, 3.

(A) 3 > 2 > 1 (B) 3 < 2 < 1

(C) 2 > 3 ; 3 = 1 (D) 2 > 1 ; 3 = 2
35. The distance between an object and the screen is 100 cm. A lens produces an image on the screen when the
lens is placed at either of the positions 40 cm apart. The power of the lens is nearly:
(A) 3 diopters (B) 5 diopters (C) 2 diopters (D) 9 diopters
36. White light travelling in air is refracted by water
(A) It is possible that dispersion does not take place.
(B) Dispersion necessarily takes place.
(C) Red colour has highest speed in water
(D) If light is dispersed than violet colour undergoes maximum deviation.

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. A U-shaped wire is placed before a concave mirror having radius of curvature 20 cm as shown in figure.
Find the total length of the image.
////

D
//

A
/////////

2cm
//////////////

C B
/////
//

5cm 15cm

2. (i) A paper weight of refractive index n = 3/2 in the form of a hemisphere of radius 3.0 cm is used
to hold down a printed page. An observer looks at the page vertically through the paperweight.
At what height above the page will the printed letters near the centre appear to the observer?
(ii) Solve the previous problem if the paperweight is inverted at its place so that the spherical
surface touches the paper.

RESONANCE 95
3. Two glasses with refractive indices of 1.5 & 1.7 are used to make two identical double-convex lenses.
(i) Find the ratio of their focal lengths.
(ii) How will each of these lenses act on a ray parallel to its optical axis if the lenses are submerged
into a transparent liquid with a refractive index of 1.6?

4. A hollow sphere of glass of R.. n has a small mark M on its

interior surface which is observed by an observer O from a
point outside the sphere. C is centre of the sphere. The inner M C
cavity (air) is concentric with the external surface and thickness air O
of the glass is everywhere equal to the radius of the inner
glass
surface. Find the distance by which the mark will appear nearer
than it really is, in terms of n and R assuming paraxial rays.
2R

4R

5. Two media each of refractive index 1.5 with plane parallel

boundaries are separated by 100 cm. A convex lens of focal
length 60 cm is placed midway between them with its principal
axis normal to the boundaries. A luminous point object O is
placed in one medium on the axis of the lens at a distance 125
cm from it. Find the position of its image formed as a result of
refraction thorough the system.

6*. Two converging lenses of the same focal length f are separated by distance 2 f. The axis of the second
lens is inclined at angle  with respect to the axis of the first lens. A parallel paraxial beam of light is
incident from left side on the lens. Find the coordinates of the final image with respect to the origin of
the first lens.

7. Two plane mirrors form an angle of 120°. The distance between the two images of a point source formed
in them is 20 cm. Determine the distance from the light source to the point where the mirrors touch if
it lies on the bisector of angle formed by the mirrors.
8. The angle of incidence of a light ray on a plane mirror is decreased by 15°. How much will the angle
between the incident and the reflected ray be decreased?
9. A kid of height 1.1 ft is sleeping straight between focus and centre of curvature along the principal axis
of a concave mirror of small aperture. His head is towards the mirror and is 0.5 ft from the focus of the
mirror. How a plane mirror should be placed so that the image formed by it due to reflected light from
concave mirror looks like a person of height 5.5 ft standing vertically. Draw the ray diagram. Find the
focal length of the concave mirror.
10. The average size of an Indian face is 24 × 16 cm 2. Find the minimum size of a plane mirror required to
see the face completely by: (i) one eyed man (ii) two eyed man. (Distance between eyes is = 4 cm)

11. A small piece of wood is floating on the surface of a  m deep lake. When the sun is vertically above the
piece its shadow is formed at A. When the sun is just setting the shadow of the piece is formed at B. If the
R.I. of water is 4/3 then find the distance between A and B.

RESONANCE 96
12. A beam of light is incident on a spherical drop of water at an angle i. Find the angle between the
incident ray & the emergent ray after one reflection from internal surface. Is this possible by total
internal reflection ?
13. The angle of minimum deviation from a prism is 60º. If the prism angle is 90º,find the refractive index of
the m aterial of the prism and the angle of inc idenc e requir ed for m inim um deviation.
Given that sin 75º = 0.96
14. A point object is 10 cm away from a plane mirror while the eye of an observer (pupil diameter
5.0 mm) is 20 cm away. Assuming both the eye and point to be on the same line perpendicular to the mirror,
the area of the mirror used in observing the reflection of the point is_____.
15. An object placed infront of a plane mirror is displaced by 0.4 m along a straight line at an angle of 300 to the
mirror plane. The change in the distance between the object and its image is _____

16. A source of light lies on the angle bisector of two plane mirror inclined at angle . Find the value(s) of  so
that the light reflected from one mirror does not reach the other mirror.
17. A Plane mirror revolves as shown at constant angular velocity making 2 rps about
its normal. With what velocity will the light spot move along a spherical screen of
radius of 10 m if the mirror is at the centre of curvature of the screen and the light is
incident from a fixed direction.

18. AB is a man of height 2 m and M is a mirror of length 0.5 m and mass 0.1kg.
Initially M and A are at the same level. M starts falling freely always remaining
vertical. If the level of the eyes of the man is 1.5 cm below A, the time after which
the man sees the reflection of his feet is______.

19. A point object infront of a plane mirror has velocity  2 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ and the mirror has velocity 3 î  2 ĵ  4k̂ .
The x-axis is along the normal of the plane mirror. Find the velocity of the image. ]
20. The internal surface of the walls of a sphere is specular (i.e. reflecting). The radius of the sphere is R = 36 cm.
A point source S is placed at a distance R/2 from the centre of the sphere and sends light to the remote part
of the sphere. Where will the image of the source be after two successive reflection from the remote part and
then the nearest wall of the sphere ? How will the position of the image change if the source sends light to the
nearest wall first ? Consider paraxial rays.
21. As shown in the figure, an object O is at the position (- 10, 2) with respect to
the origin P. The concave mirror M1 has radius of curvature 30 cm. A plane
mirror M2 is kept at a distance 40 cm infront of the concave mirror. Considering
first reflection on the concave mirror M1 and second on the plane mirror M2.
Find the coordinates of the second image w.r.t. the origin P.

22. A point source S is moving with a speed of 10 m/s in x-y plane as

shown in the figure. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is
4m. Determine the velocity vector of the image formed by paraxial rays.

23. In the figure shown AB is the principal axis of the concave mirror. A point object moves on the line PQ which
makes small angle ‘’ with the principal axis. Prove that the image also moves on a straight line (not PQ)
making the same angle ‘’ with the principal axis.

RESONANCE 97
24. A particle lies on the bottom of a tank T filled with water upto a height of 90
cm. The medium above the surface of water is of R.I. = 1.2 above which
there is mirror M. Beyond the mirror M the region contains air
( = 1). The distance of the image formed by the mirror after reflection of
the rays coming from P is __________ cm (w.r.t mirror).

25. A man is standing at the edge of a 1m deep swimming pool, completely

filled with a liquid of refractive index 3 / 2 . The eyes of the man are

3 m above the ground. A coin located at the bottom of the pool

appears to be at an angle of depression of 300 with reference to the
eye of man. Then horizontal distance (represented by x in the figure)
of the coin from the eye of the man is ____________ mm.

26. An object lies in front of a thick parallel glass slab, the bottom of which is polished. If the distance
between first two images formed by bottom surface is 4cm then find the thickness of the slab.
[Assume nglass = 3/2 and paraxial rays ]
27. A transparent solid cube of side ' a ' has refractive index 3/2. A point source of light is embedded in it at
its centre. Find the minimum area of the surface of the cube which must be painted black so that the
source is not visible from outside.
28. A beam of parallel rays of diameter ' b ' propagates in glass at an angle  to its plane. Find the diameter
of the beam when it goes to air through this face. (nglass = n)
29. A small ball is thrown from the edge of one bank of a river of width 100 m to just reach the other bank. The ball
was thrown in the vertical plane (which is also perpendicular to the banks) at an angle 37º to the horizontal.
Taking the starting point as the origin O, vertically upward direction as positive y-axis and the horizontal line
passing through the point O and perpendicular to the bank as x-axis find:
(a) equation of trajectory of the image formed by refraction by the water surface
(water surface is at the level y = 0)
(b) instantaneous velocity of the image formed due to refraction.
[ Use g = 10 m/s2, R. I. of water = 4/3 ]
30. Two concave mirrors each of focal length ‘f’ are placed infront of each
other co-axially at a distance of 4d in a medium of refractive index n0.
A plane glass slab of refractive index ‘n’ & thickness ‘d’ is placed at a
distance of ‘d’ from M1. A point object O is placed at a distance of ‘d’
from M2 as shown. Consider first reflection on M2, then refraction on
slab and then reflection from M1. Determine the distance of this image
after reflection from M1.
31. An observer observers a fish moving upwards in a cylindrical container of cross section area 1 m2 filled with
water up to a height of 5 m. A hole is present at the bottom of the container having cross section area 1/1000
m2. Find out the speed of the fish observed by observer when the bottom hole is just opened. (Given: The
fish is moving with the speed of 6 m/s towards the observer,  of water = 4/3)
32. In the figure the concave mirror has radius of curvature R. The image of ‘A’
is formed at A due to upper half mirror and image of ‘B’ is formed at B due
to lower half mirror. Find difference of x co-ordinates of A and B.

33. The figure shows the square front face (of side ‘a’) of a transparent cuboidal
block. The thickness or the third dimension of the block is negligible in
comparison to ‘a’. The block has uniform refractive index µ equal to 2. A
point sources S which can emit light in all directions can move inside the
block. It is desired that no light of ‘S’ should pass through AB. Sketch the
region in which S should be present to satisfy this condition.

RESONANCE 98
34. An insect at point ‘P’ sees its two images in the water-mirror system as
shown in the figure. One image is formed due to direct reflection from water
surface and the other image is formed due to refraction, reflection & again
refraction by water mirror system in order. Find the separation between the
two images. M has focal length 60 cm. (nw = 4/3)


35. A ray of light is incident on a surface in a direction given by vector A  2 î  2 ĵ  k̂ . The normal to that

surface passing through the point of incidence is along the vector N  ĵ  2k̂ . The unit vector in the

direction of reflected ray is given by R = a î  b ĵ  ck̂ . Find three equations in terms of a, b, c using
which we can find the values of a, b & c.
y
36. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing angle on a slab of 3m thickness air
with variable refractive index, n (y) = [k y3/2 + 1]1/2 where k = 1 m 3/2 and follows
path as shown. What is the total deviation produced by the slab when the ray 3m A Slab

1m
is at A (y = 1m), in degrees ? x
air

37. If the observer sees the bottom of vessel at 8 cm, find the refractive index
of the medium in which observer is present.

Q
38. A man starting from point P crosses a 4 km wide lagoon and Land
6km
reaches point Q in the shortest possible time by the path shown.
3km
If the person swims at a speed of 3 km/hr and walks at a speed of
4 km/hr, then his time of journey (in minutes) is ?
LAGOON
(Salt water lake)
(Salt lake)
4km

39. The faces of prism ABCD made of glass with a refractive Index n form dihedral
angles A = 90°,  B = 75°, C =135° & D = 60° ( The Abbe's prism ). A
beam of light falls on face AB & after total internal reflection from face BC
escapes through face AD. Find the range of n and angle of incidence  of the
beam onto face AB, if a beam that has passed through the prism in this manner
is perpendicular to the incident beam.
40. A point source of light is placed at a distance h below the surface of a large deep lake.
(a) show that the fraction f of the light energy that escapes directly from the water surface is indepen-

 n 2  1 where n is the index of refraction of water..

1 1
dent of h and is given by f =
2 2n
(Note: Absorption within the water and reflection at the surface; except where it is total, have been ne-
glected)
(b) ` Evaluate this ratio for n = 4/3.
41. A ray of light is incident from air to a glass rod at point A. The angle of incidence being 450.
The minimum value of refractive index of the material of the rod so that T.I.R. takes place at
B is _____.

RESONANCE 99
42. A triangular prism of glass is located inside water. A ray, incident normally, on one of the faces, is totally
reflected from face BC. Find refractive index of glass.

43. A glass hemisphere of refractive index 4/3 and of radius 4 cm is placed

on a plane mirror. A point object is placed on axis of this sphere at a
distance ' d ' from 0 as shown. If the final image is formed at infinity,
then find the value of ' d ' in cm.

44. A glass prism with a refracting angle of 600 has a refractive index 1.52 for red and 1.6 for violet light.
A parallel beam of white light is incident on one face at an angle of incidence, which gives minimum deviation
for red light. Find :
(a) the angle of incidence
(b) angular width of the spectrum
(c) the length of the spectrum if it is focussed on a screen by lens of focal length 100 cm.
[Use: sin (49.7º) = 0.760; sin (31.6º) = 0.520 ; sin (28.4º) = 0.475; sin (56º) = 0.832 ;  = 22/7]

45. The refractive index of a prism is  . The maximum angle of the prism for which a ray incident on
it will be transmitted through other face without total internal reflection is ______.

46. O is a point object kept on the principal axis of a concave mirror M of

radius of curvature 20 cm. P is a prism of angle  = 1.8 º. Light falling
on the prism (at small angle of incidence) get refracted through the
prism and then fall on the mirror. Refractive index of prism is 3/2. Find
the distance between the images formed by the concave mirror due to
this light.

47. Light travelling in air falls at an incidence angle of 2° on one refracting surface of a prism of refractive
index 1.5 and angle of refraction 4º. The medium on the other side is water (n = 4/3). Find the deviation
produced by the prism.

48. A ray of light passing through a prism having refractive index 2 suffers minimum deviation. It is found that
the angle of refraction within the prism is half the angle of incidence. What is the angle of prism?

49. In the figure shown L is a converging lens of focal length 10cm and M is a concave mirror of radius of curvature
20cm. A point object O is placed in front of the lens at a distance 15cm. AB and CD are optical axes of
the lens and mirror respectively. Find the distance of the final image formed by this system from the optical
centre of the lens. The distance between CD & AB is 1 cm.

RESONANCE 100
50. A stationary observer O looking at a fish F (in water of,  = 4/3) through a converging lens of focal length 90
cm. The lens is allowed to fall freely from a height 62.0 cm with its axis vertical. The fish and the observer
are on the principal axis of the lens. The fish moves up with constant velocity 100 cm/s. Initially it was at a
depth of 44.0 cm. Find the velocity with which the fish appears to move to the observer at t = 0.2 sec.
(g = 10 m/s2)

51. An object is kept at rest on the principal axis of a lens. Initially the object is at three times the focal length
' f ' of the lens. The lens runs towards the object at a constant speed u, until the distance between the object
and its real image becomes 4 f. If the image always forms on a moving screen then express the velocity of
a the screen as a function of time.

52. A convex lens produces an image of a candle flame upon a screen whose distance from candle is D.
When the lens is displaced through a distance x, (the distance between the candle and the screen is
kept constant), it is found that a sharp image is again produced upon the screen. Find the focal length
of the lens in terms of D and x.
53. The dispersive power of the material of a lens is 0.04 and the focal length of the lens is 10 cm. Find the
difference in the focal length of the lens for violet and red colour.

54. Select True/False

When a blue light is replaced by a red light, then for a convex lens the focal length will decrease.

RESONANCE 101
 
PART - I 22. Vi = Vix î + Viy ĵ = – 2 î – 4 ĵ
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B)
24. 150 cm 25. d = 4000 mm
4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (A), (C)
7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (A) 6a 2
26. t = 2 cm 27.
10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C) 5
13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C)
16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) b. 1n 2 cos2 
28. CD =
19. (C) 20. (B) 21. (C) sin
22. (A) 23. (A) 24. (B)
 x2 
(a) y =  x  
25. (D) 26. (A), (D) 27. (B)
100 
29.
28. (A), (D) 29. (D) 30. (B) 
31. (C) 32. (C) 33. (B)
  5 2 
i + 20  3  3 t  j
34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (A),(C),(D) 5 
(b) v (t)image = 20
3  
PART - II
 df  n  
1. 16 cm   d 1    4d  f
f d 
2. (i) No shift is observed (ii) 1 cm   n 0 
30. D=
 n 
 d1    4d  f
3. (i) 7/5 df
(ii) In this liquid the 1st lens will be diverging f d  n0 
& the 2nd a converging one
31. 4.4975 m/s
4. (n  1)R/(3n  1)
32. The difference between the x-coordinate of the two
5. 200 cm, w.r.t. lens images is zero.
F(1  2 cos  ) 20 33. If S is anywhere in the shaded region, the light
,0
1  cos 
6. 7. 11.5 cm =
3 rays from S will strike AB making an angle more
than critical angle.
8. By 30° 34. 24 cm.
35. a2 + b2 + c 2 = 1
9. f = 2 ft
3a + 4b + 2c = 0
10. (i) 12 × 8 cm2 (ii) 12 × 6 cm2
4
11. 3m b – 2c =
3
3 
 = 2i  4 sin1  sini  + , No 16
4 
12.
36. 45 37.
15
13.  = 0.96 2 = 1.35, i = 75° 38. 250 min.
r +=75°;=45° (geometry), c < 45°

39.
14. cm2 2 > n>2, 45° < < 90º (snells law)
144
15. 0.4 m 40. (b)(4 - 7)/8 41. 3/ 2
16.   1200
17. Since mirror will rotate 4 2
42. n> 43. 3 cm.
without changing its plane 3
[x-z plane of rotation]. 44. (a) 49.7º, (b) 56º – 49.7º = 6.3º (c) f= 11cm
So, velocity of image = 0
1 1 
45. 2 sin 46.cm. 47. 1°
18. 0.1 =0.32 s  20
48. Angle of prism = 90° 49. 626 cm
19. 8 î  3 ĵ  4k̂
50. 22.75 cm/s (upwards)
(i) Image will be at –
5R
20. from near end towards    
2
vi = u 1    
6 f
51.

  ut  2f  
source ; (ii) image will be at –
R
from remote end
f = (D2  X 2)/4D
2
Coordinates of I2 w.r.t. P = ( 46,  70)
52. 53. 4 mm 54. False
21.

RESONANCE 102