Problem Set 3
Problem Set 3
Instruction: Determine the general solution for each equation or particular solution if IVP
is given.
𝑑
∫(3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 7)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ((2𝑥 − 𝑦) − (∫(3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 7) 𝑑𝑥)) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑦
3 2 𝑑 3 2
𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 + 7𝑥 + ∫ ((2𝑥 − 𝑦) − ( 𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 + 7𝑥)) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
2 𝑑𝑦 2
3 2
𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 + 7𝑥 + ∫((2𝑥 − 𝑦) − (2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
2
3 2
𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 + 7𝑥 + ∫(−𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶
2
3 2 𝑦2
𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 + 7𝑥 − =𝐶
2 2
3 2 𝑦2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑥 − =𝐶
2 2
3 2 𝑦2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 − =𝐶
2 2
6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(2𝑥 3 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(2𝑥 3 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(2𝑥 3 + 𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑦 6𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 4 𝑦𝑥
= +
𝑑𝑦 6𝑦 2 6𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥4 𝑥
= 2+
𝑑𝑦 3𝑦 6𝑦
𝑆𝑤𝑎𝑝 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦4 𝑦
= 2+
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 6𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦4
− =
𝑑𝑥 6𝑥 3𝑥 2
𝑛=4
1
𝑄(𝑥) =
3𝑥 2
1
𝑃(𝑥) = −
6𝑥
1 3 𝑑𝑥 1
(1−4)𝑑𝑥
𝑒 ∫ −6𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫6𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫2𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln √𝑥 = √𝑥
1
𝑧 √𝑥 = ∫ (1 − 4) √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
3𝑥 2
𝑧 = 𝑦 −3
√𝑥 2
3
= +𝐶
𝑦 √𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑦 3 (2 + 𝐶 √𝑥)
3. (x + y -1 )dx + (2x + 2y + 1) dy = 0
Solve using Coefficients linear in the two variables
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏1 = 1
𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = 2
𝑎1 𝑎2
=
𝑏1 𝑏2
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦)
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
(𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 )𝑑𝑥 + [𝑘(𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦) + 𝑐2 ]𝑑𝑦 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + [2(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 1]𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦
(𝑢 − 1)(𝑑𝑢 − 𝑑𝑦) + (2𝑢 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢𝑑𝑢 − 𝑢𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑢𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢𝑑𝑢 − 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢 + (𝑢 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − ln(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2)3 = 𝐶
1 1
∫ 𝑃(𝑥)(1 − 𝑛)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − 2)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 −1
𝑥 𝑥
−1 1
𝑒 ln 𝑥 =
𝑥
𝑧 1 1
= ∫ (− 2 ) (1 − 2) ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑧 1
= ∫ ( 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
𝑧 1
=− 2+𝐶
𝑥 2𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑦 −1
1 1
=𝐶− 2
𝑥𝑦 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 3 𝑦𝐶 − 𝑥𝑦
𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘, 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 𝑣
2𝑣 2 = 2𝑣 3 𝑥𝐶 − 𝑣𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 ( ) (√2 ( ) + 1) = 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
2𝑦
𝑦√ +1=𝐶
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑣
2𝑣
𝑣√ +1=𝐶
𝑥
2𝑥 5 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦(3𝑥 4 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 5 𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑦𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 5 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 5 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑦4
𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥2
𝑦4
𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥2
𝑦4
( 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦)
𝑥2
=0
𝑦4
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
𝑥2 𝑦4
𝑥3 3𝑦 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑑 ( 2) =
𝑦 𝑦4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
∫ + ∫ 𝑑 ( )=𝐶
𝑥2 𝑦2
1 𝑥3
− + 2=𝐶
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 4 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝐶
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑥 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 𝑦
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
𝑀 = 2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦
𝑀𝑦 = 4𝑦 − 6𝑥
𝑁 = 8𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑥 2
𝑁𝑥 = 8𝑦 − 18𝑥
𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥
| 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑁
𝑀𝑦 − 𝑁𝑥
| 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝜇 = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑀
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠
𝑀 = 2𝑦 4 − 6𝑥𝑦 3
𝑀𝑦 = 8𝑦 3 − 18𝑥𝑦 2
𝑁 = 8𝑥𝑦 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2
𝑁𝑥 = 8𝑦 3 − 18𝑥𝑦 2
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝑑
𝐶 = ∫ 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (𝑁 − ∫ 𝑀𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑑
𝐶 = ∫(2𝑦 4 − 6𝑥𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ((8𝑥𝑦 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) − ∫(2𝑦 4 − 6𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑑
𝐶 = 2𝑦 4 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + ∫ ((8𝑥𝑦 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) − (2𝑦 4 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 )) 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝐶 = 2𝑦 4 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + ∫((8𝑥𝑦 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) − (8𝑦 3 𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )) 𝑑𝑦
𝐶 = 2𝑦 4 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + ∫ 0 𝑑𝑦
𝐶 = 2𝑦 4 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 3
𝐶 = 2𝑎4 𝑣 − 3𝑣 2 𝑎3
𝐼𝑉𝑃, x = 1 and y = 1
𝐶 = −1
−1 = 2𝑎4 𝑣 − 3𝑣 2 𝑎3
0 = 2𝑎4 𝑣 − 3𝑣 2 𝑎3 + 1