Scribd
Upload
41 views7 pages

Kantipur Engineering College: (Affiliated To Tribhuvan University) Dhapakhel, Lalitpur

Uploaded by

Honor Swift
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views7 pages

Kantipur Engineering College: (Affiliated To Tribhuvan University) Dhapakhel, Lalitpur

Uploaded by

Honor Swift
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

KANTIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Tribhuvan University)

Dhapakhel, Lalitpur

[Subject Code: CT 603]

Computer Organization and Architecture

Submitted by

Samyak Bajracharya (Kan077BEI028)

Submitted to

Prof. Dr. Subarna Shakya


64-bit Processor
 The brain of the PC is processor or CPU.
 It performs the system’s calculating and processing operations.
 The term N-bits means that its ALU, internal registers and most of its
instructions are designed to work with N-bit binary words.
 The major components of CPU are:

 64-bit processors have 64-bit ALUs, 64-bit registers, and 64- bit buses.
 A 64-bit register can address up to 264 bytes of logical address.
 64-bit processors have been with us since 1992.
 E.g.: 64-bit AMD processor, 64-bit Intel processor

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 2


Internal Architecture
 The internal logic design of microprocessor which determines how and
when various operations are performed.
 The various function performed by the microprocessor can be classified as:
o Microprocessor initiated operations
o Internal operations
o Peripheral operations
 Microprocessor initiated operations mainly deal with memory and I/O read
and write operations.
 Internal operations determine how and what operations can be performed
with the data. The operations include:
1. storing
2. performing arithmetic and logical operations
3. test for conditions
4. store in the stack
 External initiated operations are initiated by the external devices to
perform special operations like reset, interrupt, ready, etc.
 The block diagram of 64-bit microprocessor is shown below.
 The major parts of the block diagram are:
o General register unit
o Control and decoding unit
o Bus unit
o Cache memory unit
o Floating point register unit
o Issue ports

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 3


Fig: Block diagram of 64-bit internal architecture

Architecture Elements
 Addressing Modes
 General Purpose Registers
 Non-modal and modal Instructions
 New Instructions in Support of 64-bit
 New immediate Instructions

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 4


Addressing modes
 This addressing mode determines the working environment. i.e. 24,32 or 64
bit mode
 PSW bits 31 and 32 designate addressing mode (out of 64 bit).
o Addressing modes bits:00=24 bit-mode

01=32 bit-mode

11=64 bit-mode

General purposes register (GPR)


 The register is treated as 64-bits for:
o Address generation in 64-bit mode.

 The register is treated as 32-bits for:


o Address generation in 24/32-bit mode.

New instructions in 64-bit:


 Load Reversed - LRV, LRVR
 Multiply Logical - ML, MLR
 Divide Logical - DL, DLR
 Add Logical w/ Carry - ALC
 Subtract Logical w/ Borrow - SLB
 Store Reversed - STRV
 Rotate Left Single Logical – RLL

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 5


New immediate Instructions
 Load Logical Immediate
 Insert Logical Immediate
 AND Immediate
 OR Immediate
 Test Under Mask (High/Low)

Comparison of 64-bit with 32-bit


 Contains 32-bit data lines whereas 64-bit contains 64 data lines.
 Can address max 2^32(4 GB) of data whereas 64 bit can address 2^64(18
billion GB).
 Speed and execution is both fast in 64-bit processors.
 64-bit processors can drive 32-bit applications even faster, by handling
more data per clock cycle than a 32-bit processor.
 The table shows the basic difference between two:

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 6


Advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:

1. Previous processors can have max 4 GB of physical memory but 64-bit can
handle more.
2. More general purpose registers than in older processors.
3. Significant increase in speed due to wider data bus and processing is fast.

Disadvantages:

1. Compatibility difficulty with existing software as they are mostly developed


to the 32-bit processors.
2. 64-bit OS must have 64-bit drivers, for working efficiently.
3. They are costly.

References: W.Stalling & M.Mano| 7

You might also like