MV20 NA G4 Cold Reads TM Web PDF

COLD R E A D S
for F lu e nc y a nd
Compr e h e n s io n
Teacher ’s Manual
with Student Reproducibles
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ISBN-13: 978-0-328-99058-0
ISBN-10: 0-328-99058-2
1 18
Contents
Overview/How to Use the Tests ....................................................................................... T5
Item Analysis Charts ......................................................................................................... T7
Administering and Scoring a Fluency Test .....................................................................T12
Interpreting the Results ...................................................................................................T15
Individual Record: Fluency Progress Chart ....................................................................T16
Class Record: Fluency Progress Chart ..........................................................................T17
Fluency and “Qualitative” Measures ...............................................................................T19
Answer Key .......................................................................................................................T21
Unit 1 Networks
Week 1 Reaching for the Moon .................................................................................. 1
Week 2 Rare Treasure: Mary Anning and Her Remarkable Discoveries ..................... 7
Week 3 “Twins in Space” ......................................................................................... 13
Week 4 Life at the Top .............................................................................................. 19
Week 5 Barbed Wire Baseball .................................................................................. 25
Unit 2 Adaptations
Week 1 Feathers: Not Just for Flying ....................................................................... 31
Week 2 Animal Mimics ............................................................................................. 37
Week 3 from Minn of the Mississippi ....................................................................... 43
Week 4 from Butterfly Eyes and Other Secrets of the Meadow ............................... 49
Week 5 The Weird and Wonderful Echidna/The Very Peculiar Platypus .................. 55
Unit 3 Diversity
Week 1 from Out of My Mind ................................................................................... 61
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Week 2 from Mama’s Window ................................................................................. 67

Week 3 Trombone Shorty ......................................................................................... 73
Week 4 Weslandia/“The Circuit” .............................................................................. 79
Week 5 Poetry Collection ......................................................................................... 85
Unit 4 Impacts
Week 1 from Can You Guess My Name? ................................................................. 91
Week 2 Thunder Rose .............................................................................................. 97
Week 3 La Culebra (The Snake) ..............................................................................103
Week 4 The Secret of the Winter Count ..................................................................109
Cold Reads T3
Week 5 “Pandora”/“Race to the Top” .....................................................................115
Unit 5 Features
Week 1 from Planet Earth .......................................................................................121
Week 2 Volcanoes ...................................................................................................127
Week 3 from The Top 10 Ways You Can Reduce Waste ........................................133
Week 4 The Himalayas ............................................................................................139
Week 5 Trashing Paradise/“Bye Bye Plastic Bags on Bali” ....................................145
T4 Cold Reads
Overview/How to Use The Tests
INTRODUCTION
Cold Reads for Fluency and Comprehension is designed to provide differentiated reading
comprehension practice using selections that students have not seen previously. Cold Reads for
Fluency and Comprehension is intended to prepare students to take the Reading/Language Arts
section of standardized tests, state-wide tests, and teacher-made tests. The program includes
comprehension practice taught in myView Literacy. This Teacher’s Manual includes the following:
(1) notes on how to use the Cold Read tests, (2) instructions on how to administer and score a
fluency test, (3) a chart on which you may record the progress of your students, (4) item analysis
charts that provide teachers the opportunity to track students’ strengths and areas of need, and
(5) annotated copies of all the Cold Read tests indicating the answers to all questions.
HOW TO USE THE COLD READ TESTS

The purpose of the Cold Read test is to give weekly opportunities for students to practice the
comprehension focus and high-frequency words covered in myView Literacy.
This book contains three Cold Read tests for each week. They are intended to be used
independently from the reading workshop text selection in myView Literacy. Each test includes
a “Cold Read” leveled selection and related comprehension items that assess the weekly
comprehension focus, associated Common Core State Standards and previously learned skills.
Across each unit’s Cold Read selections, high-frequency words are strategically placed within
the text to give students an additional opportunity to practice reading these words in context for
meaning and fluency.
Selections and items on the Cold Read tests are written to assess varying levels of proficiency—
Developing (D), On-Level (OL), and Advanced (A). The code at the bottom of each page tells you
the level of each test.
Cold Read tests can be administered independently, or you may choose to work through them
with students in small groups in order to provide support and assess students’ progress. Before
beginning each test, make sure students understand the test directions and are aware of how to
correctly indicate answers. Explain that multiple-choice answers should be circled, and short-
response items should be answered in one to three complete sentences.
Cold Reads T5
OTHER WAYS TO USE THE COLD READ PAGES:
• Use the Developing pages to give the whole class an opportunity to practice the weekly
comprehension focus and/or test-taking skills.
• Use the Developing pages after introducing the weekly comprehension focus but prior to
reading the Reading Workshop text in the myView Literacy student interactive to assess
students’ readiness to read that text.
• Use the On-Level pages as an assessment tool to check students’ understanding of the
weekly comprehension focus and/or test-taking skills.
• Use the On-Level pages to determine if students need further practice, reteaching, or more
challenging materials.
• Use the Advanced pages for students working above grade level.
• Use any of the pages as preparation for the Unit Test.
T6 Cold Reads
Item Analysis Charts
UNIT 1 COLD READS
ITEM
COLD READ SECTION ITEMS DOK LEVEL CCSS
FOCUS/SKILL
UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

WEEK 1 Purpose Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Purpose Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Purpose Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Analyze Main Idea Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
WEEK 2 and Details Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Main Idea Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.2
and Details Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Main Idea Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
and Details Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–3 DOK 2 Items 1–2
WEEK 3 Item 4 DOK 3 RI.4.5
Item 3 RI.4.1
Item 4 RI.4.2
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–4 DOK 2 Items 1, 3
Item 5 DOK 3 RI.4.1
Item 2 RI.4.2
Items 4–5
RI.4.5
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Item1 DOK 1 Items 1, 5
Items 2–3 DOK 2 RI.4.5
Items 4–5 DOK 3 Items 2–3
RI.4.1
Item 5 RI.4.5
UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Analyze Text Features Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.7
WEEK 4 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Features Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.7

Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Features Items 1–2 DOK 1 RI.4.7

Item 3 DOK 2
Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–3 DOK 2 Items 1, 3–4
WEEK 5 Item 4 DOK 3 RI.4.5
Item 2 RI.4.1
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1, 3 DOK 1 Items 1, 3–5
Items 2, 4 DOK 2 RI.4.5
Item 5 DOK 3 Item 2 RI.4.1
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–2 DOK 2 Items 1–2, 4–5
Item 3 DOK 1 RI.4.5
Items 4–5 DOK 3 Item 3 RI.4.1
Cold Reads T7
UNIT 2 COLD READS
ITEM
FOCUS/SKILL
UNIT 2 Developing 1–4 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
WEEK 1 Details Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–5 DOK 2 RI.4.2
Details
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
Details Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 2 Developing 1–4 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.5
WEEK 2 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–5 DOK 2 RI.4.5
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.5

Item 5 DOK 3
UNIT 2 Developing 1–4 Analyze Plot and Setting Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.3
WEEK 3 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Plot and Setting Item 1 DOK 1 RI.4.3

Items 2–5 DOK 2
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Plot and Setting Items 1–2, 5 DOK 2 RI.4.3
Item 3 DOK 1
Item 4 DOK 3
UNIT 2 Developing 1–4 Explain Poetic Language Items 1–3 DOK 1 RL.4.5
WEEK 4 and Elements Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Explain Poetic Language Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.5
and Elements Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Explain Poetic Language Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.5
and Elements
UNIT 2 Developing 1–4 Synthesize Information Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.9
WEEK 5 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Synthesize Information Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.9
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Synthesize Information Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.9
Items 4–5 DOK 3
T8 Cold Reads
UNIT 3 COLD READS
ITEM
FOCUS/SKILL
UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Analyze Characters Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.3

WEEK 1 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Analyze Plot and Items 1, 3 DOK 1 RL.4.3

WEEK 2 Setting Item 2 DOK 2
Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Plot and Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Setting Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Plot and Items 1–2 DOK 1 RL.4.3

Setting Items 3–4 DOK 2
Item 5 DOK 3
UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

WEEK 3 Purpose Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Purpose Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Purpose Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Compare and Contrast Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.6
WEEK 4 Point of View Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Compare and Contrast Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.6

Point of View
Advanced 1–5 Compare and Contrast Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.6

Point of View Item 5 DOK 3
UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Examine Poetic Items 1–3 DOK 1 RL.4.5

WEEK 5 Elements Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Examine Poetic Items 1–3 DOK 1 RL.4.5

Elements Item 4 DOK 2
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Examine Poetic Items 1–2 DOK 1 RL.4.5

Elements Item 3 DOK 2
Items 4–5 DOK 3
Cold Reads T9
UNIT 4 COLD READS
ITEM
FOCUS/SKILL
UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Analyze Characters Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

WEEK 1
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–3, 5 RL.4.3
DOK 2
Item 4 DOK 3
UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Infer Theme Items 1–3 RL.4.2
WEEK 2 DOK 2
Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Infer Theme Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.2
Advanced 1–5 Infer Theme Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.2
Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Explain Elements Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3
WEEK 3 of a Drama
On-Level 1–5 Explain Elements Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.3

of a Drama
Advanced 1–5 Explain Elements Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3
of a Drama Item 5 DOK 3
UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Infer Theme Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.2
WEEK 4 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Infer Theme Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.2
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Infer Theme Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.2
Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Analyze Myths Items 1 –3 DOK 2 RL.4.9
WEEK 5 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Myths Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.9
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Myths Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.9
Items 4–5 DOK 3
T10 Cold Reads

UNIT 5 COLD READS
ITEM
FOCUS/SKILL
UNIT 5 Developing 1–4 Analyze Text Features: Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.7
WEEK 1 Picture Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Features: Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.7
Diagram Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Features: Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.7
Diagram Item 5 DOK 3
UNIT 5 Developing 1–4 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
WEEK 2 Details Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.2
Details Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Main Idea and Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.2
Details Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 5 Developing 1–4 Analyze Argument Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.8
WEEK 3 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Analyze Argument Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.8
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Analyze Argument Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.8
Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 5 Developing 1–4 Explain Ideas Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.3
WEEK 4 Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Explain Ideas Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.3
Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Explain Ideas Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.3
Items 4–5 DOK 3
UNIT 5 Developing 1–4 Explain Events Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1
WEEK 5 (Cause and Effect) Item 4 DOK 3
On-Level 1–5 Explain Events Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.1
(Cause and Effect) Item 5 DOK 3
Advanced 1–5 Explain Events Items 1–5 DOK 2 RI.4.1
(Cause and Effect)
Cold Reads T11

Administering And Scoring A Fluency Test
A fluency test measures a student’s reading rate, or the number of words correctly read per
minute (wcpm), on grade-level text the student has not seen before. Although the speed at which
a student reads is part of determining fluency, it is not the only measure. When students read
fluently, they read aloud as they would speak conversationally. Appropriate expression, prosody,
reading rate, and comprehension are all part of reading fluently.
Prior to administering a fluency test, review fluency test procedures with the student. Explain that
the purpose of the fluency test is to understand more about how the student reads.
Administer the fluency test individually so you can record student data. Give the student a copy of
the Student Copy of the selection for the test and make a copy of the Teacher Copy for yourself.
The Teacher Copy has a scale of running numbers to make it easier for you to know how many
words the student reads during the fluency check, while the Student Copy does not have running
numbers. Write the student’s name and the test date at the top of your copy of the selection. This
will help you compare data on future tests. Have a watch or clock available for timing the reading.
Have the student read the text aloud. Do not have the student read the title as part of the fluency
reading; it is not included in the running word count. You may want to record the student’s
reading for later evaluation. Stop the student at exactly one minute and note precisely where her
or she stopped.
As the student reads orally, on your copy of the text mark any miscues or errors he or she makes
during the reading (see the chart on page T13). Count the total number of words the student
reads in a minute. Subtract any words he or she reads incorrectly. Record the words correct per
minute score on the test.
The formula is: total # of words read – # of errors = words correct per minute (wcpm).
T12 Cold Reads

HOW TO IDENTIFY MISCUES AND ERRORS
Based upon the selection on page T14, the chart below shows the kinds of miscues and errors to
look for as a student reads aloud and the notations to use to mark the miscues and errors.
READING MISCUE NOTATIONS

Omission
The student omits words or I think that I have the best job in the world.
word parts.
Substitution
The student substitutes my
You must work very hard, but the job is rewarding.
words or parts of words for
the words in the text.
Insertion
The student inserts words or had
I wanted to work as a park ranger since I was young.
parts of words that are not ^
in the text.
Mispronunciation/
Misreading was
One of the best parts of my job is the independence I enjoy.
The student pronounces or
reads a word incorrectly.
Hesitation
H
The student hesitates over a I lead tours on my own, and some nights I get to sleep in a cabin
word and the teacher in the woods with only the bears and owls around me!
provides the word.
Self-correction sc
The student reads a word To get a job like mine, you must study geology, forestry, or
incorrectly but then corrects another earth science.
the error.
Notes
• If the student hesitates over a word, wait several seconds before telling him or her what the
word is.
• If a student makes the same error more than once, count it as only one error.
• Self-correction is not counted as an actual error. However, writing “SC” over the word or
words will help you identify words that give the student some difficulty.
Cold Reads T13

SAMPLE FLUENCY TEST
Here is the selection marked as shown on the chart on the previous page. As the student reads
the selection aloud to you, mark miscues and errors. Have the student read for exactly one
minute, and then mark the last word he or she reads.
Shawna 9/24/2018
Student Name: _________________________________________ Date: ___________________
My Life as a Park Ranger

I think that I have the best job in the world. I am a park ranger. 16
sc
To get a job like mine, you must study geology, forestry, or 28
my
another earth science. You must work very hard, but the job is 40
rewarding. I enjoy working outdoors and sharing the wonders of 50
nature with the visitors to my beautiful park. One of the best parts 63
was H
of my job is the independence I enjoy. I lead tours on my own, 77
and some nights I get to sleep in a cabin in the woods with only 92
the bears and owls around me! 98
had
I wanted to work as a park ranger since I was young. At first, I did 114
^
not know if I would be /able to do it. My grades in science were not 130
always the best. But I was determined. Camping, hiking, and 140
canoeing every summer filled my heart with joy. I believed that 151
working in a park would be a dream come true. 161
This is my fifth year working as a park ranger. I’ve worked at three 175
different parks around the state. I’ve learned so much about fish, 186 Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
trees, and all kinds of wildlife. Some weekends, I help young 197
campers reach their campsites on the far side of the lake. Once 209
I even taught a family how to pitch a tent. Not everyone knows 222
how to make a fire or paddle a canoe. I feel like I make a real 238
difference when I help park visitors enjoy the outdoors more. 248
The best part of my job is helping people discover new ways 260
to experience the amazing outdoors! 265
120 – 5 = 115
T14 Cold Reads

Interpreting the Results
According to published norms for oral reading fluency, students at the end of Grade 4 should be
reading fluently at 133 words correct per minute in text that is on grade level. This chart provides
recommended milestones to work toward that goal. For example, if a fourth-grade student reads
125 words correct per minute in fall, he or she is at the 75th percentile. If the same student reads
168 words correct per minute in the winter, he or she is now at the 90th percentile.
GRADE %ILE FALL WCPM WINTER WCPM SPRING WCPM

90 153 168 184
75 125 143 160
4 50 94 120 133
25 75 95 105
10 60 71 83
Copyright © 2017. Behavioral Research and Teaching. All rights reserved.
If a student’s reading rate is lower than the suggested rate for his or her grade level, your notes
on the student’s miscues may help you determine why the rate is low. Does the student make
errors that indicate his or her decoding skills are poor? If so, further instruction in phonics may
be needed. Do the errors reflect a lack of comprehension or limited vocabulary? If so, instruction
in comprehension strategies and exposure to more vocabulary words may help. A lack of fluency
may indicate a lack of exposure to models of fluent oral reading. It may also mean the student
is not reading enough material at his or her reading level. Encourage the student to read more
books or children’s magazine articles at an accessible or comfortable level of reading for him
or her.
Cold Reads T15

Individual Record: Fluency Progress Chart
Name
UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
WORDS CORRECT PER MINUTE
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
TIMED READING/WEEK
T16 Cold Reads

Class Record: Fluency Progress Chart
STUDENT’S UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5
NAME
Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM
Cold Reads T17

Class Record: Fluency Progress Chart
STUDENT’S UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5
NAME
Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM Date WCPM Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
T18 Cold Reads

FLUENCY AND “QUALITATIVE” MEASURES
There are many considerations to keep in mind when measuring student’s oral reading fluency.
First, it is important to note that oral reading fluency measures a student’s oral reading accuracy
and speed including words, phrases, and sentences for a short period, typically one or more
minutes. Because the text changes influence students’ familiarity with the words and content of
what they are asked to read, oral reading fluency is highly variable and can change throughout
the course of a relatively brief period of time, such as several weeks, and certainly is expected
to increase over longer periods of time such as a semester or year. There are several factors
that influence students’ oral reading fluency, including: (a) some students are anxious reading
aloud and do not read as well as they would silently; (b) occasionally unfamiliar words influence
student’s success in reading accurately; and (c) the topic of the text might be familiar and
increase oral reading fluency, or highly unfamiliar and decrease oral reading fluency. Even though
there are conditions that affect fluency, over time with effective reading instruction, students’ oral
reading fluency should increase in accuracy and proficiency (number of words read correctly in a
designated amount of time—typically one minute).
Fluency is not aimed at determining how fast a student reads. Students should be able to read
and comprehend the text they are provided—the ultimate goal of reading—and not just read to
complete a task. Speed should follow as a result of stronger fluency rather than lead fluency.
As a student’s skill and ability to read fluently grows, so does a student’s capacity to demonstrate
fluency. Automaticity of word reading is one sign that fluency is developing. Fluency activities
provide a means for students to improve their reading of words, phrases and sentences, on their
way to improving vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. Oral expression, another index
of fluency, develops and evolves as fluency grows. Students will begin to speak text expressively,
engaging in meaningful expression of words and dialogue. Fluency becomes a measure of
prosody as well as syntax.
When measuring student fluency, look for signs of expressive language, including a student’s
ability to use words in context and emphasize key words in sentences. Look for signs of speed
and accuracy in reading as well. Remember that as students read faster, they are more likely to
engage in self-correction, which is an important and meaningful fluency and comprehension skill.
Fluency is also a gradual process that is bound to differ from student to student. Some students
exhibit fluency right from the beginning of their reading career. For others it develops more
slowly. In general, students in Grade 1 and the first half of Grade 2 focus on pronouncing words
and phrases. During the second half of Grade 2, students may begin showing signs of building
prosody and the use of expressive language in their reading. These are all key variables to denote
when measuring and recording the fluency of students during a fluency test. As students move
into older grade levels, beginning with the end of 3rd grade, and moving into 4th grade and
5th grade, they are likely to demonstrate greater fluctuation in their oral reading fluency scores.
However, over time, if their words correct per minute are charted, students would demonstrate
improvement in number of words read correctly in the designated time frame.
Cold Reads T19

Fluency Rubric
SCORE VOLUME AND EXPRESSION SYNTAX/PROSODY ACCURACY RATE

The student reads at an The student demonstrates The student reads The student
appropriate volume and with correct phrasing and accurately. A rare, minor reads at a
expression. adjusts for punctuation. error may occur or be natural-sounding,
4
Stress and intonation areself-corrected, but does conversational
appropriate. not appear to affect pace.
comprehension.
The student mostly reads The student generally The student mostly The student reads
at an appropriate volume uses correct phrasing reads accurately. at an uneven pace,
and with expression but but occasionally sounds Errors sometimes too slow or too fast
occasionally lapses into choppy or does not result from a difficult at times.
3 a quieter voice or lacks adjust for punctuation. word or sentence
expression. Stress and intonation are structure. Errors may
adequate. be self-corrected and
do not appear to affect
comprehension.
The student reads somewhat The student reads in short The student makes a The student reads
quietly. Expressiveness is phrases and does not number of errors while somewhat slowly.
minimal. adjust for punctuation. pausing/hesitating
2
Stress and intonation are frequently. Errors may
lacking or inappropriate affect comprehension.
at times.
The student is difficult to The student reads in a The student makes The student reads
hear. There is little or no choppy, word-by-word many errors to the slowly and with
1 expressive reading. manner. Stress and point of affecting difficulty.
intonation are absent or comprehension.
inappropriate.
T20 Cold Reads

Answer Keys
WEEK 1, UNIT 1, WEEK 1
Developing On-Level
1 What is the author’s main purpose for writing this selection? 1 The author most likely wrote this selection to —
A To name jobs that work outdoors A discuss the meaning of words
B To teach the reader how to camp B identify good word-centered games
C To explain why being a park ranger is great C convince children to read more books
D To list the characteristics of good park rangers D explain a love for words since childhood
2 Why does the author include the anecdote about helping young campers? 2 The author uses an anecdote in paragraph 2. This anecdote shows that
A To teach others to pitch tents the narrator —
B To give a reason for enjoying this job A enjoyed talking more than listening
C To list one of the challenges of being a park ranger B enjoyed playing with toys more than books
D To explain the importance of taking care of wildlife C learned a lot about words during childhood dinners
D learned exactly how many words there are in the world
3 Which sentence from the selection helps identify the author’s message?
A My grades in science were not always the best. 3 The author included paragraphs 2 and 3 to —
B I’ve worked at three different state parks around the state. A explain how to eat healthy meals
C Not everyone knows how to make a fire or paddle a canoe. B persuade people to eat with parents
D The best part of my job is helping people discover new ways to C provide information about family traditions
experience the amazing outdoors! D show how her family helped support her interests
4 How do the details the author provides about school and grades in 4 The author includes details about games, quizzes, and conversation in
paragraph 2 support the author’s purpose? paragraph 3 to —
The author’s purpose is to explain why the job is a perfect A show fun ways the author learned more about words
B encourage the reader to learn words by using flash cards
one for him or her. The author explains that he or she was
C convince readers to play games and eat with their parents
determined, loved the outdoors, and that being in a park D provide readers with an example of talking about their day
for work would be a dream come true. This text evidence is 5 How does the author use words like aglet and tongue to help support the

support for why the job is a perfect one. purpose of the selection?
The author used aglet and tongue to show how interesting
words can be. There are words for objects we see every day
but do not call them by their names. Also, there are words
that have more than one meaning. This helps to explain the
author’s love of words.
2 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads D 4 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads OL
Advanced
1 The author most likely wrote this selection to —

A give facts about animals that live in rivers
B explain why manatees struggle in the wild
C show what manatees eat and where they live
D describe why the author’s career is interesting
2 The reader knows there is an anecdote in paragraph 1 because it —

A explains that every person should enjoy his or her job
B provides reasons that people should get jobs in Florida
C describes one time the author went to work on the river
D gives details about what it is like to research manatees
3 The author most likely included the details in paragraph 3 to —

A explain what it is like to study manatees

B show how much he or she has studied manatees
C give information about how manatees behave
D explain how many manatees live in the state park
4 How did the author’s mention of drawings of the manatee markings help
show the author’s purpose for writing the selection?
Making drawings of the manatees’ markings takes time
and energy. Only someone who enjoys his or her job would
dedicate years of his or her life to something like this.
5 Why did the author most likely include the anecdote in paragraph 1?
The author includes the anecdote in paragraph 1 to describe
what a typical day is as a manatee researcher. The author

also uses the anecdote to explain how his or her job is
different from those of most people who sit in an office
at a desk.
6 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads A
Cold Reads T21

WEEK 2
UNIT 1, WEEK 2
Developing On-Level
1 Which detail from the selection best supports the idea that Shakespeare 1 What evidence from the text supports the idea that Sally devoted herself
is one of the world’s best writers? to learning about space?
A He authored a large number of works, including 38 plays and more A Scientists at NASA knew that the team they put together for their next
than 150 poems. space mission should include a woman.
B He lived more than 400 years ago, but plays like Hamlet and Macbeth B In 1978, she worked for NASA on the ground for two missions.
are still being performed today. C Ride went to space a second time in 1984.
C It was probably at the school near his home where he first discovered D Ride focused on learning all that she could about spacecraft.
an interest in drama and poetry.
2 Paragraph 3 is mainly about Sally Ride’s —
D By 1592, Shakespeare’s name was becoming known in the London
theater scene. A childhood
B later career
2 What is the second paragraph mostly about?
C education and early career
A The town where Shakespeare grew up and why he left D impact on girls and science
B The education Shakespeare had as a child and young adult
C What Shakespeare’s parents were like and where they came from 3 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that Sally Ride was
destined for space?
D What historians do and do not know about Shakespeare’s early life
A By the late 1970s, no American woman had flown into space.
3 Which statement best describes the main idea of the selection? B A college student named Sally Ride saw the advertisement.
A Shakespeare was born and lived in England. C Some names seem to be signs pointing toward the future.
B Shakespeare was married and had three children. D Ride went to space a second time in 1984.
C Shakespeare’s plays are good, but he also wrote poetry.
4 Paragraphs 2 through 4 are mainly about Sally Ride’s —
D Shakespeare’s work is still famous centuries after his death.
A experience as an astronaut
4 Describe the main idea of paragraph 3. B first mission on the Challenger
The main idea of paragraph 3 is that we do not know much C interest in becoming an astronaut
D influence upon education in science for girls
about Shakespeare’s personal life outside of his family.

Some believe he went to London after his children were born, 5 What is the main idea of the selection? Provide at least three pieces of
text evidence to support this.
but others think he was a school teacher.
As the first woman in space, Sally Ride made an impact on
girls. 1. Sally Ride made the ride of a lifetime on June 18,
1983. 2. Ride focused on learning all that she could about
spacecraft. 3. Because of Ride, many American girls pursued
careers in science.
Advanced
1 What evidence from the selection supports the idea that Campagnolo
invented better parts for bicycles?
A The snow and ice caused his bike to jam up.
B The invention changed cycling forever.
C Campagnolo was born in Italy in 1901.
D He always enjoyed tinkering in his father’s shop.
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that Campagnolo is
a legend in cycling?
A Riders wearing Campagnolo jerseys have won important
cycling trophies.
B His company later led the way in making bicycle parts lighter by using
magnesium instead of heavier metals.
C He also discovered new mixtures of different metals to make bike
wheels strong but light.
D Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Campagnolo’s company made
bicycle parts longer lasting and easier to use.
3 Paragraph 2 is mostly about —

A Campagnolo’s impact on cycling
B the difficulty of changing bike tires
C the discovery of new metal mixtures
D Campagnolo’s changes to cycling rules
4 Describe the main idea of paragraph 1.

The main idea of this paragraph is that Campagnolo was
racing and his bike jammed. He lost a race because he could

not change a tire without tools.
5 Describe the main idea of this selection.
The main idea of the selection is that Campagnolo changed
the bicycle industry with new inventions used for bikes.
T22 Cold Reads

WEEK 3
UNIT 1, WEEK 3
Developing On-Level
1 Which two things are compared in the selection? 1 Which of the following best describes how virtual reality might be used
A Apples and sugar differently in the future based on the details in paragraph 3?
B Cookies and sugar A Virtual reality will probably be more lifelike in the future than it is now.
C Sugar and whole wheat flour B More people will use virtual reality for entertainment in the future than
D White flour and whole wheat flour they do now.
C More people might use virtual reality for work in the future instead of
2 What type of text structure does the sentence “Agave is sweeter than just education.
sugar, so you can use less of it” support?
D Virtual reality is mostly used for entertainment now but might be used
A Chronological for education in the future.
B Problem-solution
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that virtual reality
C Establish purpose
can help people explore places in a different way than in real life?
D Comparison-and-contrast
A Special glasses can help people visit all kinds of places, both real and
3 Which information compares healthy ingredients to other ingredients imaginary, using virtual reality (or VR).
in cookies? B The headset has sensors that detect movement.
A But cookies aren’t the healthiest snack around. C Virtual reality can have uses for more than just entertainment.
B Using whole wheat flour instead of white flour adds fiber and protein D Although VR is exciting, scientists do not know how safe it is.
to your favorite cookie.
C This will help your cookies come out soft and moist instead of dry 3 Paragraph 4 suggests that virtual reality —
and hard. A is worth the risk of injury
D Your cookies will turn out tasting as delicious as ever, and B should not be used by young people
beautiful too! C is an exciting trend that cannot be missed
D needs further research to make sure it is safe
4 What is the central idea of the selection? Give two details that support
your answer. 4 Based on the details in paragraph 4, how does the brain work when using
virtual reality compared to real-life situations?
The central idea of this selection is that there are ways to
A None of the neurons work with virtual reality.

make cookie recipes healthy by changing the ingredients. B More neurons work with virtual reality than real life.
I know this is the central idea because the author says, C It works exactly the same in both real life and virtual reality.
“There are, however, ingredients you can use in your favorite D Many neurons that work in real life do not work with virtual reality.
cookie recipe to make them a little better for your body.” 5 Using details from the text, explain one way that virtual reality is different
from reality.
Then the author tells us in each paragraph what the better
Neurons behaved differently when the brain processes
ingredients are, including “Using whole wheat flour instead of
images of virtual environments compared to real ones.
white flour adds fiber and protein to your favorite cookie.”
Advanced
1 What comparison is made in paragraph 2?

A Cost of skate parks to cost of damage to property
B How both the city and business owners feel about skateboarding
C Behavior of kids who skateboard to behavior of kids who play soccer
D Safety of skateboarding on the sidewalk versus skateboarding on a rail
2 Based on the details in paragraph 2, how are other places to skate

different than skate parks?
A They are safer than skate parks.
B They are often damaged by skaters.
C They are very expensive for skaters.
D They are very welcoming to skaters.
3 Which sentence best states the main idea of the selection?

A Skating is the best activity for exercise.

B Cities should have safe places to skate.
C Skate parks should not be built by cities.
D People should never skate in public places.
4 Name two details from the selection that support the main idea of
the selection.
They give skaters a safe place to work at something they
love. At the same time, police officers and business owners
no longer have to chase skateboarders away.
5 In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author describes the types of places

kids can skate. Compare and contrast these places using details
from the selection.
People can skate in public places or skate parks. Public places
are not as safe for skaters, and skating can cause damage to
these places. However, skate parks are designed for skaters
and are safer and no one has to worry about damage.
Cold Reads T23

WEEK 4
UNIT 1, WEEK 4
Developing On-Level
1 The author includes the diagram to show — 1 Using the map, in which direction do most monarchs travel in the spring?
A the stars in space A South
B the parts of a star B West
C the life cycle of a star C Northeast
D the parts of a black hole D Southwest
2 Which sentence from the selection tells what happens between the 2 You can tell from the map that monarch butterflies do not breed in the —
“Main Sequence Star” and the “Red Giant” stages on the diagram? A eastern United States
A Stars form from giant clouds of dust and gas. B southern United States
B The cloud changes to something called a protostar. C northwestern United States
C When it reaches fifteen million degrees, another change happens. D southwestern United States
D When the gas begins to run out, the star starts the next stage of
3 Which sentence is illustrated by the information in the map?
its life cycle.
A Monarchs in the eastern part of the country travel to Mexico.
3 Which sentence from the selection does the diagram support? B There are several reasons monarchs make this long journey.
A Over time, the gas in these clouds changes and begins to spin. C People wonder how these beautiful butterflies know the route.
B As it spins it heats up. D Often the same trees are covered in monarchs every year.
C The cloud keeps heating up.
4 The author most likely included the map to show —
D The star has now reached the red giant phase.
A where milkweed grows
4 How does the diagram support the information presented in the selection? B where Mexico is located
The diagram shows each stage in the life of a star and C the migration path of monarchs
provides a visual representation of each stage. D which direction is north and which is south
5 Why does the author include arrows on the map?

The author includes the arrows to explain the different

directions the monarch butterflies fly.
Advanced
1 Which best describes what is mainly shown on the map?

A The waterways around the city of Washington, D.C.
B The location of Washington, D.C., in the United States
C The locations of several important monuments in Washington, D.C.
D The number of miles between monuments in Washington, D.C.
2 Based on the map, the Lincoln Memorial is —

A west of the World War II Memorial
B directly next to the Reflecting Pool
C between the Washington Monument and the Reflecting Pool
D directly to the north of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
3 Look at the map. Which sentence from the selection is illustrated?

A The most eye-catching is the Washington Monument, which towers
over the National Mall at 555 feet tall.
B Made of marble, granite, and bluestone, it is the world’s tallest
stone structure.
C Building started in 1848, and then it stopped from 1854 to 1877.
D A careful eye can tell that stones at the bottom are darker than the
stones at the top.
4 What kind information is provided by the text, but not the map?
The map provides locations for the monuments. The text
provides descriptions of the monuments. The descriptions are
not included on the map.
5 Explain why the author included the map with this selection.
The map provides a visual that shows where the monuments
described in the selection are in relation to each other and
Independence and Constitution Avenues.
T24 Cold Reads

WEEK 5
UNIT 1, WEEK 5
Developing On-Level
1 The author uses dates in the biography to — 1 Which detail shows an event unfolding in time order?
A tell about the family of Bell A She and her people lived far from others, hunting and fishing.
B provide facts about telephones B They were to draw maps and report on all that they found.
C explain the systems that make a telephone work C In November 1804, Lewis and Clark reached an American Indian
D give information about when things were invented settlement in what is now South Dakota.
D What they do agree on, though, is that Sacagawea is an important
2 Which of the following most likely explains why the author uses the
figure in American history.
anecdote of Bell saying, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.”?
A To show Bell’s sense of humor 2 The author uses the anecdote in paragraph 5 of how Sacagawea saved
B To explain Bell’s father’s influence the instruments and records in the storm to show —
C To tell of the first time voices traveled over wire A how valuable Sacagawea was to the mission
D To give the reader a glimpse into Bell’s childhood B the need for traveling east and west on a river
C who was president during the Lewis and Clark mission
3 The author presents the events in Bell’s life in chronological order to —
D why it was difficult to travel across the Rocky Mountains
A explain why telephones became important
B explain the time it took him to get a patent 3 Which of the following words signal chronological order as the structure of
C show the first invention of Bell and his brother this selection?
D show how the events in Bell’s life are connected A She and her people lived far
B Nearly a million square miles of land
4 What signal words does the author use to show chronological order in this C In 1803
selection? Give at least three examples.
D Sacagawea helped with
The author includes signal words that show the selection is in
4 The author mostly likely included the information in paragraph 4 to explain —
chronological order. “Bell was born in 1847,” “At twelve years A how Lewis and Clark were able to find food
old,” and “In 1863” and “In 1871” show that time has passed. B how Lewis and Clark started working together
C why Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore

D why Lewis and Clark chose Sacagawea to join them
5 What details does the author include that show this selection is a
biography? Include at least two details.
The author includes facts about Sacagawea’s life, such as
the year she was born, how Lewis and Clark came to hire
her, and when she died.
Advanced
1 Coronado did not receive any property from his father. Which detail shows
the solution to that problem?
A So, he decided to go to the New World to seek his fortune there.
B The following year, he was named governor of an area.
C They left to find the Seven Golden Cities in February, 1540.
D With that, Coronado returned to New Spain, where he died in 1554.
2 The author includes the details in the final paragraph to show —

A how Coronado paid for the trip
B where Coronado traveled after he left
C the difficulty in finding people to help explore new places
D what happened at the end of Coronado’s mission and life
3 Which of the following best shows that this selection is written in

chronological order?
A There, Coronado married
B By marrying
C The following year
D But this was not enough
4 Why does the author present the details of Coronado’s life in

The author presents the details about Coronado’s life in
chronological order to show how they are connected.
5 Describe how the text structure in this selection shows that this is
a biography.
The author includes details in chronological order about
Coronado, including his motivation for exploring. The author
also tells about several problems and how they were resolved
or led to more problems.
Cold Reads T25

WEEK 6
UNIT 2, WEEK 1
Developing On-Level
1 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that finding valuable 1 The section “Mud Briquettes” is mainly about —
treasure in the ocean is hard work? A the fact that many people are now using briquettes for cooking
A Today’s treasure hunters search the oceans for sunken ships. B the concern that forests have been damaged from cutting down trees
B Then they use tools such as underwater drones to find the exact spot C the idea that cooking with wood takes about the same time as
where the ship is located. with briquettes
C Once a team is ready to recover the treasure, they face a very D the process of making and forming briquettes using water, grass, and
difficult job. waste from trees
D Treasures used to be lost forever, but science is on the modern
2 Paragraph 1 is mainly about —
treasure hunter’s side.
A families beginning to use briquettes for their cooking
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the central idea that the B too many forests being harmed just for cooking food in Africa
reason some people search the ocean is to find valuable treasure? C briquettes being made from mud and grass using a simple mold
A They hope to discover and claim rare objects and precious metals D food taking longer to cook using wood than it does using briquettes
such as gold coins at the bottom of the sea.
B Their first step is to find a shipwreck. 3 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that using briquettes
C They may use underwater drones or sonar instruments to recover instead of wood for cooking saves time?
a wreck. A It burns longer and hotter than wood with less smoke.
D The wreck site might be large, dark, or dangerous to move around in. B They can quickly mix water, dried grass, and waste from banana trees.
C People like Runiza have more time to study or do chores, or play
3 The main idea of “Ocean Gold” is — instruments.
A treasure hunters use underwater drones to explore ships from D The briquettes are a simple solution to what was a big problem.
recent wrecks
B explorers are not allowed to use modern technology to seek treasures 4 The central idea of “Making Life Safer” is —
that are lost forever A briquette use is good for the forests
C treasures are being found in the ocean by hunters who use new B molds are best used when forming briquettes
methods to recover them C briquettes are made using materials close to home
D many shipwrecks have unfound treasures, but no one is attempting to

D materials to make briquettes are found in the forest
locate them because it is too hard
5 Read this sentence.
4 What is the central idea in “Finding a Shipwreck”?
She says, “My children often ate very late because I was struggling to
Treasure hunters must use history, maps, and search teams to find
look for firewood from far away, and the food took so long to get ready.”
shipwrecks.
What central idea of the selection does the sentence support?
It supports the central idea of why briquettes are used to cook in Africa.
Advanced
1 Which sentence from “Catching Some Rays” supports the central idea
that the solar panel business is growing?
A Solar cells on the roof of a house can make electricity by using rays
of sunshine.
B Imagine capturing sunlight on a grander scale than neighborhood
rooftops.
C One solar farm in the deserts of California covers an area equal to two
thousand soccer fields!
D The panels span for miles and collect the sun’s energy to change
into electricity.
2 What sentence supports the central idea that solar energy has benefits?
A Imagine capturing sunlight on a grander scale than neighborhood
rooftops.
B These farms contribute 70 percent of all solar energy, but they take up
a lot of land.
C Solar energy can operate on its own, without traditional energy sources.
D In December 2015, the Topaz Solar Farm began working in California.
3 The section “Solar Homes” is mainly about —

A the idea that solar farms take up miles of land
B the idea that all houses should have solar roofs
C the fact that some cities are powered by solar farms
D the fact that solar panels help supply energy to homes
4 State the main idea of “Industry on the Move.”

The main idea is that solar farms contribute 70% of all solar energy.

Additionally, it will supply almost all the electricity for the city of San Luis
Obispo, California.
It supports the central idea of how solar energy is becoming very important to
providing electricity in some regions.
T26 Cold Reads

WEEK 7
UNIT 2, WEEK 2
Developing On-Level
1 According to the selection, what is the main reason Arctic animals make 1 Which sentence from the selection shows one effect of adding
caves in the snow? mushrooms to beef to create a “blended” burger?
A They have babies. A One idea being tested is the blended burger, which mixes beef and
B Predators are near. mushrooms into a patty.
C Winter comes too early. B You can get food such as burgers in a hurry, and there are a quarter of
D The weather is unbearable. a million locations.
C The mushrooms add protein while getting rid of some of the salt and
2 Which sentence from the selection shows why a bear would build a cave fat found in beef.
in the snow?
D Adding plants to your favorite main dishes might seem odd.
A A person would design a special home to stay warm, but how do
animals survive here? 2 Based on the details in paragraph 3, chefs add mushrooms to beef when
B The problem is that terrible weather can sometimes become making hamburgers because mushrooms —
unbearable—even for a polar bear! A taste better than beef
C As soon as enough snow falls, they build lairs. B contain vitamins, protein, and minerals
D They live in caves no larger than their bodies, but just for the night. C have a fat and salt content similar to beef
D have a texture that works well in hamburgers
3 What effect does building a snow cave have for the ringed seal?
A They are safe from predators. 3 The author uses cause-and-effect structure to inform readers about —
B The sea ice keeps them cold. A why vegetables are the healthiest foods to eat
C They do not have to leave for food. B new ways to make foods healthier
D Other animals cannot get their food. C ways to increase animal protein in their diet
D why beef is a food source to be skipped
4 How does the author use cause-and-effect text structure in this selection?
The author uses cause and effect to show why different animals build and use 4 Based on the details in paragraph 4, one effect of using local vegetables
instead of vegetables brought in from far away is that they are —
snow caves and how the snow caves benefit these animals.
A less expensive

B tastier and healthier
C less ripe when picked
D larger than most vegetables
5 Describe the effect of adding plant protein and reducing meat in your diet
based on the details in the selection.
Adding plant protein eliminates some of the salt and fat found in meat while
keeping the vitamins, minerals, and protein your body needs.
Advanced
1 Which sentence from the selection shows an effect of the surface of the
ocean being flooded with sunlight?
A One reason is because the “midnight zone” of the ocean is always dark.
B The sunshine makes this layer warm, as warm as 97°F, and it is called
the “sunlight zone.”
C A submersible is a craft that goes completely underwater and is used
for exploring.
D Already, secrets have been unlocked, and these include large black
coral forests.
2 The author uses cause-and-effect structure to inform readers about —

A black, coral forests
B ocean life in sunlight zones
C learning the secrets by exploring all areas of the ocean
D using submarines while studying sunlight zones
3 Which detail from the selection shows the effect of technology on deep
sea exploration?
A We still know very little about the deep sea.
B These challenges have made the deep sea difficult to explore.
C Thanks to technology, scientists can learn more about the deep.
D We have only just begun to understand this dark and watery world.
4 Describe one effect of exploration of the midnight zone.

New species, such as the fangtooth and blobfish, have been discovered.
5 Describe one effect of the warmth and light provided by the sun in the
sunlight zone.
Most life in the ocean is found here because of the warmth and light provided
by the sun.
Cold Reads T27

WEEK 8
UNIT 2, WEEK 3
Developing On-Level
1 How does the fact that Mateo only wants to play carnival games affect 1 Which sentence(s) from the selection introduces the setting?
the plot? A I hurried to the starting line, and I could see my parents and T.J.
A He likes fast rides and leaves Camila out. behind the metal fence where the crowd was watching.
B He wants to be alone and play games by himself. B “I’m fast, and I can do this. I’ve been practicing for months,” I
C He is a risk taker and spends all his time with his family. whispered as I set myself up on the chalky white line on the grass.
D He enjoys skill activities and does not spend time with Camila. C My heart hammered as I pulled ahead of the other runners.
D I captured second place. I raised the bouquet of flowers my brother
2 How is the conflict of the selection resolved?
gave me and beamed with delight as the little voice whispered, You
A Camila enjoys the amusement rides alone. figured it out!
B Mateo enjoys every type of thrill ride at the fair.
C Mom and Dad spend time with Camila and then Mateo. 2 How does the crowd change during the race?
D Camila and Mateo each try what the other enjoys doing. A It grows louder.
B It becomes silent.
3 Which sentence(s) from the selection shows how the setting affects what C It starts to boo.
Mateo does?
D It drowns out the starter.
A The foursome wasn’t sure what to visit first—there was the garden full
of beautiful flowers and an art show. 3 How does the narrator respond to the crowd?
B There seemed to be a million shops selling clothes and key chains. A She runs harder.
C “He’s still with Dad, playing games. You know that Mateo isn’t really B She quits the race.
excited by amusement rides,” Mom said. C She looks for her parents.
D Camila took a swing, but she did not ring the metal bell. D She thinks about her brother.
4 Describe how the setting affects the conflict in the selection. 4 The main conflict in the selection is —
A the narrator is running a big race
This selection is set at a fair, where there are different types of activities. The
B the parents are cheering
conflict occurs when Camila and her brother want to do different activities.
C the runner wins the race

D the runner doubts herself
5 How is the conflict in the selection resolved?

The crowd’s cheers encourage the runner not to give up when her shoe
breaks.
Advanced
1 The plot of the selection focuses mainly on —

A the narrator getting to know her horse
B a horseback ride through the mountains
C a guide pointing out the sites of the mountains
D the way the narrator comes to love being in the mountains
2 How does the setting create conflict in the selection?

A The rain is easy for the horses to walk in.
B The stables are a long ride from the safety of the trails.
C The rocky terrain causes the rider to be nervous about safety.
D The mountains provide beautiful scenery during the horseback ride.
3 Which sentence(s) from the selection includes details about the setting?
A Maggie must have sensed my nervousness, so she said, “Don’t worry.”
B The horses in front of me bobbed as they stepped over rocks and
walked up and down the hills.
C “How do the horses manage not to stumble or fall?” I asked.
D The cold rain came in sheets, and soon our clothes were
soaked through.
4 Explain how the setting changes from the beginning of the story to the end.
The weather in the mountains changed from warm and dry one minute to cold
and wet the next.
5 How is the problem of how the rainstorm affected the riders solved in
the selection?
The riders had a cabin to go to and were warmed up with blankets and a fire.
T28 Cold Reads

WEEK 9
UNIT 2, WEEK 4
Developing On-Level
1 What does the simile “like an oven” in line 1 describe? 1 The metaphor “a blanket of water” describes the —
A the color of the bottles A waves coming in over the sand
B the location of the oven B sand castle the speaker is building
C the smell of the mustard C sculpture the speaker’s sister is building
D the temperature of the sandwich D statue of sand being built by others at the beach
2 Which of the following describes the pattern of rhyme in stanza 2? 2 The author uses the simile “quiet as a statue” to compare the statue to —
A the words at the end of each line rhyme A the sister
B the words at the end of lines 5 and 6 rhyme B the waves
C the words at the end of lines 5 and 7 rhyme C the bucket
D the words at the end of lines 5 and 8 rhyme D the sand castle
3 Which line from the selection is an example of a sound device? 3 Which lines describe the pattern of rhyme in stanza 3?
A I open the bottle and give it a shake, A The words at the end of each line rhyme.
B I jump like a bunny to a table nearby B The words at the end of lines 13 and 15 and at the end of lines 14 and
C I thump and tap and thump and tap, 16 rhyme.
D People in the restaurant smile as I squeeze C The words at the end of lines 13, 14, 15 and at the end of lines 16, 17
18 rhyme.
4 What is the effect of the simile the author uses in line 5?
D The words at the end of lines 13 and 14, at the end of lines 15 and 16,
The speaker uses a simile to compare the speaker to a bunny jumping to and at the end of lines 17 and 18 rhyme.
another table. This helps the reader understand that the speaker is eager. 4 Which line from the selection is an example of a simile?
A A day to relax by the shifting sea,
B But I’m as busy as a bee.
C “My sand sculpture is surely superior!” I cry.
D She looks over and yells, “Unoriginal, but nice try!”

5 Describe the author’s use of alliteration in line 11.
The author uses four words that begin with the “s” sound: “sand,” “sculpture,”
“surely,” and “superior.”
Advanced
1 The phrase “descendants of the thirteen” in line 15 refers back to the —

A horses in the desert described in stanza 1
B disappearing horses described in stanza 2
C three grazing horses described in stanza 2
D small group of horses described in stanza 3
2 Which of the following best describes the rhyme pattern in the selection?
A The last word of each line in each stanza rhymes.
B The last words of lines 1 and 2 in each stanza rhyme.
C The last words of lines 1 and 3 in each stanza rhyme.
D The last words of lines 2 and 3 in each stanza rhyme.
3 Which line from the selection shares a rhythmic pattern with the line
“Thirteen horses left; a small crew”?
A As clouds sail in the sky, Takhi again reigns.

B Takhi no longer appeared in the wild. Was it too late?
C Like tractors, they ate grasses and sprouts.
D Their coats grew thick, their muscles lean.
4 Explain the meaning of the simile in line 12.

The simile compares the horses to tractors when eating grass and sprouts.
Tractors pull up grass and greens as they run.
5 How do the commas in line 10 affect the rhythm of this line?

The commas interrupt the flow of the words, causing the reader to pause
several times.
Cold Reads T29

WEEK 10
UNIT 2, WEEK 5
Developing On-Level
1 Based on the information in both selections, why is it difficult to study the 1 According to information in both selections about breathing, how does
Amazon River dolphin? your body change when you face fear or stress?
A The dolphins are imaginary. A You breathe deeply.
B Most dolphins live in freshwater rivers. B You hold your breath.
C The dolphins’ size makes it easy for them to hide. C Your breathing gets faster.
D The coloring of the dolphins makes them hard to spot. D Your breathing gets slower.
2 Which sentence from the second selection supports the idea in the first 2 According to the information found in both selections, your heart responds
selection that Amazon River dolphins are not one solid color? to fear or stress by —
A There are three types that are found only in freshwater, like rivers. A stopping
B Of all the river dolphins, the Amazon River dolphin is the B slowing down
most studied. C skipping a beat
C They are paler on their underside. D beating more quickly
D But others are a beautiful pink color.
3 Which sentence from “Stressed Out” supports the idea from “Fight or
3 Based on information provided in both selections, the reader knows that Flight” that your body physically responds?
some Amazon River dolphins have — A Some days there is so much to do—cleaning your room, doing your
A long snouts homework, practicing your instrument . . .
B short bodies B You might feel a little stressed out.
C pink coloring C You’ll probably notice your muscles feel a little tight.
D heads that cannot turn D You can try some deep breathing or stretching exercises.
4 Describe the physical characteristics of Amazon River dolphins based on 4 Which of these ideas is found in both selections? Both selections suggest
details found in both selections. that your body —
Amazon River dolphins are a whitish gray or pink. They are dark on the top of A seeks protection
B pumps blood quickly
their bodies and a lighter color underneath.
C requires breathing to stay calm

D reacts physically to some situations
5 Based on the information in these two selections, how does your body’s
response to stress differ from your body’s response to fear?
With fear, your body sends chemicals to your brain and sends more blood
to your muscles in order to flee a situation. With stress, your muscles might
become tight.
Advanced
1 Read these sentences from the first selection. “Testers play a game many
times. They make notes about any problems.” Which sentence from the
second selection supports the idea expressed in these sentences?
A In many ways, Cho’s day at work is different from most people’s.
B He also writes long e-mails with detailed paragraphs explaining
problems with the games.
C While on the job, he must analyze, or check, games very carefully.
D Finishing his testing by a certain date can be stressful for Cho.
2 What information from “Video Game Tester” supports the idea from
“Cho’s Typical Day” that a tester is looking for problems in a game?
A A game tester works for a video game production company.
B A tester’s job begins when a game is close to its final stages
of development.
C A tester may find, for example, that a game’s menu does not work
correctly, or that pushing a button on the controller does not perform
the correct action.
D This process may take months.
3 Based on information in both selections, video game testers —

A take many breaks in a day
B do not need to go to school
C spend all day playing to win
D provide feedback on problems
4 Using details from both selections, describe the skills that a video game
tester needs for this job.
A video game tester needs to have the ability to make notes about a game,
attend meetings, and communicate through email.
5 Based on information from both selections, how is being a video game

tester stressful?
A tester’s job begins in the final stages of development and often must finish
by a certain date.
T30 Cold Reads

WEEK 11
UNIT 3, WEEK 1
Developing On-Level
1 How does Lucas feel at the beginning of the selection? 1 How does Rob’s interaction with Jayla at the beginning of the selection
A Tired from practice help him? She —
B Hopeful he will jump far A gives him advice on moves
C Happy that he is able to jump B advises him on the costumes
D Angry that he was late to practice C provides him with decorations
D makes him look forward to the show
2 Which detail from the selection tells about Lucas’s challenge?
A Lucas felt like his legs and arms were pumping in slow motion. 2 What sentence from the selection shows Rob’s thoughts about the talent
B Coach Singleton approached Lucas . . . show after Jayla gets hurt?
C Lucas realized the beginning of the jump was his problem. A “We have the coolest act for the talent show!” cried Jayla.
D . . . he looked over at Coach Singleton, who was smiling. B He showed Jayla two magician costumes, complete with top hats and
magic wands.
3 After listening to Coach Singleton’s advice, Lucas — C The duo practiced their act, memorizing their amazing tricks.
A wins the track meet D “Jayla, we will just have to forget about the talent show,” Rob said
B pictures himself succeeding gloomily as Jayla rested on the couch.
C decides to quit the long jump
3 How does Jayla feel about the performance in the talent show?
D needs to examine more videos
A Angry
4 Describe Coach Singleton’s interactions with Lucas before taking the team B Content
into the locker room. C Excited
Coach tries to help Lucas become a better jumper in each interaction by telling D Nervous
him to get his knees up and encouraging him. 4 Why does Rob surprise Jayla at the beginning of the selection?
A He wants new costumes.
B He does not want to do the show.
C He enjoys giving presents to his friends.

D He knows she is excited about the show.
5 How does Jayla change Rob’s mind about performing the show after she
goes to his house?
She encourages him and practices with him by helping him with movements
and tricks.
Advanced
1 Which sentence tells you how the children felt about realizing they needed
money for gas?
A “Father, I have a paper route after school,” Robert said.
B They all gave money to their parents to help pay for the home.
C They had created kites out of brown paper and mixed flour and water
for glue.
D The three children nodded glumly.
2 What detail shows a challenge the children faced?

A Their fathers worked at the same factory in their village.
B “You kids go out and have some fun now,” she encouraged.
C They did not have money to buy new toys, so the kids made
their own.
D But George wasn’t giving up on the idea.
3 Why do the three children have jobs? They —

A want to buy new toys
B are helping their families
C enjoy working after school
D need to plant a new garden
4 How does Mr. Johnson interact with the children?

He thanks them for helping out by getting jobs.
5 How does George respond to Robert’s being disappointed about the cost
of gas?
George has the idea of helping Mrs. Smith with her garden in exchange for gas
so they can go on the camping trip.
Cold Reads T31

WEEK 12
UNIT 3, WEEK 2
Developing On-Level
1 What sentence contains details that are important to the setting? 1 What is the conflict in paragraph 1?
A Mario put the controller down and thought about what had happened A There are not enough volunteers.
that morning . . . B The shelter animals have no homes.
B He asked his mom if he could use the computer to do some research. C Most people prefer boxers and collies.
C . . . the beam of the flashlight shone on some rabbit tracks among D Some animals don’t like to ride in cars.
the flowers.
2 The problem is resolved when —
D His mother’s face lit up like a flower in the bright country sun.
A Mrs. Garcia begins the meeting
2 What detail from the selection best explains the problem in the story? B Olivia remembers her friend in New York
A Mario was startled by his mother’s “Oh, no!” C they come up with a plan to transport the animals
B Mario noticed the nibbled leaves from the kitchen window as he got D there is an overpopulation of animals in the county
ready for school . . .
C Mario put the controller down and thought about what had happened 3 What sentence shows how Mrs. Garcia responds as the plot moves
that morning . . . to resolution?
D “We are looking for netting,” Mario explained while at the village A “I would send dogs to my son if I could, but . . .”
garden shop. B “I wish we could send her Tyson!”
C Mrs. Garcia warmed to the idea.
3 Which sentence shows the climax, or turning point, of the selection?
D Soon, Tyson was traveling two hundred miles to his new home!
A He saw that she was working so hard . . .
B He thought for a moment, and then he knew just what to do. 4 It is important that Olivia wishes they could send Tyson to New York
C The next day, Mario enlisted his uncle’s help. because her wish —
D When his mother arrived home, Mario and his uncle were waiting in A makes the group think about how to find homes
the backyard. B gives James the idea to take pictures of Tyson
C finds a new home with a new family for Tyson
4 How does the setting influence the solution to the story?
D leads Mrs. Garcia to ask her staff to have a meeting
The garden is the setting, and it needs netting to protect Mom’s flowers.
5 How does the setting of the animal shelter impact the plot?

The animal shelter is overpopulated, and they need to think of new ways to
find the animals homes.
Advanced
1 Which sentence contains a descriptive detail that shows what the

setting is?
A Jessica marched into the classroom with her backpack on tight and
began writing the date on the board.
B “But, Mrs. Green, don’t you want me to keep everyone in my group on
task?” asked Jessica.
C She made sure everyone in their group had a chance to contribute.
D “Besides, our group gave the best presentation.”
2 Which detail about Jessica shows that the plot of the selection is moving
toward resolution?
A “Mrs. Green won’t mind,” Jessica replied.
B Jessica frowned.
C “Besides, our group gave the best presentation.”
D “It’s good to be a part of the team,” smiled Jessica.
3 The problem of Jessica being upset is solved when —

A Jessica writes the date on the board to help Mrs. Green
B Lily finds Jessica eating lunch alone and goes to talk to her
C Mrs. Green divides the class into groups to do an assignment
D Jessica realizes that other students should get a turn to be a leader
4 What is the climax, or turning point, in the selection?

Jessica realizes that Lily is doing a good job as leader of the group.
5 In the falling action of the selection, what change does Lily see in Jessica?
Lily sees Jessica go from being angry she wasn’t a leader of the group to
saying that their group gave the best presentation.
T32 Cold Reads

WEEK 13
UNIT 3, WEEK 3
Developing On-Level
1 What detail from the selection best explains why the author included 1 What sentence from the selection explains why Pablo needs an
details about her dad? electric ear?
A This way, I learned about tools and cars. A No, I’m not a robot.
B After high school, I went to college . . . B . . . which means that I could not hear the sounds around me.
C . . . as soon as I sat down in my first class, I knew I had made the C When I was small, this kind of implant had not been invented yet . . .
right decision. D . . . she said I would have an operation to place the implant in my ear.
D I enjoy imagining how to design safer cars.
2 The author most likely included the fifth paragraph in the selection to —
2 Which sentence supports why the author wrote the selection? A provide more information about his impairment
A When I was a little girl, I used to watch my father work on his cars. B express his concerns about being hearing impaired
B When I was in high school, I helped him even more. C inform the reader of the results of getting an implant
C I am part of a team that is improving the first car that drives itself. D give information on how to live being hearing impaired
D It was my dad, my love for figuring out how things work, and a lot of
3 Which text evidence did the author include to express his feelings about
hard work.
having an electric ear?
3 The author wrote “The Engineer” most likely to — A My name is Pablo, and I have an electric ear.
A show how to become an engineer B Sign language let me use my hands to “speak” with my family
B explain why she became an engineer and friends.
C inform the reader that engineering is fun C When I was about ten years old, my parents told me that I would be
D persuade the reader to study engineering getting an implant.
D I can still remember the first time I could hear my parents’ voices. We
4 The author most likely included information about college to —
all cried.
The author most likely included information about college to show how she
4 The author wrote “My Electric Ear” mostly to —
changed something she enjoyed doing with her dad into something she A entertain with a fun story
could study. B inform others about implants
C express his opinion about operations

D persuade people to get hearing checks
5 Why did the author include the second paragraph?

The author included the second paragraph to inform the reader about what
it means to have a hearing impairment. The author describes how his
parents knew he had a hearing impairment and what the doctor said.
Advanced
1 What sentence from “Life as an Electrician” gives important information

about why the author wrote the selection?
A Modern cars wouldn’t run because they depend on
electrical systems.
B My parents kept telling me to leave him alone, but he didn’t seem
to mind.
C I wanted to know the what, the why, and the how of it.
D You must also have good eyesight and be able to see colors clearly.
2 The details from the author’s childhood relate to the information at the end
of the selection by showing that —
A the things the author was interested in as a child are things
electricians do
B following the electrician was all he needed to do to be an electrician
C everything one needs to know about being an electrician can be

learned as a child
D his parents had to convince him to go to school to be an electrician
3 The author wrote “Life as an Electrician” most likely to —

A persuade people to study about electricity in school
B describe school projects that are able to use electricity
C express an opinion about electricians being in good shape
D inform others of his interest in and path to being an electrician

The author’s purpose for writing the second paragraph was to explain how he
was interested in electricity even as a child.
5 What was the author’s purpose for including the paragraphs about
learning about electricity in school?
The author’s purpose was to provide information about what there is to do and
learn about being an electrician.
Cold Reads T33

WEEK 14
UNIT 3, WEEK 4
Developing On-Level
1 In “Ant, Person, Elephant,” Amy is willing to learn a new game. Which 1 How does Isabella reveal her feelings about hearing her mom’s memories
sentence from “Go-Go-Im” shows that its characters are like Amy? in “Common Ground”?
A I’d been saving apricot pits all summer, and I now had a giant bag full A My mom and I were bringing sweet plantains to Mrs. Garcia, our
of them. new neighbor.
B I’d also been collecting cardboard to make targets for the game. B They talked about the paths they had taken to become citizens.
C They wanted to see what this “awesome game from Israel” was C I watched my mom as she spoke with Mrs. Garcia.
all about. D “How about you tell me some more about Guatemala instead?” I said.
D I showed them how it was done.
2 In “Sharing Cultures,” Malia happily shares her culture with the school.
2 How are the narrator’s feelings about the game revealed in “Go-Go-Im”? Which sentence from “Common Ground” shows how Isabella is different
A I’d also been collecting cardboard to make targets for the game. from Malia?
B As he walked up to my table, my best friend Tom was joined by Clara, A I’d been reading my comic book and wasn’t all that excited
Maddie, and Dom. about going.
C I had been talking about it all summer, and I hoped that it would live B I sat down and listened as she and my mom traded stories
up to their expectations. about immigrating to the United States.
D Soon, everyone was tossing apricot pits, challenging each other to C I had thought I’d heard everything before.
see who could get the most points. D This time, though, my mom was sharing some new memories.
3 How are Gita in “Ant, Person, Elephant” and the narrator from “Go-Go-Im” 3 How does the narrator show the feelings of the main character in
similar? They both — “Sharing Cultures”?
A make new friends in school A “Where shall I put it?” she asked her teacher.
B teach games from another country B She was afraid she would forget a step and fall on the floor.
C tell stories about games they enjoy C Everything smelled delicious.
D take a risk to learn something new D Malia’s dance was first.
4 How are the feelings of Amy in “Ant, Person, Elephant” and the narrator 4 How are Isabella in “Common Ground” and Malia in “Sharing Cultures”
from “Go-Go-Im” different? similar? They both —

Amy is curious about learning a new game, while the narrator is excited about A like to cook and dance
B are students at the same school
teaching a new game.
C express themselves through words
D share food from their native countries
5 What are Isabella’s and Malia’s feelings toward their cultures of origin?
They are both proud of the cultures their families come from.
Advanced
1 Which sentence shows how the narrator reveals the feelings of the main
character in “What’s in a Word”?
A I was excited, but I wondered if we’d have anything in common.
B “I love your jumper, Katie,” she said as we walked upstairs.
C We even discovered we both belong to the same online reading club.
D “By the way,” she said with a smile, “a jumper is a sweater.”
2 How do Daniel’s feelings change from the beginning of “Sky Stones” to

the end? They change from —
A angry to calm
B anxious to excited
C happy to concerned
D nervous to confident
3 How are Katie in “What’s in a Word” and Daniel in “Sky Stones” similar? Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
They both —
A give a speech
B feel nervous about something
C enjoy spending time with their family
D create new pieces of art with their hands
4 In “What’s in a Word?” how does Katie feel when Pippa says, “I love
your jumper”?
She is confused because she doesn’t know what Pippa means.
5 How is the point of view in “Sky Stones” different from the point of view in
“What’s in a Word”? Provide text evidence that helps you explain.
“Sky Stones” has third person point of view. The author uses the main
character’s name, Daniel. “What’s in a Word?” has a first person point of view,
with the pronouns I and we being used throughout the selection.
T34 Cold Reads

WEEK 15
UNIT 3, WEEK 5
Developing On-Level
1 What does the figurative language “A watercolor painting” describe? 1 The poet uses repetition by including the line(s) —
A Art A I saw the different things you did,
B Clouds B I felt you push, I heard you call,/I could not see yourself at all—
C Stars C O you that are so strong and cold,
D Sunset D O wind, a-blowing all day long,/O wind, that sings so loud a song!
2 Read the last stanza. The word “whoosh” is an example of onomatopoeia. 2 The poet uses the words “like ladies’ skirts” to describe the sound of —
Which of the five senses does the word whoosh appeal to? A sky
A Hearing B wind
B Sight C kites
C Taste D songs
D Touch
3 What words from the poem create the image of wind moving?
3 What line from the poem helps the reader imagine the way a night A blow the birds
sky looks? B sings so loud
A It was late afternoon, C strong and cold
B I glanced at the skies— D all day long
C I couldn’t believe my eyes!
4 The poet uses figurative language in the line “Are you a beast of field and
D A new canvas to view.
tree” to show —
4 What words does the author use to compare the sky to a work of art? A the music of the wind
Choose two details to support your answer. B the stillness of the wind
The author calls the night sky a new canvas, which is the material some C the strength of the wind
D the temperature of the wind
paintings are made on. The author calls the sky a watercolor painting
brushed across the sky. 5 How does the poet use the line “I saw you toss the kites on high” to
engage the reader’s senses?

It engages the reader’s sense of sight. The reader is able to imagine the
image of a kite being “tossed” around. This suggests that the kite is moving
up and down, just like a ball or toy being tossed.
Advanced
1 What line from the poem helps you picture what the cat looks like?
A From high atop the tallest trees
B His eyes still sparkle orange-gold
C But he can leap and climb up still
D And catch them now in his mind’s eye,
2 What detail from the poem combines with the line “His once bright stripes
of marmalade” to help the reader imagine the cat’s fur?
A A tiger cat
B Shadows down the hall
C A catnip mouse
D Of hunting days
3 Which metaphor from the poem helps the reader imagine the cat as
a hunter?
A His realm is now inside my house,
B His fiercest prey a catnip mouse,
C To sit and watch the birds fly by
D Then curl right up onto my lap
4 Why does the author include the metaphor “His own special delivery”?
The metaphor compares the gifts that the cat brings his owner with a special
delivery mail package. The author includes this to show that the cat used to
love bringing gifts to his owner.
5 What is the rhyme scheme of this poem? Explain what effect this rhyme
scheme creates.
The rhyme scheme of this poem is that every two lines rhyme. This creates
the effect of being like a song and keeps the poem moving along.
Cold Reads T35

WEEK 16
UNIT 4, WEEK 1
Developing On-Level
1 The pilot helps the merchant and his team of men by — 1 Read paragraph 6. What character trait helps Molly escape from the giant?
A showing them the best place to sell their wares A Helpfulness
B telling them in which direction they should travel B Intelligence
C finding the best wagons and oxen to pull the wagons C Being nervous
D explaining to them how to read the stars and find water D Being ordinary
2 What does the boy do to help the other characters in the story? 2 Read this sentence from the selection.
A Finds food
Rose and Petunia trembled, but Molly declared, “We will have
B Digs for water
dinner finished before he knows we’re here, if you will be so kind.”
C Looks for grass
D Cares for the oxen What does Molly being bold in this sentence lead the sisters to do?
3 Which sentence shows how the pilot feels about traveling another day in A Walk home
the desert? B Enter the house
A The pilot could read the stars and tell the men in which direction C Run from the giant
to travel. D Play with the woman
B The sun shone so brightly that the desert was as hot as an iron,
3 What is one thing Molly’s bravery leads her to do?
and the men and animals could not travel by day.
A Arrive home
C The pilot realized this was not a good situation.
B Knock on the door
D “Quick, someone fetch the spade and hammer!” he commanded.
C Speak to her sisters
4 What does the pilot do to help the other characters when he realizes they D Swim across the river
will die if they do not find water?
4 Read this sentence from the selection.
The pilot searches for grass because he knows that grass can only grow if
water is nearby. Rose and Petunia were afraid to try.

What does Molly being brave lead the sisters to do after this sentence?
A Cross the bridge
B Eat with the giant
C Knock on the door
D Walk down the road
5 How is Molly’s character different from her sisters’ characters?

Molly is brave and takes chances, while her sisters are afraid to do anything.
Advanced
1 What does Thor being fearless cause him to do in paragraph 4?

A Cook
B Eat
C Fish
D Sing
He was surprised at the speed of Thor’s oaring.
What does this sentence tell you about how Hymer felt about Thor? He —
A was fearful of the sea serpent
B had predicted the bravery of Thor
C had underestimated Thor’s strength
D was glad to have Thor’s help fishing
3 Which detail shows how Thor feels about Aegar’s request?

A To get it, however, would be dangerous.
B “I live for a challenge!” answered Thor.
C Thor rowed them to shore.
D Thor told the story of his adventures.
4 How is Hymer different when he is at sea and when he is home?

When Hymer is at sea he is fearful and trembles, but at home he feels brave.
5 Read this detail from the selection.
Thor boasted all night long of his adventures.
What can the reader infer about the reason Thor accepted
Aegar’s challenge?
Thor enjoys bragging about conquering the challenge.
T36 Cold Reads

WEEK 17
UNIT 4, WEEK 2
Developing On-Level
1 What detail from the selection helps to show John Henry’s feelings 1 Which is one of Joe’s successes?
about himself? A Being known as a donkey
A John Henry got work building the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. B Knocking a train off the tracks
B “I can drive more steel than ten men,” Henry told his boss, C Stirring tubs of hot steel with his hands
Captain Tommy. D Making steel cooler by pouring water on it
C “Lil’ Bill,” he said, “come and hold the steel for the new man. We’ll see
how well he pounds.” 2 Read paragraph 4 from the selection. In what way does it show how Joe
feels about his crew? It shows that Joe —
D Captain Tommy inspected the work and declared, “John Henry, you
were made to smash hard rock!” A values their lives
B thinks they work hard
2 Read these sentences from the selection.
C does not care about them
D is angry because he does all the work
John Henry swung the hammer above his head, over and over.
Everyone who gathered stared as he pounded. 3 Joe’s actions show the reader that he —
A is brave and respects people
What does the paragraph tell the reader about John Henry’s character? B cares only about steel workers
He is — C enjoys working hard at the mine
A angry D does not like working with others
B helpful
4 Which detail(s) helps the reader infer a theme of the selection?
C determined
D excited A Maybe that’s because he was born in an iron ore mine and
raised in a furnace!
3 What is the main theme of the selection? B At the steel mill, Joe did the work of twenty-nine men.
A Bragging is all right if you can prove you can do it. C He looked up and saw that a crane holding molten steel was
B When someone is strong, they can beat a machine. about to break and release its contents onto everyone below.
C If you work hard, your boss will give you more work. D Joe may have been a man of steel, but he didn’t have a heart

D Having confidence in your abilities can help you succeed. of steel. He had a heart of gold.
4 What do John Henry’s actions working on the railroad tell the reader about 5 What is the main theme of the selection?
his values? Being brave and selfless can save the lives of others.
He enjoys hard work and isn’t afraid of a challenge.
Advanced
1 Read paragraphs 2 and 3. What do Davy’s words imply about Sally Ann?
A She can win any race.
B She is tough and strong.
C She is scared of alligators.
D She can save one hundred lives.
2 Read this paragraph from the selection.
“What has gotten into you, Mike Fink? Are you ill? Do I need to
take your temperature?”
This sentence tells the reader that Sally Ann is —

A sad
B calm
C happy
D nervous
3 Which sentence best supports a theme of the selection?

A Sally Ann Crockett was known near and far for being the
toughest woman in the land.
B One day, a boatman named Mike Fink got tired of hearing Davy
Crockett’s boasting.
C So, the next day, Mike Fink dressed up as an alligator and hid
in the bushes to wait for Sally Crockett.
D Mike Fink was so embarrassed that he decided that he would
never try to scare Sally Ann again.
4 What do Sally’s actions tell the reader about her?

She is not fearful and stays calm.
5 What is a theme of this selection?

No surprise situations will scare you when you are tough, calm, and confident.
Cold Reads T37

WEEK 18
UNIT 4, WEEK 3
Developing On-Level
1 Which line is an example of dialogue said by Andrew? 1 Which example from the selection describes something the
A Caring for a dog is a big responsibility. You know that, right? audience hears?
B Sure! You feed it, and walk it, and . . . make sure it has a nice bed A Scene 1 (DAD is finishing a cup of coffee. KEVIN is eating cereal.)
and toys to play with. B DAD: Tell you what—I’ll start with the laundry while you finish your
C Andrew, that plant doesn’t look too good! breakfast. Bring the iron and ironing board in here, okay?
D Let it dry out for a few days and see if it gets better. C (DAD comes into the living room to look at KEVIN’S work. He
frowns when sees that KEVIN has missed many areas of the
2 Read these lines from the selection. carpet.)
D (DAD makes motions with his hands to show KEVIN.)
(DAD is making dinner. MOM is reading the newspaper.
ANDREW is reading a book about dogs.) 2 Based on the final stage direction from Scene 2, how does Kevin feel?
A Tired
What element of a play is shown in these lines? B Bored
A Cast C Cheerful
B Setting D Disgusted
C Dialogue
3 Which line of dialogue shows Kevin’s feelings in Scene 1?
D Stage directions
A Do you remember our agreement?
3 Read the stage directions in Scene 2. Which word from the stage B Yeah, I remember.
directions best describes Dad’s emotions in Scene 2? C Well, there’s no better time to learn!
A comes D Bring the iron and ironing board in here, okay?
B looks
4 Dad helps Kevin learn to enjoy cleaning more by —
C frowns
A singing a song
D takes
B listening to music
4 Read Scene 2. What are Andrew’s actions after he gets a plant? C eating his breakfast

He waters his plant too much. It overflows. D playing video games
5 Read the dialogue in Scene 1. How does Dad respond when Kevin
says he does not know how to clean?
Dad suggests it is a good time to learn how to clean.
Advanced
1 Which line of dialogue explains to the audience why Maria is upset?

A I know you are disappointed, Maria. Why don’t you go read
your new book about the planets?
B My goodness, what’s the matter?
C Well, it’s just that it’s been raining forever. And I wanted to ride
my new bike today. I’m so bored!
D Oh, no? It’s easy. I’ll show you my special folding method.
2 Read the stage directions from Scene 1. What is Maria doing at the
beginning of Scene 1?
A Riding her bicycle
B Talking with her uncle
C Looking out the window
D Making paper airplanes Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
3 Which sentence suggests how Maria feels about the rain? Maria —
A loves staying inside
B has fun reading books
C is bored and disappointed
D enjoys helping her mother
4 Read the dialogue after Uncle Juan enters. What does Uncle Juan
suggest Maria do while she is stuck indoors?
He suggests she make paper airplanes and offers to teach her how.
5 What do the stage directions show about Maria’s emotions after

Uncle Juan helps her?
Her mood gets better, and she enjoys her time with Uncle Juan.
T38 Cold Reads

WEEK 19
UNIT 4, WEEK 4
Developing On-Level
1 Which text evidence helps the reader determine the selection’s theme? 1 Which phrase could be added 3 Which words from the selection tell
A Finally, the train arrived at the station! to the title to make an inference you the importance history plays in
B Amanda waved good-bye to her father as he continued on his way. about the theme? developing the story’s theme?
C The next day, she and her aunt went out shopping. A scraps from almost A impossibly perfect, she
D Amanda realized that although New York had many more people, the everyone hated working on it
city also had many of the same things her town did. B old green tie B Maddie sighed, don’t be so
C perfect straight seams impatient
2 Which detail in paragraphs 2 and 3 helps determine a theme? C many wonderful memories,
D labor of love
A As she watched the countryside fly by, Amanda thought about our family—our stories
her trip. 2 Which detail shows what
D her stitches were crooked,
B In fact, Amanda was certain that when she was older, she would move Maddie’s grandmother thinks
I’m just not good at sewing
to a big city instead of living in a little country town as she did now. is important?
C As Amanda stepped onto the platform, she noticed everyone rushing A she could be playing with 4 Which sentence does the author
and dashing about. someone, or reading, or use to suggest that Maddie has
drawing experienced an important change?
D It seemed as if they all had somewhere important to be!
B her grandmother—Nana— A Over time, the blocks had
3 Which sentence does the author use to suggest that Amanda will was determined that Maddie faded and the quilt had
experience an important change in her thinking? learn softened.
A Amanda and her father had been on the train all morning. C the quilt was created a B “If you move your fingers
B They stopped at a small neighborhood store. long time ago when Nana’s too quickly and don’t pay
C Amanda was surprised when she entered. great-grandmother collected attention . . . well, crooked
D As the storeowner greeted her aunt by name, Amanda looked around. clothing scraps stitches show up.”
D the love she had for her C Everywhere she looked,
4 Why was Amanda going into the store with her aunt important in parents, her aunts and there was a family story,
developing a theme of this selection? uncles, and even her little waiting to be told.
It was important because it made Amanda realize that big cities are more brothers D She realized how much
she loved the quilt and

similar to small towns than she previously thought.
found herself sewing. One.
Straight. Stitch. At. A. Time.
5 What inference can you make about how Nana’s words shape Maddie’s
actions? Cite text evidence that supports your inference.
Nana encourages Maddie to not “be so impatient” and to think of good family
memories as she sews. This causes Maddie to slow down, think of the love she
has for her family, and sew the quilt carefully.
Advanced
1 Which text evidence helps you determine the selection’s theme?

A Her parents owned The Daily Telegraph.
B Their competition was The Observer.
C It seemed as if everyone read that paper.
D Lily was proud of herself for helping her family.
2 The detail “working up her courage” tells you that —

A Lily is not sure how she can help her family
B Lily feels scared but wants to help her family
C Thompson and Sons has said no to her request, so she must
keep trying
D others have the same idea as Lily, and she has to fight for what she wants
3 Which statement from the selection helps you infer a main theme of
the story?
A How could Lily help?
B . . . right now her only job, other than schoolwork, was folding the
newspapers each day.
C Then, she remembered that Thompson and Sons printing company
had recently shut down . . .
D Lily was excited too—it was the beginning of a new adventure for
the newspaper!
4 How does the title help you infer the theme of this selection? Use ideas
from the selection.
It helps me infer the theme of helping family because Lily helps her family solve
a big problem when she comes up with the idea of buying a used press.
5 Why was Lily remembering that Thompson and Sons had recently shut
down important in developing a theme of this story?
Lily remembering that Thompson and Sons had recently shut down was
important because she was able to make it possible for her parents to get a
steam-powered press and compete with the other newspaper.
Cold Reads T39

WEEK 20
UNIT 4, WEEK 5
Developing On-Level
1 What text evidence tells the main idea of “The Origins of Summer 1 What is a common theme in “The Myth of Prometheus” and “Maui Brings
and Winter”? Fire to the World”?
A Bitter cold winds blew, and the corn stopped growing A Humans need fire for happiness.
B He reminded her of Shakok’s great temper. B Humans need to travel the world.
C Her father ordered her to bring Miochin to the village. C The gods of fire share gladly with humans.
D The people came to have both Summer and Winter D The gods of fire want humans to have warmth.
2 What familiar topic do these myths both tell about? 2 Which action does Maui repeat in “Maui Brings Fire to the World”?
A The need to believe in others A Waking up the villagers
B The struggle between opposites B Promising to care for the fire
C The desire to save others from danger C Breaking off branches of a certain type of tree
D The importance of being generous to others D Throwing Mahuika’s fingernails into the stream
3 What is one similarity between the characters in The “Origins of Summer 3 Which event occurs in both selections?
and Winter” and “How Seasons Arrived”? A The taker of fire is rewarded.
A Shakok and Hades are both in charge of winter. B Humans ask the gods for fire.
B Co-Chin’s father and Demeter both watch over crops. C Gods are deceived to get fire.
C Miochin and Demeter are both able to solve the problem. D Gods punish the taker of fire.
D Co-Chin and Persephone are both daughters of important people.
4 Why is Zeus angry when he finds out what Prometheus has done?
4 How are the main ideas of “Origins of Summer and Winter” and A Having fire will harm humans.
“How Seasons Arrived” similar to each other? Provide evidence from B Humans were happy with fire.
the selections. C Only the gods are allowed to have fire.
They are similar because they both show how the seasons came to be. In the D Zeus asked Prometheus to stay on Mount Olympus.
first selection, the author says, “And with this method, the people came to have 5 How are these two myths different?
both Summer and Winter.” In the second selection, the author says, “When

They are different because Prometheus gets punished and Maui does not. The
Persephone visited Demeter, the plants and crops grew. But when she went to villagers already have fire in the second myth, but in the first one only the gods
the Underworld, nothing grew at all.” do.
Advanced
1 These two myths both discuss the topic of —

A gods of the sky
B creatures of land and sea
C people running away from danger
D star formations we can still see today
2 These myths are examples of —

A moral lessons
B trickster myths
C creation stories
D friendship tales
3 Why did Coyote toss all the stars into the sky?
A Coyotes need light to hunt at night.
B The fire god requested Coyote’s help.
C Coyote was impatient with the fire god’s method.
D It was easier for Coyote to toss them than hang them.
4 How are these two myths different? Use evidence from the text.
These two myths are different because in the first one, there are already stars,
and Zeus just adds more. The selection shows this when it says, “He placed
them among the constellations.” In the second one, there are no stars in the
night sky before the fire god adds them. It says, “the fire god began placing
stars into the night sky.”
5 What are these two myths attempting to explain?

These two myths are attempting to explain how the stars and constellations
were created.
T40 Cold Reads

WEEK 21
UNIT 5, WEEK 1
Developing On-Level
1 Which animal mentioned in the selection could live in the part of the ocean 1 Which detail from paragraph 3 does the diagram show?
shown in the picture? A Divergent earthquakes happen when the plates are pulled apart.
A Orca B This type usually happens at the bottom of the ocean.
B Anglerfish C Divergent earthquakes can cause tidal waves hundreds of feet high.
C Giant squid D A tidal wave is many times bigger than most ocean waves.
D Vampire squid
2 Based on the diagram, a strike-slip earthquake can —
2 What detail in paragraph 1 is helped by the picture? A cause a tidal wave
A Do you ever wonder what it would be like to live deep in the ocean? B break a highway apart
B Many sea animals have not seen the ocean floor, either. C push one plate under another
C The deep ocean is cold, dark, and hard to live in. D cause water to enter Earth’s core
D But the ocean is actually full of interesting creatures from top
3 From the diagram, you can see that in a convergent earthquake —
to bottom.
A both tectonic plates are forced upward
3 The picture of the ocean is included to show — B both tectonic plates are forced downward
A how deep the ocean is C one tectonic plate slides on top of the other
B how deep humans can dive D the tectonic plates are pulled in opposite directions
C a place where swimmers can avoid sharks
4 The diagram of the earthquakes is included to show —
D a place in the ocean where animal life is found
A why earthquakes are dangerous
4 What information does the picture provide that the selection does not? B how to avoid being in an earthquake
The picture shows some of the special equipment that a scuba diver uses C the places that have lots of earthquakes
in order to explore in the ocean. The selection does not describe the D the plate movements that cause earthquakes
equipment. 5 How do the arrows in the diagram support the information in

the selection?

The arrows show the directions the tectonic plates move during an earthquake.
The arrows make it easy to see what the text describes.
Advanced
1 The diagram shows some of the details described in what part of the
selection?
A Paragraph 1
B Paragraph 2
C Paragraph 3
D Paragraph 4
2 Which food is mentioned in the diagram but not in the selection?

A Oils
B Fruits
C Sugar
D Vegetables
3 Which part of the selection helps the reader understand that kids do not
eat enough fruits and vegetables?

A Paragraph 1
B Paragraph 2
C Paragraph 3
D Paragraph 4
4 Summarize the information shown in the diagram table. Does this

information support the selection?
The diagram shows that boys and girls need to eat vegetables, fruits, dairy,
grains, oils, and protein foods. The information in the diagram supports the
selection.
5 What is one fact from the selection that is not shown in the diagram?
The selection explains that we eat too much salt and sugar. The diagram does
not show this information.
Cold Reads T41

WEEK 22
UNIT 5, WEEK 2
Developing On-Level
1 Which detail supports the idea that sports equipment has changed over 1 Which detail supports the idea that comets and asteroids are similar?
the years? A Stars that burn
A Crossing a finish line B It has a tail
B Baseball became popular C They will reappear
C They were made of leather D Also orbit the sun
D Exactly what players want
2 Which detail supports the idea that comets and asteroids
2 Which detail supports the central idea of the selection? have differences?
A Sometimes a new rule is added or an old one is taken away. A Comets are made of ice and dirt and orbit the sun.
B Baseball became popular in America in the 1800s. B Scientists have been able to keep track of a number of
C Batting helmets were first used around the early 1900s. traveling comets.
D Before that, batters risked getting hit in the head by wild pitches. C However, asteroids are made of rock, carbon, and metal.
D Even with a telescope, people can have trouble telling the difference
3 What is the main idea of the selection?
between an asteroid and a comet.
A Sports have become safer.
B Baseball is safer than football. 3 Which detail shows the relationship between comets, asteroids,
C Safety equipment is not required in professional sports. and meteoroids?
D Playing by the rules is the most important aspect of sports. A Gas and dust travel behind a comet
B Asteroids are made of rock, carbon, and metal
4 Which details from the selection support the idea that better equipment C Meteoroids are pieces of a comet or asteroid that break off
reduces a player’s chances of injury on the field?
D If it lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite
Better equipment means that athletes are safer. For example, the selection
4 What is the central idea of the selection?
states “batters risked getting hit in the head by wild pitches” before helmets A Things from space end up on Earth eventually.
were worn. It also states, “plastic helmets improved safety” since helmets B Comets, meteoroids, and asteroids are very similar.
C Most things in space are made up of the same materials.
used to be leather. Shoulder pads and facemasks were also worn. Stronger

D Comets, meteoroids, and asteroids are all visible from Earth.
equipment means players don’t get hurt as much.
5 Imagine you and a friend saw a shooting star. Use details from the
selection to explain exactly what you saw.
What we saw was a meteor. It was a piece of comet or asteroid that broke off
from a bigger ball in space and burned up in Earth’s atmosphere.
Advanced
1 Which detail supports the main idea of the selection?

A Japan is a small country made of several islands
B Their resources were limited
C Japan started to focus on exports in the 1960s
D Television became more common
2 Which detail supports an idea about the relationship between the size of
the country and the type of goods it exports?
A Japan had a hard time growing enough crops
B Computer parts did not require much space to build
C As Japan’s profits grew, so did its population
D Many groups have turned to green energy like solar panels

A How countries rebuilt after World War II
B How it is easier for smaller countries to export goods
C How such a small country has such a large economy
D How to fit a large population into a space smaller than California
4 How do the details in the selection support the central idea?

The details about exporting cars and electronics show how Japan was able to
create goods to export even though they are a small country in area.
5 Which details support the idea that expanding the economy had a bad
effect on the environment?
The details about the population and the number of exports increasing show
that pollution started to increase. The details about green energy and solar
panels tell the reader that Japan is fighting pollution.
T42 Cold Reads

WEEK 23
UNIT 5, WEEK 3
Developing On-Level
1 What is the author’s main argument? 1 What is the author’s main argument in this selection?
A Vegetables are healthier than fruit. A Sleep makes people more creative.
B Scientists disagree about food and health. B The biggest benefit of sleep is dreaming.
C Both fruits and vegetables are good for you. C The more you sleep the more energy you have.
D Getting the right amount of sugar is important. D Sleep is just as important as eating right and exercising.
2 Which detail from the selection supports the author’s argument? 2 Which detail supports the author’s argument?
A Getting the right amount of calories is a significant part of being healthy. A Everyone knows that eating right and exercising are part of a
B Fruits and vegetables are low in calories . . . healthy lifestyle.
C . . . potatoes pack more potassium punch than bananas B Children in school need between nine and twelve hours of sleep
D You should eat four servings of vegetables a day. a night . . .
C . . . it’s like running an engine too long
3 How does the information in paragraph 3 support the author’s
D It helps build up your immune system to fight colds and diseases.
main argument?
A It shows that our bodies need a lot of sugar. 3 What evidence does the author use to show that sleep helps more people
B It explains how too much fruit can be bad for you. than just the one sleeping?
C It gives examples of vegetables that are low in sugar. A A well-rested brain affects everything you do, from playing sports to
D It explains that vegetables have no sugar and are healthier. taking tests.
B Not sleeping enough contributes to problems like obesity.
4 What is the issue being debated in this selection? C There are nearly 100,000 car crashes every year due to sleepy drivers.
The issue being debated is whether fruits or vegetables are healthier. D Many children groan when it’s time for bed. They think that sleeping is
not any fun.
4 Which detail from the article supports the idea that sleep benefits
your brain?
A Eventually you’ll need to fill it up with gas.
B You are better at recognizing symbols and patterns . . .

C When you sleep, you might think you are doing nothing.
D They think that sleeping is not any fun.
5 Which details show how sleep can help students do better in school?
The author says that “a well-rested brain affects your entire body, from playing
sports to taking tests. You are better at recognizing symbols and patterns that
can make math easier.”
Advanced
1 Which sentence tells the reader the author’s main argument?

A Nearly 70 percent of the homes in the United States have a pet.
B Dogs, however, are the perfect pet for most people.
C Scientists are still not sure when or how dogs were tamed.
D Every dog today came from a long line of wolves.
2 Which detail supports the author’s argument?

A Whether you like fish, birds, cats, or hamsters, pets are great
companions for people.
B Every dog today came from a long line of wolves.
C Dogs were the first animal to be domesticated.
D Retrievers can be trained to be guide dogs to help blind people.
3 How do the details in paragraph 4 support the author’s main argument?

A They show that all types of people love dogs.

B They show how dogs naturally comfort people.
C They prove that dogs are most useful in the military.
D They give an example of how dogs can help humans.
4 Which argument does the sentence “Bloodhounds are excellent at

tracking other animals for hunting” support?
That detail supports the argument that dogs are useful and can do work for
people all over the world.
5 What reasons might the author give for why having a dog is better than
having a pet fish?
The author might say a dog is better than a fish because a fish can’t help
humans as much. It can’t pull sleds, help police, or guide humans in the street.
Cold Reads T43

WEEK 24
UNIT 5, WEEK 4
Developing On-Level
1 Which detail explains why a dog is called “man’s best friend”? 1 Which detail from the selection explains the idea in the title?
A Dogs can be loyal companions for people. A . . . making their homes in gutters and boxes.
B . . . dogs need to be fed daily and have a well-balanced diet. B If you see a bird at a bird feeder, it is most likely to be a sparrow.
C . . . dogs can get bored without regular exercise. C . . . they are actually an invasive species.
D . . . a dog is a good choice. D Sparrows were first brought to the United States in the 1850s.
2 The details in paragraph 2 support the idea of — 2 Which word or phrase from the selection explains why invasive species
A taking care of dogs are a problem?
B dogs not getting bored A Introduced
C dogs sleeping comfortably B Take over
D how to choose the best dog breed C Set free
D Throughout
3 The reminder in the final paragraph supports the idea that —
A dogs have a lot of needs 3 The way sparrows interact with other birds supports the idea that —
B getting a pet is an easy decision A sparrows must be set free to breed
C dogs are a good choice for everyone B sparrows challenge other birds for food
D everyone should consider getting a pet C other birds can protect their nests from sparrows
D other birds have an advantage because they are native to the area
4 Write the details that would allow you to explain to someone how to care
for a dog. Use ideas from the selection. 4 The author’s description of sparrows as “far from harmless” supports the
idea that —
To care for a dog, the owner should feed it the right amount, make sure it gets
A sparrows look nice but are in fact harmful
exercise, give it a comfortable bed, and make sure to groom it and take it to B there is now a very high sparrow population
the vet. C invading species are especially harmful to birds
D sparrows have traveled great distances from New York
5 What would you say to someone who wanted to bring a new species of

animal into your hometown? Use ideas from the selection.
I would say that bringing a new species into my town is a bad idea. Invasive
species might harm the species that are already here. The new species may
challenge other birds for the same food and homes, which leaves less food for
the species already here.
Advanced
1 What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A Humans invented soap a long time ago.
B The earliest soaps were likely used on cloth.
C Historians know exactly when soap was invented.
D People have always used soap to clean themselves.
2 Which detail from the selection helps explain why some people did not
use soap to clean themselves?
A The spread of germs
B Made of animal fat and ashes
C Adding different ingredients
D Soaps cost so much
3 The information in paragraph 1 supports the idea that soap —

A kills germs
B has quite a story to tell
C has changed a lot over time
D is better when oil or fruit is added
4 Which details from the selection support the idea that “soap has changed
a lot over time”?
Originally, people used soap for cleaning wool and cloth. Then, people added
fruit or oil to make soaps better. After that, men used it to shave and people
started cleaning their hair. Eventually, soap became cheap enough that
everyone could use it.
5 Using ideas from the selection, explain why soap made human life better.
Soap made human life better because it made clothes and people cleaner.
Soap also kills germs, so people who have soap are less sick.
T44 Cold Reads

WEEK 25
UNIT 5, WEEK 5
Developing On-Level
1 What caused the Wright brothers to build a flying machine? 1 Solar flares —
A It was dangerous. A have no effect on Earth
B They had great interest in flight. B cause the northern lights
C A customer asked them to do it. C are visible to the naked eye from Earth
D They wanted to patent the airplane. D only affect the sky in the Northern Hemisphere
2 According to the selection, the Wright brothers knew that if they flew a 2 Which detail from the first selection explains what causes solar flares?
plane they might — A Extra magnetic energy
A get hurt B Dancing across the night sky
B be interviewed C The sun sends heat and light to earth
C amaze the world D Particles might come out in a big burst
D become interested in flight
3 The details in the first selection support the idea in selection 2 that “you
3 The Wright brothers took their first plane near the ocean because — might catch a glimpse of shimmering lights” because they —
A the wind was helpful A explain how the northern lights form
B there was more fuel there B describe how solar flares got their name
C they needed to start on water C describe what happens when satellites are damaged
D they could show more people D explain why auroras only happen in the extreme north and south
4 What details are included in “Witness to Flight” that are not in “Taking to 4 The auroras glow because —
the Sky”? A they appear so briefly
“Witness to Flight” includes descriptions by people who saw the Wright brothers B of the particles of energy
C there are no satellite signals
take their first flight.
D they are actually caused by the sun
5 What needs to happen in order for humans to see the northern lights?
Write out the causes and their effects.

First, the sun has to release extra magnetic energy, and that sends out
particles. Then, the particles from that energy bump into gases in the Northern
or Southern Hemisphere of Earth. The particles bumping into gases causes the
reaction that creates the glowing lights in the night sky.
Advanced
1 Which detail is in the first selection but not the second selection?
A There used to be life on Pluto.
B Pluto became too small to see.
C Scientists are not sure if Pluto exists.
D Pluto was considered a planet but is not anymore.
2 The new planet was called Pluto because it was —

A extremely cold
B very far from the sun
C hidden in the solar system
D discovered during Roman times
3 Scientists began looking for a ninth planet because —

A Uranus and Neptune had unusual orbits
B the Lowell Observatory received new data

C Clyde Tombaugh believed Pluto was not a star
D new rules changed the definition of what a planet is
4 What evidence from the selections explains how Clyde Tombaugh was
able to discover Pluto?
He was able to discover Pluto because he was able to look at photos of deep
space and spot it.
5 What caused Pluto to be named “Pluto”?

A girl named Venetia heard about the planet and knew it was a long distance
from Earth. Because it was so far away, she thought it should be named for
Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld. Then, she told her grandfather, who
told the scientists at the observatory.
Cold Reads T45

Name Reaching for the Moon
Directions: Read the selection and answer the questions that follow.
My Life as a Park Ranger

I think that I have the best job in the world. I am a park ranger. To 17
get a job like mine, you must study geology, forestry, or another 29
earth science. You must work very hard, but the job is rewarding. 41
I enjoy working outdoors and sharing the wonders of nature with 52
the visitors to my beautiful park. One of the best parts of my job is 67
the independence I enjoy. I lead tours on my own, and some nights 80
I get to sleep in a cabin in the woods with only the bears and owls 96
around me! 98
I wanted to work as a park ranger since I was young. At first, I did 114
not know if I would be able to do it. My grades in science were 129
not always the best. But I was determined. Camping, hiking, and 140
canoeing every summer filled my heart with joy. I believed that 151
working in a park would be a dream come true. 161
This is my fifth year working as a park ranger. I’ve worked at three 175
different parks around the state. I’ve learned so much about fish, 186
trees, and all kinds of wildlife. Some weekends, I help young 197
campers reach their campsites on the far side of the lake. Once I 210
even taught a family how to pitch a tent. Not everyone knows how 223
to make a fire or paddle a canoe. I feel like I make a real difference 239
when I help park visitors enjoy the outdoors more. The best part 251
of my job is helping people discover new ways to experience the 263
amazing outdoors! 265
Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads D 1

1 What is the author’s main purpose for writing this selection?
A To name jobs that work outdoors
B To teach the reader how to camp
C To explain why being a park ranger is great
D To list the characteristics of good park rangers
2 Why does the author include the anecdote about helping young campers?
A To teach others to pitch tents
B To give a reason for enjoying this job
C To list one of the challenges of being a park ranger
D To explain the importance of taking care of wildlife
3 Which sentence from the selection helps identify the author’s message?
A My grades in science were not always the best.
B I’ve worked at three different state parks around the state.
C Not everyone knows how to make a fire or paddle a canoe.
D The best part of my job is helping people discover new ways to
experience the amazing outdoors!
4 How do the details the author provides about school and grades in
paragraph 2 support the author’s purpose?
2 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads D

The Wordsmith
I was only three years old when my parents discovered that I was a 14
wordsmith, which is a person who is good with words. They could see 27
(and hear!) that I used hard words for my age. I was always asking, 41
“What is the word for this?” or “Why is a teapot called that?” 54
I can remember listening to my parents and brother talk when 65
I was young. They would have long conversations over dinner, and 76
at first, I would just listen, soaking up the language. At one dinner, 89
my father used the word “prestidigitation”! I had no idea what 100
it meant, and when I asked, he said, “Sara, you know where our 113
dictionary is!” I couldn’t wait to finish eating so I could look it up. 127
As soon as I learned how to make sentences into stories, I wanted 140
to learn as many words as I could. Our talks over dinner created a 154
place in my heart for all things word related. 163
Soon, I was part of those dinnertime discussions, and we talked 174
about everything! We talked about the difference in meaning 182
between words like “murmur” and “mumble.” When I was in 193
elementary school, we began playing word games together. 201
I entered spelling bees, and my parents quizzed me with flash 212
cards of the most difficult words. Every weekend, we solved the 223
crossword puzzle in the newspaper. As I grew older, my fascination 234
with beautiful words grew as well. 240
There are so many interesting words, and most people will only 251
ever know a fraction of them. Did you know that the end of a 265
shoelace is called an aglet? The part of the shoe that fits under the 279
laces is the tongue, just like the one in your mouth. 290
How many words do you think there are in all? As a wordsmith, 303
I feel I must find out. 309
Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads OL 3

A discuss the meaning of words
B identify good word-centered games
C convince children to read more books
D explain a love for words since childhood
2 The author uses an anecdote in paragraph 2. This anecdote shows that

the narrator —
A enjoyed talking more than listening
B enjoyed playing with toys more than books
C learned a lot about words during childhood dinners
D learned exactly how many words there are in the world
3 The author included paragraphs 2 and 3 to —

A explain how to eat healthy meals
B persuade people to eat with parents
C provide information about family traditions
D show how her family helped support her interests
4 The author includes details about games, quizzes, and conversation in

paragraph 3 to —
A show fun ways the author learned more about words
B encourage the reader to learn words by using flash cards
C convince readers to play games and eat with their parents
D provide readers with an example of talking about their day
5 How does the author use words like aglet and tongue to help support the Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
purpose of the selection?
4 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads OL

I Work with Manatees

Today is a day like any other. I head to Blue Spring State Park in 15
Florida, my “office.” I slip on my rubber boots. I wander down to 28
the riverfront with my backpack full of notebooks, thermometers, 37
and collecting jars. Some people sit at a desk at work, but not me! 51
Instead, I load up my canoe and paddle out to the still, calm waters. 65
My eyes catch a glimpse of a large gray animal. I can see why 79
some people call these creatures sea cows. However, as I watch 90
her float along, gracefully grazing on water plants, I think they are 102
far more beautiful than a cow. I’m one of the happiest employees 114
in all of Florida. 118
I’m lucky, because I work with manatees. In case you don’t know, 130
manatees are mammals that live in the water. They have flippers 141
like a fish, but they also have a stubby nose, and they breathe air. 155
I’ve always been interested in these animals and think they are 166
beautiful in their own way. I’ve been studying them in the wild that 179
more than twenty years. Much of what I do is watch the manatees 192
and record data. Each day I observe how many are in the river that 206
flows through the heart of the park, I measure the water temperature, 218
and I note what the weather is like. I know all the manatees who 232
live in these waters by name, and I make drawings of the marks 245
on their skin so other park workers can tell the difference between 257
them too. 259
Some parts of the manatees’ bodies are for special jobs. For 270
example, their flippers are used for paddling in water and also for 282
stirring up the dirt on the bottom of the river. This uncovers the 295
plants and roots that they like to eat. 303
I’m the only worker on this river studying the manatees. I discover 315
things about them every day. Part of my job is to look for signs 329
of stress in these gentle creatures. For a time, manatees in Blue 341
Spring State Park struggled to survive. But with our help, the 352
manatee families are growing again. This means more exciting 361
work for me! 364
Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads A 5

A give facts about animals that live in rivers
B explain why manatees struggle in the wild
C show what manatees eat and where they live
D describe why the author’s career is interesting
2 The reader knows there is an anecdote in paragraph 1 because it —

A explains that every person should enjoy his or her job
B provides reasons that people should get jobs in Florida
C describes one time the author went to work on the river
D gives details about what it is like to research manatees
3 The author most likely included the details in paragraph 3 to —

A explain what it is like to study manatees
B show how much he or she has studied manatees
C give information about how manatees behave
D explain how many manatees live in the state park
4 How did the author’s mention of drawings of the manatee markings help
show the author’s purpose for writing the selection?
5 Why did the author most likely include the anecdote in paragraph 1?

Name Rare Treasure
A Poet for All Time

Many experts say that William Shakespeare is the world’s best 10
writer. He authored a large number of written works, including 20
38 plays and more than 150 poems. He lived more than 400 years 33
ago, but plays like Hamlet and Macbeth are still being performed 44
today. However, there are many details about Shakespeare’s life 53
that we do not know. 58
Shakespeare was born in the English town of Stratford-upon-Avon 67
in 1564. No one knows the exact date of his birth. We do know 81
that he was baptized on April 26 of that year. We also know that 95
his mother came from a wealthy family. There are no records 106
of where Shakespeare went to school. It was probably at the 117
school near his home where he first developed an interest in 128
drama and poetry. 131
At age eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. The following year, 141
their daughter was born. Two years later, they had twins. Little 152
is known about the years that followed. Some people say that 163
Shakespeare traveled the short distance to London. Others 171
believe that he taught school in the English countryside. 180
By 1592, Shakespeare’s name was becoming known in the London 190
theater scene. The rest is history. His plays were so incredible that 202
one poet wrote that Shakespeare’s works were “not of an age, but 214
for all time.” 217

1 Which detail from the selection best supports the idea that Shakespeare
is one of the world’s best writers?
A He authored a large number of works, including 38 plays and more
than 150 poems.
B He lived more than 400 years ago, but plays like Hamlet and Macbeth
are still being performed today.
C It was probably at the school near his home where he first discovered
an interest in drama and poetry.
D By 1592, Shakespeare’s name was becoming known in the London
theater scene.
2 What is the second paragraph mostly about?

A The town where Shakespeare grew up and why he left
B The education Shakespeare had as a child and young adult
C What Shakespeare’s parents were like and where they came from
D What historians do and do not know about Shakespeare’s early life
3 Which statement best describes the main idea of the selection?

A Shakespeare was born and lived in England.
B Shakespeare was married and had three children.
C Shakespeare’s plays are good, but he also wrote poetry.
D Shakespeare’s work is still famous centuries after his death.

Name Rare Treasure
Sally Ride
By the late 1970s, no American woman had flown into space. 11
Scientists at NASA knew that the team they put together for 22
their next space mission should include a woman. NASA put an 33
advertisement in a newspaper. A college student named Sally 42
Ride saw the advertisement. She thought she would probably be 52
successful as an astronaut and applied for the job. 61
Some names seem to be signs pointing toward the future. Sally 72
Ride made the ride of a lifetime on June 18, 1983. It was then that 87
she became the first American woman in space. She flew aboard 98
the space shuttle Challenger and spent six days in space. She 109
traveled a distance of 2.5 million miles! She returned to Earth and 121
entered the record books on June 24 of that year. 131
Ride grew up in Los Angeles, California. She studied physics and 142
English in college. She later earned a master’s degree and a Ph.D. 154
in physics. She studied X-rays in space and special lasers. These 165
factors helped her get the job with NASA. In 1978, she worked for 178
NASA on the ground for two missions. She helped design a robotic 190
arm for the space shuttle before making her first flight. 200
Ride went to space a second time in 1984. Ride focused on 212
learning all that she could about spacecraft. In total, she spent 223
343 hours in space. 227
For the rest of her career, Ride helped other young women learn 239
about science and space travel. She started a company that 249
created written works for kids about science. She made sure that 260
these books reached areas where opportunities were limited. 268
Because of Ride, many American girls pursued careers in science. 278

1 What evidence from the text supports the idea that Sally devoted herself
to learning about space?
A Scientists at NASA knew that the team they put together for their next
space mission should include a woman.
B In 1978, she worked for NASA on the ground for two missions.
C Ride went to space a second time in 1984.
D Ride focused on learning all that she could about spacecraft.
2 Paragraph 3 is mainly about Sally Ride’s —

A childhood
B later career
C education and early career
D impact on girls and science
3 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that Sally Ride was
destined for space?
A By the late 1970s, no American woman had flown into space.
B A college student named Sally Ride saw the advertisement.
C Some names seem to be signs pointing toward the future.
D Ride went to space a second time in 1984.
4 Paragraphs 2 through 4 are mainly about Sally Ride’s —

A experience as an astronaut
B first mission on the Challenger
C interest in becoming an astronaut
D influence upon education in science for girls
5 What is the main idea of the selection? Provide at least three pieces of
text evidence to support this.

Name Rare Treasure
Tullio Campagnolo
In the winter of 1927, Tullio Campagnolo was racing his bicycle 11
through the dangerous roads of the mountains in Italy. The snow 22
and ice caused his bike to jam up. He needed to fix his bicycle. But 37
he had no wrench! This kept him from going the distance and his 50
team lost the race. 54
But all was not lost. Campagnolo went back to his father’s 65
hardware store. There, he invented the “quick-release skewer.” 73
With this invention, a bicycle tire could be removed and replaced 84
with no tools. The invention changed cycling forever. It marked 94
the birth of one of the oldest and most successful bicycle parts 106
companies. Most of cycling’s top riders use Campagnolo parts. 115
Riders wearing Campagnolo jerseys have won important cycling 123
trophies. Bike shops around the world display Campagnolo signs. 132
Today Campagnolo, who died in 1983, is a legend in cycling. 143
Campagnolo was born in Italy in 1901. He always enjoyed tinkering 154
in his father’s shop. Being in a hardware store helped him learn 166
about materials. His company later led the way in making bicycle 177
parts lighter by using magnesium instead of heavier metals. He 187
also discovered new mixtures of different metals to make bike 197
wheels strong but light. 201
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Campagnolo’s company made 209
bicycle parts longer lasting and easier to use. This is one of the 222
factors that made the company successful. Campagnolo put 230
together a talented team that improved the wheel hub and the 241
gadgets that shift a bike’s gears. He also introduced the use of 253
cables for gears. Walk into any bike store today, and you will 265
probably find parts that follow Campagnolo’s designs. 272

1 What evidence from the selection supports the idea that Campagnolo
invented better parts for bicycles?
A The snow and ice caused his bike to jam up.
B The invention changed cycling forever.
C Campagnolo was born in Italy in 1901.
D He always enjoyed tinkering in his father’s shop.
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that Campagnolo is
a legend in cycling?
A Riders wearing Campagnolo jerseys have won important
cycling trophies.
B His company later led the way in making bicycle parts lighter by using
magnesium instead of heavier metals.
C He also discovered new mixtures of different metals to make bike
wheels strong but light.
D Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Campagnolo’s company made
bicycle parts longer lasting and easier to use.
3 Paragraph 2 is mostly about —

A Campagnolo’s impact on cycling
B the difficulty of changing bike tires
C the discovery of new metal mixtures
D Campagnolo’s changes to cycling rules
5 Describe the main idea of this selection.

Name Twins in Space
Healthy Cookies
Who doesn’t love cookies? They come in many shapes and sizes 11
and many delicious flavors. The only limit is your imagination! But 22
cookies aren’t the healthiest snack around. There are ingredients 31
you can use in your favorite cookie recipe to make them a little 44
better for your body. 48
Most cookie recipes call for white flour. Using whole wheat flour 59
instead of white flour adds fiber and protein to your favorite cookie. 71
Fiber aids digestion. Doctors know that the right amount of fiber 82
lowers the risk of heart disease. 88
Whole wheat flour is denser than white flour. For every cup of white 101
flour, use three-fourths of a cup of whole wheat. This will help your 114
cookies come out soft and moist instead of dry and hard. 125
It’s the sugar in cookies that makes them sweet and yummy. Too 137
much sugar isn’t good for us. Luckily, there are natural sweeteners 148
to use in your recipes instead. Agave nectar is one of them. Agave 161
is a plant like the cactus that grows in hot, dry regions. Ripened 174
bananas will work, too. 178
Agave is sweeter than sugar, so you can use less of it. You can 192
even use some of each—bananas and agave. Many fruits can be 204
natural sweeteners. Your cookies will turn out tasting as delicious 214
as ever, and beautiful too! 219

1 Which two things are compared in the selection?
A Apples and sugar
B Cookies and sugar
C Sugar and whole wheat flour
D White flour and whole wheat flour
2 What type of text structure does the sentence “Agave is sweeter than
sugar, so you can use less of it” support?
A Chronological
B Problem-solution
C Establish purpose
D Comparison-and-contrast
3 Which information compares healthy ingredients to other ingredients

in cookies?
A But cookies aren’t the healthiest snack around.
B Using whole wheat flour instead of white flour adds fiber and protein
to your favorite cookie.
C This will help your cookies come out soft and moist instead of dry
and hard.
D Your cookies will turn out tasting as delicious as ever, and
beautiful too!
4 What is the central idea of the selection? Give two details that support
your answer.

Name Twins in Space
Virtual Reality
Most people want to see new places, such as outer space or the 13
Great Barrier Reef. We had to actually go to these places to see 26
them in the past. Now, with computers, the average person is 37
closer than ever to experiencing such journeys. Special glasses 46
can help people visit all kinds of places, both real and imaginary, 58
using virtual reality (or VR). These glasses make people who are 69
wearing them feel as though they are in another world. 79
A VR device consists of a headset with special glasses that strap 91
around a person’s head. The headset has sensors that detect 101
movement. When the wearer moves, the images shown inside 110
change. It’s as though the person is actually there! People feel like 122
they are part of the image. It can be a beautiful underwater scene 135
or the video game being played. 141
Virtual reality can have uses for more than just entertainment. 151
Using VR in the classroom allows students to experience the 161
Egyptian pyramids or view the artwork in a museum. 170
Although VR is exciting, scientists do not know how safe it is. 182
There are some factors that make people worry about VR. A study 194
at the University of California looked at the part of the brain 206
that learns how to understand space and depth. Neurons there 216
behaved completely differently when the brain processed images 224
of virtual environments compared to real ones. More than half 234
of the neurons shut down while the subject was using VR. More 246
research is needed to determine if VR does any damage. 256

If you had your heart set on experiencing virtual reality full-time, 267
you might need to wait another few years. Until then, you can 279
experience real reality every day! 284

1 Which of the following best describes how virtual reality might be used
differently in the future based on the details in paragraph 3?
A Virtual reality will probably be more lifelike in the future than it is now.
B More people will use virtual reality for entertainment in the future than
they do now.
C More people might use virtual reality for work in the future instead of
just education.
D Virtual reality is mostly used for entertainment now but might be used
for education in the future.
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that virtual reality
can help people explore places in a different way than in real life?
A Special glasses can help people visit all kinds of places, both real and
imaginary, using virtual reality (or VR).
B The headset has sensors that detect movement.
C Virtual reality can have uses for more than just entertainment.
D Although VR is exciting, scientists do not know how safe it is.
3 Paragraph 4 suggests that virtual reality —

A is worth the risk of injury
B should not be used by young people
C is an exciting trend that cannot be missed
D needs further research to make sure it is safe
4 Based on the details in paragraph 4, how does the brain work when using
virtual reality compared to real-life situations?
A None of the neurons work with virtual reality. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
B More neurons work with virtual reality than real life.

C It works exactly the same in both real life and virtual reality.
D Many neurons that work in real life do not work with virtual reality.
5 Using details from the text, explain one way that virtual reality is different
from reality.

Name Twins in Space
Cities Need Skate Parks

Americans have long recognized the need for common areas 9
where children can play. For many years, even the smallest towns 20
in America have had public playgrounds. It is also common to 31
see baseball and soccer fields. Today, local communities are 40
beginning to realize that building skate parks where children can 50
use skateboards is just as important. 56
Since the 1970s, skateboarding has grown more and more popular. 66
More people than ever before are riding skateboards, but without 76
a skate park they will ride in public places. This includes streets, 88
sidewalks, parks, and parking lots. People who are walking, 97
driving, or playing may feel unsafe with skaters flying by. People 108
may say that building a skate park is expensive. However, they 119
should factor in the cost of not building them. When skaters do 131
tricks on rails and ledges, concrete and paint are damaged. That 142
damage may cost communities thousands of dollars every year. 151
Public skate parks are a good solution for towns and cities. They 163
give skaters a safe place to practice something they love. At the 175
same time, police officers and business owners no longer have to 186
chase skateboarders away. 189
Skate parks can be planned so that they increase the beauty of 201
the community. Plants such as flowers and trees can surround 211
the parks. The ramps can be decorated with murals, giving both 222
skaters and artists a place to fulfill their heart’s desires. 232
Many people may think of skateboarding as a nuisance activity that 243

encourages bad behavior. However, the reality is quite different. 252
Skateboarding lets kids get together, helping them to develop 261
friendships. More importantly, skating on ramps without having to 270
get out of the way of traffic or people on the sidewalk is a lot safer 286
and a lot of fun! 291

1 What comparison is made in paragraph 2?
A Cost of skate parks to cost of damage to property
B How both the city and business owners feel about skateboarding
C Behavior of kids who skateboard to behavior of kids who play soccer
D Safety of skateboarding on the sidewalk versus skateboarding on a rail
2 Based on the details in paragraph 2, how are other places to skate

different than skate parks?
A They are safer than skate parks.
B They are often damaged by skaters.
C They are very expensive for skaters.
D They are very welcoming to skaters.
3 Which sentence best states the main idea of the selection?

A Skating is the best activity for exercise.
B Cities should have safe places to skate.
C Skate parks should not be built by cities.
D People should never skate in public places.
4 Name two details from the selection that support the main idea of
the selection.
5 In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author describes the types of places

kids can skate. Compare and contrast these places using details
from the selection.

Name Life at the Top
The Life of a Star

All stars go through stages, called a life cycle, which starts when 12
stars form from giant clouds of dust and gas. These make a 24
beautiful formation in space. 28
Over time, the gas in these clouds changes, and it begins to spin. 41
As it spins, it heats up, and the cloud changes to something called 54
a protostar. 56
The cloud keeps heating up, and when it reaches fifteen million 67
degrees, another change happens—the cloud glows brightly, and 76
it becomes something called a main sequence star. It will stay at 88
this part of its life cycle for a very long time. In fact, our sun is at 105
this stage right now. 109
The main sequence star glows. This is because inside the star, the 121
gas is being used. When the gas begins to run out, the star starts 135
the next stage of its life cycle. The outer part of it expands, cools, 149
and glows red. The star has now reached the red giant phase. 161
A red giant is red because it is cooler than it was before, and it is 177
giant because it has grown. Inside the red giant, more changes 188
take place. Some red giants will be bigger than others. A smaller 200
red giant may become a white dwarf, while a giant star may become 213
a black hole or neutron star. 219
White Dwarf
Red Giant Neutron

Star
Main
Sequence
Star
Giant cloud of
dust and gas
Large Red Giant Black Hole

To the teacher: Text that appears in the diagram is not included in the word count for the passage.

1 The author includes the diagram to show —
A the stars in space
B the parts of a star
C the life cycle of a star
D the parts of a black hole
2 Which sentence from the selection tells what happens between the
“Main Sequence Star” and the “Red Giant” stages on the diagram?
A Stars form from giant clouds of dust and gas.
B The cloud changes to something called a protostar.
C When it reaches fifteen million degrees, another change happens.
D When the gas begins to run out, the star starts the next stage of
its life cycle.
3 Which sentence from the selection does the diagram support?

A Over time, the gas in these clouds changes and begins to spin.
B As it spins it heats up.
C The cloud keeps heating up.
D The star has now reached the red giant phase.
4 How does the diagram support the information presented in the selection?

Butterfly Migration
In October of each year, monarch butterflies in the United States 11
fly to warmer weather. Monarchs in the eastern part of the country 23
travel to Mexico. Monarchs in the western part of the country go to 36
the mountains of California, and they return in spring. The monarch 47
is the only butterfly that makes a two-way migration as birds do. 59
For many, it’s a trip of 2,500 miles. 67
There are several reasons monarchs make this long journey. They 77
cannot survive the winter temperatures in the north. They need a 88
warmer climate. They also need more moisture in the air. 98
Another important reason is that butterflies need to start a new 109
generation of butterflies. Before butterflies become butterflies, 116
they are caterpillars. Butterflies must return north before breeding. 125
Monarch caterpillars only eat one food, the milkweed plant, but 135
milkweed only grows in the north. 141
People wonder how these beautiful butterflies know the route. 150
Scientists believe that they use the magnetic pull of Earth and 161
the position of the sun to guide them. Often the same trees are 174
covered in monarchs every year. However, each year it is a new 186
generation. The information about where to go gets passed on. 196
North
West East
No milkweed - no breeding area
Summer breeding areas
Spring and summer breeding areas
Spring breeding areas

Fall migration
Spring migration
South
To the teacher: Text that appears in the map is not included in the word count for the passage.

1 Using the map, in which direction do most monarchs travel in the spring?
A South
B West
C Northeast
D Southwest
2 You can tell from the map that monarch butterflies do not breed in the —
A eastern United States
B southern United States
C northwestern United States
D southwestern United States
3 Which sentence is illustrated by the information in the map?

A Monarchs in the eastern part of the country travel to Mexico.
B There are several reasons monarchs make this long journey.
C People wonder how these beautiful butterflies know the route.
D Often the same trees are covered in monarchs every year.
4 The author most likely included the map to show —

A where milkweed grows
B where Mexico is located
C the migration path of monarchs
D which direction is north and which is south
5 Why does the author include arrows on the map?

Honoring America
Washington, D.C., the nation’s capital, is the center of government 10
for the United States. It is also home to many monuments and 22
memorials. They are part of the National Mall and Memorial Parks. 33
These monuments and memorials were built to honor some of 43
America’s most important leaders and events. Every day, visitors 52
come to see them and learn about America’s history. 61
The most eye-catching is the Washington Monument. It towers 70
over the National Mall at 555 feet tall. Made of marble, granite, and 83
bluestone, it is the world’s tallest stone structure. It was built as a 96
tower with four sides that come to a point at the top. It stands in 111
front of a beautiful pool of water that reflects its image. 122
The Washington Monument honors the first U.S. president, George 131
Washington. Building began in 1848, but then it stopped from 1854 142
to 1877. A careful eye can tell that stones at the bottom are darker 156
than the stones at the top. They came from a different quarry, after 169
work started again. 172
A monument made to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the 184
newest one. Installed in 2011, it features a carving of Dr. King 196
in stone. There are words on the side: “Out of the mountain of 209
despair, a stone of hope.” He said these words in his famous “I 222
Have a Dream” speech. 226
Constitution Avenue
Lincoln
Memorial
Washington
Reflecting Pool Monument
(555 feet tall)
Independence Avenue
MLK
Monument
To the teacher: Text that appears in the map is not included in the word count for the passage.

1 Which best describes what is mainly shown on the map?
A The waterways around the city of Washington, D.C.
B The location of Washington, D.C., in the United States
C The locations of several important monuments in Washington, D.C.
D The number of miles between monuments in Washington, D.C.
2 Based on the map, the Lincoln Memorial is —

A west of the World War II Memorial
B directly next to the Reflecting Pool
C between the Washington Monument and the Reflecting Pool
D directly to the north of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
3 Look at the map. Which sentence from the selection is illustrated?

A The most eye-catching is the Washington Monument, which towers
over the National Mall at 555 feet tall.
B Made of marble, granite, and bluestone, it is the world’s tallest
stone structure.
C Building started in 1848, and then it stopped from 1854 to 1877.
D A careful eye can tell that stones at the bottom are darker than the
stones at the top.
4 What kind information is provided by the text, but not the map?
5 Explain why the author included the map with this selection.

Name Barbed Wire Baseball
Alexander Graham Bell

These days, the word “phone” probably makes most people 9
think of a smartphone or cell phone. The phone technology we 20
have today is a result of Alexander Graham Bell. He patented the 32
first telephone. 34
Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Bell was not an 46
excellent student, but he seemed to be an inventor at heart. At 58
twelve years old, while visiting a flour mill, he watched a machine 70
take the husks off wheat grain. It did the job slowly. Bell went 83
home and built a machine that removed the husks from grain much 95
more quickly. 97
In 1863, Bell and his brother saw a so-called “mechanical man” 108
that spoke like a human. Bell wanted to build a machine just like 121
it. Bell’s father promised him and his brother a prize if they made 134
it work. They succeeded by blowing air through the head and 145
moving the lips. They made their machine say, “mama.” 154
In 1871, Bell moved to Boston and began work on a device called 167
the harmonic telegraph. He wanted to send several telegraph 176
messages at once. Bell found people to support his research by 187
giving him money. This was a sign that people were interested in 199
ways to communicate over long distances. Bell spent two years 209
working hard to perfect this device. During his experiments, he 219
became interested in another idea—sending the human voice over 229
wires. 230
Bell hired Thomas Watson, an electrician. The men worked 239

together for two years. On March 10, 1876, Bell and Watson were 251
successful. Bell made the first call and spoke the words, “Mr. 262
Watson, come here. I want to see you.” Watson heard Bell’s voice 274
through the wire and thus received the first telephone call. Bell had 286
discovered a way to make the telephone work! 294

1 The author uses dates in the biography to —
A tell about the family of Bell
B provide facts about telephones
C explain the systems that make a telephone work
D give information about when things were invented
2 Which of the following most likely explains why the author uses the
anecdote of Bell saying, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.”?
A To show Bell’s sense of humor
B To explain Bell’s father’s influence
C To tell of the first time voices traveled over wire
D To give the reader a glimpse into Bell’s childhood
3 The author presents the events in Bell’s life in chronological order to —

A explain why telephones became important
B explain the time it took him to get a patent
C show the first invention of Bell and his brother
D show how the events in Bell’s life are connected
4 What signal words does the author use to show chronological order in this
selection? Give at least three examples.

Sacagawea
Sacagawea was born in 1788 or 1789. She was a member of the 13
American Indian Shoshone nation and lived in what is now Idaho. 24
She and her people lived far from others, hunting and fishing. 35
What factors led her to become one of the most famous women in 48
American history? 50
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase 59
from France. Nearly a million square miles of land became part 70
of the United States. Jefferson hoped to find a river connecting 81
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The President hired explorers to 91
travel the lands. They were to draw maps and report on all that 104
they found. Jefferson also wanted information about the American 113
Indian groups living on these lands. 119
One of the men Jefferson hired was his secretary, Meriwether 129
Lewis. He headed the Corps of Discovery. Lewis, 29, chose William 140
Clark to join him on the trip. 147
In November of 1804, Lewis and Clark discovered that there was 158
an American Indian settlement in what is now South Dakota. 168
There, they met Sacagawea, who could speak the languages of 178
two American Indian groups. They needed someone to help them 188
communicate with American Indians about trading horses. They 196
would need horses to cross the Rocky Mountains. 204
Sacagawea helped with trading horses and with much more. 213
She traveled with Lewis and Clark on their entire journey to the 225
Pacific Northwest. She used her knowledge of plants to point 235

them to foods they could eat in the wild. Once, when a 247
storm came upon their boat, she saved valuable instruments 256
and records. Experts aren’t sure what happened to Sacagawea 265
after the journey with Lewis and Clark. Some experts say she 276
probably died in 1812— others, believe that she lived much 286
longer. What they do agree on, though, is that Sacagawea is an 298
important figure in American history. 303

1 Which detail shows an event unfolding in time order?
A She and her people lived far from others, hunting and fishing.
B They were to draw maps and report on all that they found.
C In November 1804, Lewis and Clark reached an American Indian
settlement in what is now South Dakota.
D What they do agree on, though, is that Sacagawea is an important
figure in American history.
2 The author uses the anecdote in paragraph 5 of how Sacagawea saved

the instruments and records in the storm to show —
A how valuable Sacagawea was to the mission
B the need for traveling east and west on a river
C who was president during the Lewis and Clark mission
D why it was difficult to travel across the Rocky Mountains
3 Which of the following words signal chronological order as the structure of

this selection?
A She and her people lived far
B Nearly a million square miles of land
C In 1803
D Sacagawea helped with
4 The author mostly likely included the information in paragraph 4 to explain —

A how Lewis and Clark were able to find food
B how Lewis and Clark started working together
C why Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore
D why Lewis and Clark chose Sacagawea to join them
5 What details does the author include that show this selection is a
biography? Include at least two details.

Francisco Coronado
Francisco Coronado was born sometime around 1510 in Spain. At 10
that time, family property was handed down only to the firstborn 21
son. Coronado had an older brother, so he decided to go to the 34
New World to seek his fortune there. In 1535, he traveled to New 47
Spain, which is known as Mexico today. 54
There, Coronado married the daughter of a government treasurer. 63
By marrying, Coronado became the owner of a large estate. The 74
following year, he was named governor of an area. 83
But this was not enough for Coronado because he wanted more 94
riches. Coronado received written reports that there were Seven 103
Golden Cities north of New Spain. Excited by the prospect of such 115
great wealth, Coronado combined his own money with money 124
from another explorer. He put together a group of three hundred 135
Spanish workers and more than one thousand native people, along 145
with horses, pigs, ships, and cattle, which Coronado himself would 155
lead. They left to find the Seven Golden Cities in February, 1540. 167
Coronado’s group traveled up New Spain’s western coast and into 177
what is now the southwestern United States. The explorers saw no 188
sign of treasure. They instead discovered there was an enormous 198
canyon. This was the Grand Canyon. They moved through what is 209
now known as Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Coronado led a 220
small group in search of riches through modern-day Kansas, but 230
he was disappointed to find only another village. 238
The Spanish called his trip a failure. With that, Coronado returned 249
to New Spain, where he died in 1554. 257

1 Coronado did not receive any property from his father. Which detail shows
the solution to that problem?
A So, he decided to go to the New World to seek his fortune there.
B The following year, he was named governor of an area.
C They left to find the Seven Golden Cities in February, 1540.
D With that, Coronado returned to New Spain, where he died in 1554.
2 The author includes the details in the final paragraph to show —

A how Coronado paid for the trip
B where Coronado traveled after he left
C the difficulty in finding people to help explore new places
D what happened at the end of Coronado’s mission and life
3 Which of the following best shows that this selection is written in

A There, Coronado married
B By marrying
C The following year
D But this was not enough
4 Why does the author present the details of Coronado’s life in

5 Describe how the text structure in this selection shows that this is
a biography.

Name Feathers
Ocean Gold
Today’s treasure hunters search the oceans for sunken ships. They 10
hope to discover and claim rare objects and precious metals such 21
as gold coins contained in these lost ships. How do they do it? 34
Finding a Shipwreck 37
Their first step is to find a shipwreck. Treasure hunters start by 49
studying history. Often, records from the time period list what 59
cargo a ship carried. When a ship was lost at sea, old letters or 73
reports might have facts that hint where the ship might have gone. 85
Explorers use those hints to map out promising areas. They form 96
a team and sail there. Then they use tools such as underwater 108
drones to find the exact spot where the ship is located. 119
Getting the Treasure 122
Modern treasure hunters have many tools to help them recover 132
the wreck. They have cables, underwater robots, and even a large 143
claw to help them! They may use underwater drones or sonar 154
instruments that can find a wreck. Sonar uses sound waves to 165
“see” in the water. They use an instrument designed to send out 177
sound waves. The treasure hunters hope that the sound waves 187
will “bounce” off a solid object. Then details about objects in the 199
water will appear on a screen. Once a team is ready to get the 213
treasure, they face a very difficult job. 220
Lost Forever? 222
The wreck site might be large, dark, or dangerous to move around 234
in. The currents could be too strong for a team to get near a ship. 249
There could be large rocks in the way. The sunken ship might be 262
too solid to get into. Still, today’s treasure hunters keep trying— 273
and often, the risk is worth the reward! Treasures used to be lost 286
forever, but science is on the modern treasure hunter’s side. 296

1 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that finding valuable
treasure in the ocean is hard work?
A Today’s treasure hunters search the oceans for sunken ships.
B Then they use tools such as underwater drones to find the exact spot
where the ship is located.
C Once a team is ready to recover the treasure, they face a very
difficult job.
D Treasures used to be lost forever, but science is on the modern
treasure hunter’s side.
2 Which sentence from the selection supports the central idea that the
reason some people search the ocean is to find valuable treasure?
A They hope to discover and claim rare objects and precious metals
such as gold coins at the bottom of the sea.
B Their first step is to find a shipwreck.
C They may use underwater drones or sonar instruments to recover
a wreck.
D The wreck site might be large, dark, or dangerous to move around in.
3 The main idea of “Ocean Gold” is —

A treasure hunters use underwater drones to explore ships from
recent wrecks
B explorers are not allowed to use modern technology to seek treasures
that are lost forever
C treasures are being found in the ocean by hunters who use new
methods to recover them
D many shipwrecks have unfound treasures, but no one is attempting to Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
locate them because it is too hard
4 What is the central idea in “Finding a Shipwreck”?

Name Feathers
Briquettes for Cooking

What fuels the appliances in your kitchen? Chances are, your 10
home uses energy in the form of electricity. In regions of Africa, 22
such as Uganda and the Congo, people cut down trees and 33
use the wood for cooking. Cutting too many trees for firewood, 44
however, is not good for forests. 50
Families in these areas are working with a new fuel, briquettes*, for 62
their mud stoves. The new fuel is easier to get than wood. It burns 76
longer and hotter than wood, with less smoke. Now a favorite 87
African meal of beans and beef can be cooked inside of a home 100
using briquettes instead of outside over a fire. 108
Mud Briquettes 110
People can make briquettes using ordinary tools and materials 119
found nearby. They can quickly mix water, dried grass, and waste 130
from banana trees. The mixture is put inside a mold and dries in a 144
few days. Some briquettes look like small, round balls. 153
Making Life Safer 156
Runiza, a Congolese woman, used to walk five hours into 166
dangerous areas to collect firewood for her family. Now, these 176
trips are gone. She can now make use of materials found close 188
by to create briquettes. She is able to stay closer to home. People 201
like Runiza have more time to study, do chores, or play native 213
instruments. The briquettes are a simple solution to what was a 224
big problem. 226

Fuel Saves Time 229
Evaketi is another Congolese woman who makes briquettes 237
herself. She says, “My children often ate very late because I was 249
struggling to look for firewood from far away, and the food took 261
so long to get ready. Briquettes burn for so long compared to 273
charcoal or firewood . . . I can provide food for my children when 284
they need it.” 287
* Pronounced bri-KETS
To the Teacher: Footnotes are not included in the word count for the passage.
1 The section “Mud Briquettes” is mainly about —
A the fact that many people are now using briquettes for cooking
B the concern that forests have been damaged from cutting down trees
C the idea that cooking with wood takes about the same time as
with briquettes
D the process of making and forming briquettes using water, grass, and
waste from trees
2 Paragraph 1 is mainly about —

A families beginning to use briquettes for their cooking
B too many forests being harmed just for cooking food in Africa
C briquettes being made from mud and grass using a simple mold
D food taking longer to cook using wood than it does using briquettes
3 Which sentence from the selection supports the idea that using briquettes
instead of wood for cooking saves time?
A It burns longer and hotter than wood with less smoke.
B They can quickly mix water, dried grass, and waste from banana trees.
C People like Runiza have more time to study or do chores, or play
instruments.
D The briquettes are a simple solution to what was a big problem.
4 The central idea of “Making Life Safer” is —

A briquette use is good for the forests
B molds are best used when forming briquettes
C briquettes are made using materials close to home
D materials to make briquettes are found in the forest
She says, “My children often ate very late because I was struggling to
look for firewood from far away, and the food took so long to get ready.”

Name Feathers
Catching Some Rays

People everywhere are warming up to the power of the sun. 11
Solar Homes 13
Many homeowners are turning to the sun to power their homes. 24
Solar cells on the roof of a house can make electricity by using 37
rays of sunshine. Solar power can supply some or all of a family’s 50
monthly electric needs, which saves money by reducing the cost of 61
energy bills. 63
Industry on the Move 67
Imagine capturing sunlight on a grander scale than neighborhood 76
rooftops. Now solar farms are being built in sunny areas to harvest 88
the sun’s energy. These farms contribute 70 percent of all solar 99
energy, but they take up a lot of land. One solar farm in the deserts 114
of California covers an area equal to two thousand soccer fields! 125
The panels span for miles and collect the sun’s energy to change 137
into electricity. 139
Future of Solar Energy 143
Many people like using the sun’s energy. The main reason is that 155
solar energy is renewable. This means that it can never be used 167
up. Solar energy can operate on its own, without traditional energy 178
sources. Also, there is opportunity to use it almost everywhere, 188
even in places that are cloudy a lot of the time. Researchers are 201
trying to find ways to make solar energy cheaper and easier 212
to use. 214
Vast Structures 216
In December 2015, the Topaz Solar Farm began working in 226
California. It has nine million solar panels! This farm will power 237
160,000 homes. Additionally, it will supply almost all the electricity 247
for the city of San Luis Obispo, California. What will the next 259
chapter of solar energy bring? 264

1 Which sentence from “Catching Some Rays” supports the central idea
that the solar panel business is growing?
A Solar cells on the roof of a house can make electricity by using rays
of sunshine.
B Imagine capturing sunlight on a grander scale than neighborhood
rooftops.
C One solar farm in the deserts of California covers an area equal to two
thousand soccer fields!
D The panels span for miles and collect the sun’s energy to change
into electricity.
2 What sentence supports the central idea that solar energy has benefits?
A Imagine capturing sunlight on a grander scale than neighborhood
rooftops.
B These farms contribute 70 percent of all solar energy, but they take up
a lot of land.
C Solar energy can operate on its own, without traditional energy sources.
D In December 2015, the Topaz Solar Farm began working in California.
3 The section “Solar Homes” is mainly about —

A the idea that solar farms take up miles of land
B the idea that all houses should have solar roofs
C the fact that some cities are powered by solar farms
D the fact that solar panels help supply energy to homes
4 State the main idea of “Industry on the Move.”


Additionally, it will supply almost all the electricity for the city of San Luis
Obispo, California.

Name Animal Mimics
Homes in the Arctic

It is just an average January day in the Arctic. The temperature is 13
40 degrees below zero. A person would design a special home to 25
stay warm, but how do animals survive here? 33
Some animals are prepared for the icy weather. Polar bears, for 44
example, have a thick layer of blubber. This layer of fat protects 56
them against cold just as heat-trapping clothes help humans 65
stay warm. 67
The problem is that terrible weather can sometimes become 76
unbearable—even for a polar bear! Therefore, many animals make 86
their own protective shelters when the weather becomes too much 96
to handle. Polar bears do not hibernate in caves. When a storm 108
hits, they dig out small snow dens. There, the bears curl up to 121
keep warm. 123
The ringed seal is another animal that makes the Arctic its home. 135
It builds a lair, or snow cave, on top of sea ice. The cave keeps 150
freezing winds from harming seals and their pups. The pups also 161
stay safe from predators, such as foxes and walruses. 170
Seals gather on the ice to rest. As soon as enough snow falls, 183
they build lairs. Just eight inches of snow is enough to make a 196
seal’s shelter. Although snow itself is cold, snow caves work! 206
Snuggling inside a snow cave is warmer than being outside in 217
the open. 219
A snow cave can serve birds, too. Some birds will stay warm in 232
soft snow banks. They fly directly into the snow so they don’t make 245
tracks. That way predators do not know where these birds have 256
gone. They live in caves no larger than their bodies, but just for the 270
night. If a predator does come near, these arctic birds rise from the 283
snow in a blur of wings. 289

1 According to the selection, what is the main reason Arctic animals make
caves in the snow?
A They have babies.
B Predators are near.
C Winter comes too early.
D The weather is unbearable.
2 Which sentence from the selection shows why a bear would build a cave
in the snow?
A A person would design a special home to stay warm, but how do
animals survive here?
B The problem is that terrible weather can sometimes become
unbearable—even for a polar bear!
C As soon as enough snow falls, they build lairs.
D They live in caves no larger than their bodies, but just for the night.
3 What effect does building a snow cave have for the ringed seal?
A They are safe from predators.
B The sea ice keeps them cold.
C They do not have to leave for food.
D Other animals cannot get their food.
4 How does the author use cause-and-effect text structure in this selection?

Name Animal Mimics
Celebrating Plant-Based Foods

What if a hamburger were more than just a burger? A “blended” 12
burger may be in your future! Restaurants and school cafeterias are 23
among the places where fresher food is available. One idea being 34
tested is the blended burger, which mixes beef and mushrooms 44
into a patty. Some people think these burgers are moister and 55
tastier than regular burgers. Of equal importance, they are healthier 65
than all-beef patties. 68
Fast food restaurants are handy. You can get food such as burgers 80
in a hurry, and there are a quarter of a million locations. But what 94
if you want to eat food with less salt and fat? Delicious fast foods 108
can be designed to be more wholesome. At least, that is one 120
vision for the future of food. The aim is to keep the protein that is 135
important for building our bones and muscles. The mushrooms 144
add protein while getting rid of some of the salt and fat found 157
in beef. 159
Adding plants to your favorite main dishes might seem odd. But 170
the goal is to include more fruits and vegetables, not limit people to 183
those choices. Mushrooms are a good start because they are full 194
of vitamins, protein, and minerals. Another easy way to increase 204
plant protein is to build your own bowl. Start with a grain or noodle 218
bowl (or even a burrito). Add vegetables, and then make meat 229
the final ingredient. It’s not taking away an ingredient, but rather 240
adding something new! 243
Adding plants to your diet has other benefits. Local vegetables 253
taken right from the farm to the table are not shipped long 265
distances. Therefore, they are often tastier and healthier. One 274
reason is that they get to ripen instead of getting picked early for 287
transporting. Get ready! Healthier foods are headed to your plate! 297

1 Which sentence from the selection shows one effect of adding
mushrooms to beef to create a “blended” burger?
A One idea being tested is the blended burger, which mixes beef and
mushrooms into a patty.
B You can get food such as burgers in a hurry, and there are a quarter of
a million locations.
C The mushrooms add protein while getting rid of some of the salt and
fat found in beef.
D Adding plants to your favorite main dishes might seem odd.
2 Based on the details in paragraph 3, chefs add mushrooms to beef when

making hamburgers because mushrooms —
A taste better than beef
B contain vitamins, protein, and minerals
C have a fat and salt content similar to beef
D have a texture that works well in hamburgers

A why vegetables are the healthiest foods to eat
B new ways to make foods healthier
C ways to increase animal protein in their diet
D why beef is a food source to be skipped
4 Based on the details in paragraph 4, one effect of using local vegetables

instead of vegetables brought in from far away is that they are —
A less expensive
B tastier and healthier
C less ripe when picked
D larger than most vegetables
5 Describe the effect of adding plant protein and reducing meat in your diet
based on the details in the selection.

Name Animal Mimics
Secrets of the Ocean

Many strange characters live at the ocean bottom. Can you picture 11
a colorless octopus that looks like a ghost? The eerie ghost 22
octopus might seem unreal, but it is one of many newly discovered 34
ocean creatures. How many more secrets do our oceans hold? 44
We still know very little about the deep sea. In fact, it is difficult 58
to find out what we do not know. One reason is because the 71
“midnight zone” of the ocean is always dark. Light is gone from 83
this area of the ocean. Studying 103 million square miles of area is 96
also difficult. In addition, the deepest part of the ocean is 36,200 108
feet, and the pressure at that depth would crush human lungs. 119
These challenges have made the deep sea difficult to explore. 129
In contrast, the surface of the ocean is flooded with sunlight. The 141
sunshine makes this layer warm, as warm as 97°F, and it is called 154
the “sunlight zone.” Its depth is a mere six hundred feet. Many 166
plants and animals live in this zone—most ocean life is found here. 179
If you have spent time fishing or swimming in the open ocean, you 192
are familiar with the sunlight zone. 198
Today, researchers can move around the deep sea better than 208
they were able to in the past. For example, they can travel in 221
small submersibles. A submersible is a craft that goes completely 231
underwater and is used for exploring. Powerful underwater 239
instruments are designed to capture pictures of fascinating finds. 248
Thanks to technology, scientists can learn more about the deep. 258
Already, secrets have been unlocked, and these include large 267
black coral forests. Some discovered creatures of the deep are the 278
fangtooth, which has the largest teeth of any fish, and the blobfish, 290
which looks saggy and droopy. 295
Right now, there are likely thousands of species we have yet to 307
discover! Only about 10 percent of the ocean has been explored. 318
We have only just begun to understand this dark and watery world. 330

1 Which sentence from the selection shows an effect of the surface of the
ocean being flooded with sunlight?
A One reason is because the “midnight zone” of the ocean is always dark.
B The sunshine makes this layer warm, as warm as 97°F, and it is called
the “sunlight zone.”
C A submersible is a craft that goes completely underwater and is used
for exploring.
D Already, secrets have been unlocked, and these include large black
coral forests.

A black, coral forests
B ocean life in sunlight zones
C learning the secrets by exploring all areas of the ocean
D using submarines while studying sunlight zones
3 Which detail from the selection shows the effect of technology on deep
sea exploration?
A We still know very little about the deep sea.
B These challenges have made the deep sea difficult to explore.
C Thanks to technology, scientists can learn more about the deep.
D We have only just begun to understand this dark and watery world.
4 Describe one effect of exploration of the midnight zone.
5 Describe one effect of the warmth and light provided by the sun in the
sunlight zone.

Name Minn of the Mississippi
Conquering the Ride

It was the month of July, and the Rodriguez family was in 12
Cheyenne, Wyoming, for the famous Frontier Days. The foursome 21
wasn’t sure what to visit first—there was the garden full of beautiful 34
flowers and an art show. There seemed to be a million shops 46
selling clothes and key chains. The family finally decided on the 57
carnival as their first stop, and Camila headed toward the spinning 68
ride, but Mateo pointed at the games. 75
“Mateo, aren’t you coming?” asked Camila. 81
“Not now,” he replied, and Mateo rushed to the balloon game. 92
After riding the spinning ride alone several times, Camila 101
approached her mother, and she said, “Where is Mateo?” 110
“He’s still with Dad, playing games. You know that Mateo isn’t 121
really excited by amusement rides,” Mom said. 128
Camila found her brother at Ring the Bell, and he wanted her 140
to play, too. “I’ll try that, but do you have any advice?” 152
Camila asked him. 155
“Well,” Mateo started, but Camila interrupted him. 162
“No paragraphs, please!” Camila exclaimed, because her brother 170
often described things the long way. 176
“Get the feel of the mallet in your hand, and swing as hard as you 191
can,” Mateo coached. 194
Camila took a swing, but she did not ring the metal bell. “Now 207
it’s your turn for something new, Mateo. Just choose a ride 218
that’s mostly fun and just a tiny bit scary, like the bumper cars,” 231
Camila said. 233
Mateo reluctantly followed Camila, and they watched people drive 242
the bumper cars. Camila asked, “So, what do you think?” Mateo 253
gave her a nod, and soon they were each buckling in. “This will be 267
great!” Camila predicted, and it was. 273

1 How does the fact that Mateo only wants to play carnival games affect
the plot?
A He likes fast rides and leaves Camila out.
B He wants to be alone and play games by himself.
C He is a risk taker and spends all his time with his family.
D He enjoys skill activities and does not spend time with Camila.
2 How is the conflict of the selection resolved?

A Camila enjoys the amusement rides alone.
B Mateo enjoys every type of thrill ride at the fair.
C Mom and Dad spend time with Camila and then Mateo.
D Camila and Mateo each try what the other enjoys doing.
3 Which sentence(s) from the selection shows how the setting affects what
Mateo does?
A The foursome wasn’t sure what to visit first—there was the garden full
of beautiful flowers and an art show.
B There seemed to be a million shops selling clothes and key chains.
C “He’s still with Dad, playing games. You know that Mateo isn’t really
excited by amusement rides,” Mom said.
D Camila took a swing, but she did not ring the metal bell.
4 Describe how the setting affects the conflict in the selection.

Cheers from the Crowd

“Remember, if you are leading the race, don’t turn around,” T.J. 11
said as he examined my starting stance. 18
“T.J., I know,” I replied. “I’ll be fine.” My brother appeared to be 31
more nervous about the race than I was. 39
I hurried to the starting line, and I could see my parents and T.J. 53
behind the metal fence where the crowd was watching. I froze 64
and considered with a flash of panic that maybe T.J. was right to 77
worry—maybe something bad would happen. 83
But then I inhaled deeply and told myself I was prepared. “I’m fast, 96
and I can do this. I’ve been practicing for months,” I whispered as I 110
set myself up on the chalky white line on the grass. 121
I barely had time to notice the other racers when, suddenly, the 133
starter yelled, “On your mark, get set, go!” I took off. In the distance 147
was the finish line, and all I had to do was be the first to get there! 164
My heart hammered as I pulled ahead of the other runners. 175
You should never, ever look behind you, whispered a voice in 186
my head. 188
I pumped my arms furiously, my lungs started to burn, and my clothes 201
were sticking to my body. Then, I heard a low murmur; it became an 215
explosive thunder. It sounded like they were screaming my name! 225
I must be winning! I remember thinking. Then, I noticed it—pieces 237
of my right sneaker were flaking away like hair from a shedding 249
dog. I said to myself, Keep running! 256

There was nothing else to do but kick the shoe off and keep 269
going, so I kept my eyes ahead, sprinting with my right foot in 282
a sock. One runner passed me, but I felt encouraged by the 294
cheering crowd. 296
I captured second place. I raised the bouquet of flowers my 307
brother gave me and beamed with delight as the little voice 318
whispered, You figured it out! 323

1 Which sentence(s) from the selection introduces the setting?
A I hurried to the starting line, and I could see my parents and T.J.
behind the metal fence where the crowd was watching.
B “I’m fast, and I can do this. I’ve been practicing for months,” I
whispered as I set myself up on the chalky white line on the grass.
C My heart hammered as I pulled ahead of the other runners.
D I captured second place. I raised the bouquet of flowers my brother
gave me and beamed with delight as the little voice whispered, You
figured it out!
2 How does the crowd change during the race?

A It grows louder.
B It becomes silent.
C It starts to boo.
D It drowns out the starter.
3 How does the narrator respond to the crowd?

A She runs harder.
B She quits the race.
C She looks for her parents.
D She thinks about her brother.
4 The main conflict in the selection is —

A the narrator is running a big race
B the parents are cheering
C the runner wins the race
D the runner doubts herself
5 How is the conflict in the selection resolved?

Trails Are for Adventure

When you go horseback riding in the mountains, the trail is narrow, 12
but the views are wide. I learned this as my family started out at 26
the stables on a sunny Colorado day. 33
“You’re riding Pepper,” Maggie, one of our guides, informed me. 43
I gave my gray and white horse a pat on the neck, and she gave 58
her head a little shake, the metal on her bridle making a little clink- 72
clink noise. Maggie must have sensed my nervousness, so she 81
said, “Don’t worry. Pepper is a sweet little lady.” 90
We started the ride, a long line of horses following one another 102
on the well-worn trail. Soon I felt at ease, my nerves calmed by 115
Pepper’s steady movement and the babbling sounds of Fall River. 125
I saw a deer and her fawn nibbling the flowers just beyond the trail. 139
The horses in front of me bobbed as they stepped over rocks and 152
walked up and down the hills. “How do the horses manage not to 165
stumble or fall?” I asked. 170
“These horses are very sure-footed and well trained,” 178
Maggie replied. 180
Weather changes quickly in the mountains. Flash!—we saw 189
lightning. Riding along, our dry day turned wet. The cold rain came 201
in sheets, and soon our clothes were soaked through. 210
Then it began to hail. We were pelted by solid and heavy ice. The 224
ground was muddy from the rain, and it was hard to see with the 238
hail. I looked out in front of me and could no longer see the trail of 254
horses. I gulped in panic—was I lost? How long ago had I been 268
separated from everyone else? I was about to cry out for help 280
when Maggie appeared by my side and took Pepper by the bridle. 292
“It’s okay,” she said. “Pepper would have found her way to the 304
cabin, but I’ll lead you there now.” After a short ride, we reached 317
the cabin nestled in the woods, where the rest of my family was 330
waiting anxiously. They wrapped me in a warm blanket, and we sat 342
by the fire, as I told them the tale of my adventure. 354

1 The plot of the selection focuses mainly on —
A the narrator getting to know her horse
B a horseback ride through the mountains
C a guide pointing out the sites of the mountains
D the way the narrator comes to love being in the mountains
2 How does the setting create conflict in the selection?

A The rain is easy for the horses to walk in.
B The stables are a long ride from the safety of the trails.
C The rocky terrain causes the rider to be nervous about safety.
D The mountains provide beautiful scenery during the horseback ride.
3 Which sentence(s) from the selection includes details about the setting?
A Maggie must have sensed my nervousness, so she said, “Don’t worry.”
B The horses in front of me bobbed as they stepped over rocks and
walked up and down the hills.
C “How do the horses manage not to stumble or fall?” I asked.
D The cold rain came in sheets, and soon our clothes were
soaked through.
4 Explain how the setting changes from the beginning of the story to the end.
5 How is the problem of how the rainstorm affected the riders solved in
the selection?

Name Butterfly Eyes
Searching for Mustard

Toasty sandwich, like an oven, so hot! 7
I need the mustard, I need a lot. 15
I open the bottle and give it a shake, 24
but all that comes out is one dry mustard flake. 34
I jump like a bunny to a table nearby 43

where, look, there’s another bottle to try. 50
I thump and tap and thump and tap, 58
but this bottle is empty from bottom to cap. 67
People in the restaurant smile as I squeeze 75

mustard bottles for just a bit, oh, please. 83
But, no more mustard appears! 88
Oh, well—salsa is good, I hear. 95

1 What does the simile “like an oven” in line 1 describe?
A the color of the bottles
B the location of the oven
C the smell of the mustard
D the temperature of the sandwich
2 Which of the following describes the pattern of rhyme in stanza 2?

A the words at the end of each line rhyme
B the words at the end of lines 5 and 6 rhyme
C the words at the end of lines 5 and 7 rhyme
D the words at the end of lines 5 and 8 rhyme
3 Which line from the selection is an example of a sound device?

A I open the bottle and give it a shake,
B I jump like a bunny to a table nearby
C I thump and tap and thump and tap,
D People in the restaurant smile as I squeeze
4 What is the effect of the simile the author uses in line 5?

Name Butterfly Eyes
Before the Tide

A day to relax by the shifting sea, 8
But I’m as busy as a bee. 15
As I design my castle so tall, 22
with many rocks along the wall. 28
Here is my bucket full of sand, 35
and my pile of seashells so grand. 42
All by herself, my sister is gathering rocks 50

for her silly monster that wears water socks. 58
I ask, “What’s that lump supposed to be?” 66
My sister is quiet as a statue and glares at me. 77
“My sand sculpture is surely superior!” I cry. 85
She looks over and yells, “Unoriginal, but nice try!” 94
Suddenly, a blanket of water comes near. 101

The waves will destroy our creations, I fear. 109
We both worked awfully hard— 114
this sand art should be on a postcard. 122
“Hey, brother, who cares about winning?” 128

Mom snaps a quick photo, and both of us are grinning. 139

1 The metaphor “a blanket of water” describes the —
A waves coming in over the sand
B sand castle the speaker is building
C sculpture the speaker’s sister is building
D statue of sand being built by others at the beach
2 The author uses the simile “quiet as a statue” to compare the statue to —
A the sister
B the waves
C the bucket
D the sand castle
3 Which lines describe the pattern of rhyme in stanza 3?

A The words at the end of each line rhyme.
B The words at the end of lines 13 and 15 and at the end of lines 14 and
16 rhyme.
C The words at the end of lines 13, 14, 15 and at the end of lines 16, 17
18 rhyme.
D The words at the end of lines 13 and 14, at the end of lines 15 and 16,
and at the end of lines 17 and 18 rhyme.
4 Which line from the selection is an example of a simile?

A A day to relax by the shifting sea,
B But I’m as busy as a bee.
C “My sand sculpture is surely superior!” I cry.
D She looks over and yells, “Unoriginal, but nice try!”
5 Describe the author’s use of alliteration in line 11.

Name Butterfly Eyes
The Takhi—True Wild Horses

They trot across the desert with bristly manes, 8
kicking up dust on protected plains. 14
As clouds sail in the sky, Takhi again reigns. 23
When grazing animals in great herds ate and ate 32

and took over land space at a speedy rate, 41
Takhi no longer appeared in the wild. Was it too late? 52
Thirteen horses left; a small crew. 58

Could they survive in a zoo? 64
Yes, and with help, they started anew. 71
Back to the brush, to storms, to drought, 79

the healthiest among them toughed it out. 86
Like tractors, they ate grasses and sprouts. 93
Their coats grew thick, their muscles lean. 100

Now groups around rivers of melted snow are seen. 109
Each spring, new foals run wild, descendants of the thirteen. 119

1 The phrase “descendants of the thirteen” in line 15 refers back to the —
A horses in the desert described in stanza 1
B disappearing horses described in stanza 2
C three grazing horses described in stanza 2
D small group of horses described in stanza 3
2 Which of the following best describes the rhyme pattern in the selection?
A The last word of each line in each stanza rhymes.
B The last words of lines 1 and 2 in each stanza rhyme.
C The last words of lines 1 and 3 in each stanza rhyme.
D The last words of lines 2 and 3 in each stanza rhyme.
3 Which line from the selection shares a rhythmic pattern with the line
“Thirteen horses left; a small crew”?
A As clouds sail in the sky, Takhi again reigns.
B Takhi no longer appeared in the wild. Was it too late?
C Like tractors, they ate grasses and sprouts.
D Their coats grew thick, their muscles lean.
4 Explain the meaning of the simile in line 12.

5 How do the commas in line 10 affect the rhythm of this line?

Name The Weird and Wonderful Echidna
Directions: Read the selections and answer the questions that follow.
The Mysterious Boto

A pink dolphin may sound imaginary, but it is real. It is called a 14
boto, or Amazon River dolphin. 19
A Puzzling Creature 22
The boto is a secretive river dweller. Many grow as long as a canoe 36
and can weigh 400 pounds. You would think such a large animal 48
would be easy to find. Yet scientists argue about exactly how many 60
botos there are. After heavy rains, the river waters are often filled 72
with red mud. The color of this mud is similar to the color of the 87
botos. This helps the botos hide. 93
Out of Sight 96
Another difficulty in studying the boto is its coloring. The boto can 108
be dark on top and light underneath. When looking from above, 119
the dark color blends in with the waters below. When looking at 131
the animal from below, the light color blends in with the sky above. 144
This helps the dolphin hide. Even though it can be difficult to study 157
botos, research continues. Scientists don’t want these fascinating 165
creatures to be overlooked. 169
The Amazon River Dolphin

There are many species of dolphin all over the world. Most of 181
them live in oceans. There are three types that are found only in 194
freshwater, like rivers. One of these freshwater dolphins is the 204
Amazon River dolphin. Of all the river dolphins, the Amazon River 215
dolphin is the most studied. 220
Why are scientists so interested in this creature? There are several 231
traits that set it apart from other dolphins. Some Amazon River 242
dolphins are whitish-gray to pink on the top. They are paler on 254
their underside. But others are a beautiful pink color. Unlike other 265
dolphins, an Amazon River dolphin is able to move its head from 277
side to side. 280

1 Based on the information in both selections, why is it difficult to study the
Amazon River dolphin?
A The dolphins are imaginary.
B Most dolphins live in freshwater rivers.
C The dolphins’ size makes it easy for them to hide.
D The coloring of the dolphins makes them hard to spot.
2 Which sentence from the second selection supports the idea in the first
selection that Amazon River dolphins are not one solid color?
A There are three types that are found only in freshwater, like rivers.
B Of all the river dolphins, the Amazon River dolphin is the
most studied.
C They are paler on their underside.
D But others are a beautiful pink color.
3 Based on information provided in both selections, the reader knows that

some Amazon River dolphins have —
A long snouts
B short bodies
C pink coloring
D heads that cannot turn
4 Describe the physical characteristics of Amazon River dolphins based on

details found in both selections.

Fight or Flight
Even though it doesn’t seem logical, scientists tell us that fear can 12
be a good thing. 16
The way you experience fear is your body’s response to 26
something. You automatically seek to protect yourself. Maybe 34
you’ve heard a loud noise. Your brain readies you to battle or 46
escape whatever is threatening, which is known as the 55
fight-or-flight response. 57
The brain reacts to fear by releasing chemicals that cause an 68
increase in heart rate and breathing, and it sends more blood to 80
your muscles. There is a purpose to fearfulness. Fear makes you 91
alert so that you can face that fear! 99
Stressed Out!
Some days there is so much to do—cleaning your room, doing 111
your homework, practicing your instrument, writing paragraph after 119
paragraph for a school report. You might feel a little stressed out. 131
What happens inside your body when you are stressed? 140
You’ll probably notice your muscles feel a little tight, and you might 152
get a headache. 155
You may start breathing a little harder and notice your heart 166
beating faster, and you may even start to sweat. 175
You might feel like there are “butterflies” in your stomach. 185
These reactions might keep you from your work, but the good 196
news is that they will pass when the stress is gone. You can try 210
some deep breathing or stretching exercises. These can help you 220
relax and get things done. 225

1 According to information in both selections about breathing, how does
your body change when you face fear or stress?
A You breathe deeply.
B You hold your breath.
C Your breathing gets faster.
D Your breathing gets slower.
2 According to the information found in both selections, your heart responds

to fear or stress by —
A stopping
B slowing down
C skipping a beat
D beating more quickly
3 Which sentence from “Stressed Out” supports the idea from “Fight or
Flight” that your body physically responds?
A Some days there is so much to do—cleaning your room, doing your
homework, practicing your instrument . . .
B You might feel a little stressed out.
C You’ll probably notice your muscles feel a little tight.
D You can try some deep breathing or stretching exercises.
4 Which of these ideas is found in both selections? Both selections suggest

that your body —
A seeks protection
B pumps blood quickly
C requires breathing to stay calm Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
D reacts physically to some situations
5 Based on the information in these two selections, how does your body’s
response to stress differ from your body’s response to fear?

Video Game Tester

What is a video game tester? 6
A game tester works for a video game production company. Such 17
businesses need to test video games before they are sold to 28
millions of people. A tester’s job begins when a game is close to 41
its final stages of development. 46
What does a video game tester do? 53
Testers play a game many times. They make notes about any 64
problems. A tester may find, for example, that a game’s menu does 76
not work correctly or that pushing a button on the controller does 88
not perform the correct action. This process may take months. 98
Cho’s Typical Day

In many ways, Cho’s day at work is different from most people’s. 110
He tests video games, but it’s not all play. Most of Cho’s day is 124
spent trying to “break” a game. He attends meetings so he can 136
report any breaks, or problems, that appear. He also writes long 147
e-mails with detailed paragraphs explaining problems with the 155
games. 156
Cho doesn’t get to relax and enjoy playing video games. While on 168
the job, he must analyze, or check, games very carefully. He must 180
regularly communicate with artists, programmers, and designers. 187
He also has deadlines. Finishing his testing by a certain date can 199
be stressful for Cho. 203

1 Read these sentences from the first selection. “Testers play a game many
times. They make notes about any problems.” Which sentence from the
second selection supports the idea expressed in these sentences?
A In many ways, Cho’s day at work is different from most people’s.
B He also writes long e-mails with detailed paragraphs explaining
problems with the games.
C While on the job, he must analyze, or check, games very carefully.
D Finishing his testing by a certain date can be stressful for Cho.
2 What information from “Video Game Tester” supports the idea from
“Cho’s Typical Day” that a tester is looking for problems in a game?
A A game tester works for a video game production company.
B A tester’s job begins when a game is close to its final stages
of development.
C A tester may find, for example, that a game’s menu does not work
correctly, or that pushing a button on the controller does not perform
the correct action.
D This process may take months.
3 Based on information in both selections, video game testers —

A take many breaks in a day
B do not need to go to school
C spend all day playing to win
D provide feedback on problems
4 Using details from both selections, describe the skills that a video game
tester needs for this job. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
5 Based on information from both selections, how is being a video game

tester stressful?

Name Out of My Mind
Lucas’s Long Jump

Lucas felt like his legs and arms were pumping in slow motion. 12
“Get your knees up!” advised Coach Singleton. 19
Lucas got ready for the long jump pit, and as he hit it, he stopped 34
before pushing his legs forward. 39
Coach Singleton approached Lucas, and he said, “Pretty good, but 49
you’ll do better—I promise.” Lucas nodded, but he was too tired to 62
wonder what Coach meant. 66
When all the long jumpers gathered on the field for stretches the 78
next day, Coach announced a change of routine. 86
The jumpers followed Coach into the locker room to find a laptop 98
set up on a table. 103
“Gather around,” said Coach. He played a video of the ten longest 115
jumps of all time. The team saw one jumper moving his arms in 128
circles as if flying through the air, and they watched another drive 140
his legs forward and dig his heels hard into the sand. 151
“Who wants to jump like those athletes?” asked Coach. “Son, can 162
you hear the call of the jump? Are you interested in the challenge?” 175
Am I? Lucas asked himself. Shall I try? 183
Long jump lessons continued all week as the jumpers practiced, 193
picturing themselves running to the edge of the pit and 203
jumping forward. 205
Lucas realized the beginning of the jump was his problem. My 216
mind is telling me it’s impossible to push my feet in front of my 230
body, he thought. He could imagine himself turning to jelly, and he 242
looked over at Coach Singleton, who was smiling. 250
“Don’t stop when you reach the pit. Keep going,” Coach 260
Singleton said. 262
So, Lucas pictured himself jumping and landing, sand flying, and 272
then rising to smile at the crowd. The time had come to meet the 286
challenge of the jump. 290
1 How does Lucas feel at the beginning of the selection?
A Tired from practice
B Hopeful he will jump far
C Happy that he is able to jump
D Angry that he was late to practice
2 Which detail from the selection tells about Lucas’s challenge?

A Lucas felt like his legs and arms were pumping in slow motion.
B Coach Singleton approached Lucas . . .
C Lucas realized the beginning of the jump was his problem.
D . . . he looked over at Coach Singleton, who was smiling.
3 After listening to Coach Singleton’s advice, Lucas —

A wins the track meet
B pictures himself succeeding
C decides to quit the long jump
D needs to examine more videos
4 Describe Coach Singleton’s interactions with Lucas before taking the team
into the locker room.

Name Out of My Mind
Rob the Great

Jayla and Rob had gathered all their materials, and together they 11
said, “Abracadabra!” 13
“We have the coolest act for the talent show!” cried Jayla. 24
Rob liked how much Jayla was looking forward to the talent 35
show. He had a surprise for her: a table decorated with a banner 48
announcing “Jayla and Rob, the Great Magicians!” 55
“That’s not all,” Rob smiled. He showed Jayla two magician 65
costumes, complete with top hats and magic wands. 73
“I think the scarf trick should belong to you. You’re better at it than 87
I am,” suggested Rob. 91
The duo practiced their act, memorizing their amazing tricks. A 101
week before the talent show, Jayla called Rob on the phone. 112
“Guess what,” she began. “I broke my leg, and I’m not allowed to 125
walk around,” she explained. 129
“That’s terrible,” replied Rob. “But wait, you can still perform the 140
magic act, can’t you?” 144
Later that day, Jayla’s brother gave her a ride to Rob’s house. 156
“Jayla, we will just have to forget about the talent show,” Rob said 169
gloomily as Jayla rested on the couch. 176
“What we need is to make the act more exciting,” Jayla said. She 189
had brought some music with her, and, as Rob performed the 200
different tricks, she helped him with his movements. 208

“Turn around in a circle with the scarves, and now, stretch them 220
out! Perfect!” she called out. 225
At the end of the practice, Rob took a bow, and Jayla cheered 238
and clapped wildly. Clearly, Rob wasn’t alone. It took two talented 249
people to create a winning magic show! 256

1 How does Rob’s interaction with Jayla at the beginning of the selection
help him? She —
A gives him advice on moves
B advises him on the costumes
C provides him with decorations
D makes him look forward to the show
2 What sentence from the selection shows Rob’s thoughts about the talent
show after Jayla gets hurt?
A “We have the coolest act for the talent show!” cried Jayla.
B He showed Jayla two magician costumes, complete with top hats and
magic wands.
C The duo practiced their act, memorizing their amazing tricks.
D “Jayla, we will just have to forget about the talent show,” Rob said
gloomily as Jayla rested on the couch.
3 How does Jayla feel about the performance in the talent show?
A Angry
B Content
C Excited
D Nervous
4 Why does Rob surprise Jayla at the beginning of the selection?

A He wants new costumes.
B He does not want to do the show.
C He enjoys giving presents to his friends.
D He knows she is excited about the show.
5 How does Jayla change Rob’s mind about performing the show after she
goes to his house?

Name Out of My Mind
Holding a Family Together

Robert and George Davis shared their home with another family. 10
A lot of families lived together during the Great Depression of the 22
1930s. The brothers didn’t mind having Elizabeth Johnson live with 32
them. Their fathers worked at the same factory in their village. The 44
owners of the factory had announced it would now operate only 55
three days a week, so money was tight. 63
“Father, I have a paper route after school,” Robert said. 73
“And I am going to babysit Ruby Clark,” added Elizabeth. They all 85
gave money to their parents to help pay for the home. 96
“We are very thankful to you both,” said kind Mr. Johnson, 107
sounding very tired. 110
Mrs. Davis cleared the table and washed the dishes. “You kids go 122
out and have some fun now,” she encouraged. 130
Robert, George, and Elizabeth scurried outside. “Let’s see if they’re 140
dry!” squealed Elizabeth. They did not have money to buy new 151
toys, so the kids made their own. They had created kites out of 164
brown paper and mixed flour and water for glue. 173
Fortunately, there was a breeze, and soon the children were flying 184
kites. “I say we plan a picnic,” dreamed Elizabeth. 193
“Yeah, we could pile into Mr. Smith’s truck and go fishing at the 206
Ohio River,” suggested George. 210
“We could stay overnight and have a campout!” added Robert. 220
“It’s practically free entertainment, except for the cost of gas . . .” 230
The three children nodded glumly. But George wasn’t giving up on 241
the idea. “How about I help Mrs. Smith plant a garden? Instead of 254
paying me money, we could ask for payment in gasoline. Then we 266
can take the truck and go camping.” 273
Rarely did the three children feel bored during the Depression, 283
because a little imagination went a long way! 291

1 Which sentence tells you how the children felt about realizing they needed
money for gas?
A “Father, I have a paper route after school,” Robert said.
B They all gave money to their parents to help pay for the home.
C They had created kites out of brown paper and mixed flour and water
for glue.
D The three children nodded glumly.
2 What detail shows a challenge the children faced?

A Their fathers worked at the same factory in their village.
B “You kids go out and have some fun now,” she encouraged.
C They did not have money to buy new toys, so the kids made
their own.
D But George wasn’t giving up on the idea.
3 Why do the three children have jobs? They —

A want to buy new toys
B are helping their families
C enjoy working after school
D need to plant a new garden
4 How does Mr. Johnson interact with the children?
5 How does George respond to Robert’s being disappointed about the cost
of gas?

Name Mama’s Window
Plant Care
Mario was startled by his mother’s “Oh, no!” 8
“Look! Something has chewed my flowers!” Mario knew that those 18
flowers were his mother’s pride and joy because she had started 29
the flowers in four-inch containers, and now the plants were the 40
size of bushes. 43
Mario noticed the nibbled leaves from the kitchen window as he 54
got ready for school, and he wondered what was eating them. 65
That evening, Mario’s mother was checking business papers at the 75
kitchen table, while Mario played video games in the living room. He 87
saw that she was working so hard, and he wished he could help her. 101
Mario put the controller down and thought about what had happened 112
that morning, when he got an idea. He asked his mom if he could use 127
the computer to do some research. Soon, he was looking through the 139
kitchen drawer for a flashlight and heading outside. 147
“Where are you going?” asked his mother. 154
“I’m going to check your garden,” Mario replied. He walked into 165
the backyard as his mom watched from the window. His plan was 177
to solve his mother’s garden problem. He had learned through his 188
research that rabbits and other animals will nibble plant leaves and 199
stems, and sure enough, the beam of the flashlight shone on some 211
rabbit tracks among the flowers. His guess had been right! He 222
thought for a moment, and then he knew just what to do. 234
The next day, Mario enlisted his uncle’s help. 242

“We are looking for netting,” Mario explained while at the village 253
garden shop. 255
When his mother arrived home, Mario and his uncle were waiting in 267
the backyard. 269
“You don’t have to worry about a pest attacking your flowers 280
anymore,” said Mario. “I’m pretty sure that the plants will grow 291
back, and this netting should protect everything.” 298
His mother’s face lit up like a flower in the bright country sun. 311
1 What sentence contains details that are important to the setting?
A Mario put the controller down and thought about what had happened
that morning . . .
B He asked his mom if he could use the computer to do some research.
C . . . the beam of the flashlight shone on some rabbit tracks among
the flowers.
D His mother’s face lit up like a flower in the bright country sun.
2 What detail from the selection best explains the problem in the story?
A Mario was startled by his mother’s “Oh, no!”
B Mario noticed the nibbled leaves from the kitchen window as he got
ready for school . . .
C Mario put the controller down and thought about what had happened
that morning . . .
D “We are looking for netting,” Mario explained while at the village
garden shop.
3 Which sentence shows the climax, or turning point, of the selection?

A He saw that she was working so hard . . .
B He thought for a moment, and then he knew just what to do.
C The next day, Mario enlisted his uncle’s help.
D When his mother arrived home, Mario and his uncle were waiting in
the backyard.
4 How does the setting influence the solution to the story?

Animal Rescue Hits the Road

Mrs. Garcia, the manager at the animal shelter, had a challenge 11
finding owners for the many dogs and cats in her care. Volunteers 23
like James and his sister Olivia helped comfort the animals until 34
they were adopted. Every week, however, it seemed that more and 45
more animals arrived that needed homes. 51
Mrs. Garcia spoke as shelter staff and volunteers gathered for a 62
meeting. “The truth is we have an overpopulation of animals in our 74
county. I would send dogs to my son if I could, but . . .” 86
“I have a friend in New York who would love either a boxer puppy 100
or a collie. There just aren’t any available in shelters in her area,” 113
sighed Olivia. “I wish we could send her Tyson! He’s part boxer, 125
and he needs a good home.” 131
“Why can’t we?” asked James. “Why can’t we?” echoed through 141
the room. 143
“We don’t have the money to fly a dog across the country, James,” 156
objected Mrs. Garcia. 159
“What if we started a car transport? We could ask volunteers to 171
drive our animals to their new homes once we make a match,” 183
suggested James. 185
Olivia joined in. “We know our sweet puppies, kittens, and older 196
pets are cute, but we need to get the word out to other people,” 210
added Olivia. 212
Mrs. Garcia warmed to the idea. “James, start taking photos of 223
our animals. I’ll call shelters in nearby states to see if they have 236
adoption requests that they can’t meet. Maybe one of our animals 247
will be exactly what they’re looking for.” 254
Olivia chimed in. “I can start an online page to ask for volunteer 267
drivers.” 268
James and Olivia didn’t know their great idea would be such a 280
success. Soon, Tyson was traveling two hundred miles to his 290
new home! 292
1 What is the conflict in paragraph 1?
A There are not enough volunteers.
B The shelter animals have no homes.
C Most people prefer boxers and collies.
D Some animals don’t like to ride in cars.
2 The problem is resolved when —

A Mrs. Garcia begins the meeting
B Olivia remembers her friend in New York
C they come up with a plan to transport the animals
D there is an overpopulation of animals in the county
3 What sentence shows how Mrs. Garcia responds as the plot moves
to resolution?
A “I would send dogs to my son if I could, but . . .”
B “I wish we could send her Tyson!”
C Mrs. Garcia warmed to the idea.
D Soon, Tyson was traveling two hundred miles to his new home!
4 It is important that Olivia wishes they could send Tyson to New York
because her wish —
A makes the group think about how to find homes
B gives James the idea to take pictures of Tyson
C finds a new home with a new family for Tyson
D leads Mrs. Garcia to ask her staff to have a meeting
5 How does the setting of the animal shelter impact the plot? Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Strong-Willed Jessica
Jessica marched into the classroom with her backpack on tight 10
and began writing the date on the board. 18
“Jessica, that job is for the day’s helper,” objected Lily. 28
“Mrs. Green won’t mind,” Jessica replied. 34
Later, Mrs. Green divided the class into groups for a project, 45
and she assigned each student a job. Jessica expected to be 56
the leader for her group, but instead, she was given the role 68
of timekeeper. 70
“But, Mrs. Green, don’t you want me to keep everyone in my group 83
on task?” asked Jessica. 87
“It’s important that everyone tries each role, and you have already 98
been a leader,” replied Mrs. Green. “Shall we take turns?” 108
Jessica frowned. Didn’t everyone know she was the best leader in 119
the class? I guess she hasn’t even noticed me, thought Jessica. 130
Mrs. Green selected Lily as the leader for their group, and Jessica 142
watched her as their team worked on the project. Jessica could 153
see that Lily wasn’t doing a bad job, and in fact, she made sure 167
everyone in their group had the chance to contribute. 176
Afterward, Jessica was sitting in the cafeteria, deep in thought, 186
when Lily stopped by her table. 192
“What’s wrong?” Lily asked. 196
“Well, YOU got to be the leader today . . .” started Jessica. 206

“You have been the leader, too, Jessica. Remember the last time? 217
You did most of the group’s work,” stated Lily. 226
Jessica started to object, but then she thought about what Lily 237
said. Giving everyone a chance to be leader was fairer than always 249
giving it to Jessica. She nodded slowly. “You’re right, and besides, 260
our group gave the best presentation, so it’s good to be a part of 274
the team,” smiled Jessica. 278

1 Which sentence contains a descriptive detail that shows what the
setting is?
A Jessica marched into the classroom with her backpack on tight and
began writing the date on the board.
B “But, Mrs. Green, don’t you want me to keep everyone in my group on
task?” asked Jessica.
C She made sure everyone in their group had a chance to contribute.
D “Besides, our group gave the best presentation.”
2 Which detail about Jessica shows that the plot of the selection is moving
toward resolution?
A “Mrs. Green won’t mind,” Jessica replied.
B Jessica frowned.
C “Besides, our group gave the best presentation.”
D “It’s good to be a part of the team,” smiled Jessica.
3 The problem of Jessica being upset is solved when —

A Jessica writes the date on the board to help Mrs. Green
B Lily finds Jessica eating lunch alone and goes to talk to her
C Mrs. Green divides the class into groups to do an assignment
D Jessica realizes that other students should get a turn to be a leader
4 What is the climax, or turning point, in the selection?
5 In the falling action of the selection, what change does Lily see in Jessica?

Name Trombone Shorty
The Engineer
People often ask me how I decided to become an engineer. There 12
were a lot of things that helped me make the decision, and the 25
story goes something like this. 30
When I was a little girl, I used to watch my father work on his 45
cars. At first, I would just lie on the floor and watch, because 58
I loved to see him take things apart and put them back together 71
again. I started to help him when I got older. My father would say, 85
“Hannah, hand me the wrench.” This way, I learned about tools 96
and cars. 98
When I was in high school, I helped him even more. We took 111
out old batteries and replaced them with new ones, we rebuilt 122
engines, and we even went to junkyards to explore for old parts. 134
After high school, I went to college, and I already knew that I loved 148
tinkering with cars and seeing how they worked. Now I wanted 159
to learn the principles of automobile design, to decide what the 170
cars would look like, and to decide how they would work. I wanted 183
to be a member of the team who would make the “next big thing.” 197
My college advisor told me to try the engineering program, and as 209
soon as I sat down in my first class, I knew I had made the right 225
decision. 226
Now I spend my time working with other engineers. I enjoy 237
imagining how to design safer cars. We also want to make cars 249
that use less fuel. 253
I am part of a team that is improving the first car that drives itself. 268
A computer program operates the car, which means no one has to 280
drive! Everyone in the car can be a passenger. 289
So how did I decide to become an engineer? It was my dad, my 303
love for figuring out how things work, and a lot of hard work. 316

1 What detail from the selection best explains why the author included
details about her dad?
A This way, I learned about tools and cars.
B After high school, I went to college . . .
C . . . as soon as I sat down in my first class, I knew I had made the
right decision.
D I enjoy imagining how to design safer cars.
2 Which sentence supports why the author wrote the selection?

A When I was a little girl, I used to watch my father work on his cars.
B When I was in high school, I helped him even more.
C I am part of a team that is improving the first car that drives itself.
D It was my dad, my love for figuring out how things work, and a lot of
hard work.
3 The author wrote “The Engineer” most likely to —

A show how to become an engineer
B explain why she became an engineer
C inform the reader that engineering is fun
D persuade the reader to study engineering
4 The author most likely included information about college to —

My Electric Ear
My name is Pablo, and I have an electric ear. No, I’m not a robot. 15
I have what is called an implant, which is a very small device that 29
fits inside and around my ear so I can hear. 39
I was born in 1980, and when I was just a baby, my parents noticed 54
that I did not look at them when they called my name. I also did not 70
jump at loud noises. The doctor told them I was hearing impaired, 82
which means that I could not hear the sounds around me. 93
When I was small, this kind of implant had not been invented yet, 106
so my parents learned sign language and started to use it all the 119
time. Since I could not hear, I could not learn spoken language. 131
Sign language let me use my hands to “speak” with my family 143
and friends. 145
When I was about ten years old, my parents told me that I would 159
be getting an implant. I already knew a little bit about it because 172
they had shown me some books about kids who had them. They 184
took me to the doctor to learn more, and she said I would have 198
an operation to place the implant in my ear and that another part 211
would rest outside the ear. I was nervous, but excited, because I 223
would be able to hear! 228
I can still remember the first time I could hear my parents’ voices. We 242
all cried. Before my implant, I could only sense the beat of a drum 256
or other music. But after getting the implant, I could hear everything: 268
guitars, pianos, people talking, and even my dog barking! 277
I’ve had my electric ear for many years now, but the experience of 290
hearing all these things for the first time is one I will never forget. 304

1 What sentence from the selection explains why Pablo needs an
electric ear?
A No, I’m not a robot.
B . . . which means that I could not hear the sounds around me.
C When I was small, this kind of implant had not been invented yet . . .
D . . . she said I would have an operation to place the implant in my ear.
2 The author most likely included the fifth paragraph in the selection to —
A provide more information about his impairment
B express his concerns about being hearing impaired
C inform the reader of the results of getting an implant
D give information on how to live being hearing impaired
3 Which text evidence did the author include to express his feelings about
having an electric ear?
A My name is Pablo, and I have an electric ear.
B Sign language let me use my hands to “speak” with my family
and friends.
C When I was about ten years old, my parents told me that I would be
getting an implant.
D I can still remember the first time I could hear my parents’ voices. We
all cried.
4 The author wrote “My Electric Ear” mostly to —

A entertain with a fun story
B inform others about implants
C express his opinion about operations Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
D persuade people to get hearing checks

Life as an Electrician
Can you imagine life without electricity? You wouldn’t have television 10
or cold drinks, you wouldn’t be able to charge a mobile device, 22
and you would have to finish your chores by sunset. Modern cars 34
wouldn’t run because they depend on electrical systems. 42
My interest in electricity started at age six. My parents called an 54
electrician to fix an outlet in our house, and I followed him around 67
like a curious puppy. My parents kept telling me to leave him alone, 80
but he didn’t seem to mind. He showed me what all his tools were 94
and explained what they did. His knowledge of electricity was a 105
force, drawing me in, and he treated me like a son, showing me 118
what he knew. 121
Electricity—such a powerful force! I wanted to know the what, the 133
why, and the how of it. 139
I was already reading books about electricity by the time I was 151
seven, and I had stacks of books on the floor from the library. As 165
I grew older, I experimented with making my own electronics. My 176
sixth-grade science project was a motor made from a battery and 187
magnets. In high school, I built a radio, and I was able to tune in to 203
my favorite stations. Incredible! 207
After high school, I went to college, studying everything I needed 218
to know to become an electrician. Two years later, I attended 229
a special school for electricians, which was followed by time 239
studying with other electricians. I trained with them on the job. 250
One of the many things I learned is that you must be in good shape to 266
be an electrician. Electricians often work standing, kneeling, or even 276
lying down. You must also have good eyesight and be able to see 289
colors clearly. There can be many different colored wires, each serving 300
a different purpose, so it is very important not to mix them up. 313
After being an electrician for fifteen years, I can truly say that I love 327
what I do. 330

1 What sentence from “Life as an Electrician” gives important information
about why the author wrote the selection?
A Modern cars wouldn’t run because they depend on
electrical systems.
B My parents kept telling me to leave him alone, but he didn’t seem
to mind.
C I wanted to know the what, the why, and the how of it.
D You must also have good eyesight and be able to see colors clearly.
2 The details from the author’s childhood relate to the information at the end
of the selection by showing that —
A the things the author was interested in as a child are things
electricians do
B following the electrician was all he needed to do to be an electrician
C everything one needs to know about being an electrician can be
learned as a child
D his parents had to convince him to go to school to be an electrician
3 The author wrote “Life as an Electrician” most likely to —

A persuade people to study about electricity in school
B describe school projects that are able to use electricity
C express an opinion about electricians being in good shape
D inform others of his interest in and path to being an electrician
5 What was the author’s purpose for including the paragraphs about
learning about electricity in school?

Name Weslandia/The Circuit
Ant, Person, Elephant

It was the first day of school, and Amy noticed a new girl standing 14
in her class line. Amy gave her a smile as they walked inside. Their 28
teacher told the class that the new girl’s name was Gita and that 41
her family had recently moved from Indonesia. At recess, Amy 51
asked Gita to show her some games she liked to play. 62
“Well, there’s this one game we played a lot back home called Ant, 75
Person, Elephant,” Gita said. 79
Gita used her hands as she spoke. “Each person holds out a hand, 92
and then you count to three and either hold out your pinky finger 105
(ant), pointer finger (person), or thumb (elephant). The ant beats the 116
elephant because it can crawl into his ear and tickle him. The person 129
beats the ant because the person is much bigger. The elephant 140
beats the person because he can lift the person up with his trunk.” 153
“That’s a lot like rock, paper, scissors!” Amy said. 162
Go-Go-Im
It was finally the day of the party, and this year I was sharing a 117
game I had learned from my cousins in Israel: Go-Go-Im. I’d been 189
saving apricot pits all summer, and I now had a giant bag full of 203
them. I’d also been collecting cardboard to make targets for 213
the game. 215
As he walked up to my table, my best friend Tom was joined by 229
Clara, Maddie, and Dom. They wanted to see what this “awesome 240
game from Israel” was all about. I had been talking about it all 253
summer, and I hoped that it would live up to their expectations. 265
“There are six holes; each one is worth a different number of 277
points,” I explained. “The biggest is worth one point, and the 288
smallest is worth one hundred points. You need to toss the pits 300
and try to get them in the holes.” 308
Soon, everyone was tossing apricot pits, challenging each other to 318
see who could get the most points. 325
1 In “Ant, Person, Elephant,” Amy is willing to learn a new game. Which
sentence from “Go-Go-Im” shows that its characters are like Amy?
A I’d been saving apricot pits all summer, and I now had a giant bag full
of them.
B I’d also been collecting cardboard to make targets for the game.
C They wanted to see what this “awesome game from Israel” was
all about.
D I showed them how it was done.
2 How are the narrator’s feelings about the game revealed in “Go-Go-Im”?
A I’d also been collecting cardboard to make targets for the game.
B As he walked up to my table, my best friend Tom was joined by Clara,
Maddie, and Dom.
C I had been talking about it all summer, and I hoped that it would live
up to their expectations.
D Soon, everyone was tossing apricot pits, challenging each other to
see who could get the most points.
3 How are Gita in “Ant, Person, Elephant” and the narrator from “Go-Go-Im”
similar? They both —
A make new friends in school
B teach games from another country
C tell stories about games they enjoy
D take a risk to learn something new
4 How are the feelings of Amy in “Ant, Person, Elephant” and the narrator
from “Go-Go-Im” different? Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Common Ground
My mom and I were bringing sweet plantains to Mrs. Garcia, our 12
new neighbor. I’d been reading my comic book and wasn’t all that 24
excited about going. 27
When we arrived, Mrs. Garcia invited us inside, and we learned that 39
she was from the same village in Guatemala that my mom is from. 52
I sat down and listened as she and my mom traded stories about 65
immigrating to the United States. They talked about the paths they 76
had taken to become citizens. I watched my mom as she spoke 88
with Mrs. Garcia. I had thought I’d heard everything before. This 99
time, though, my mom was sharing some new memories. 108
“Go on back to your comic book, Isabella,” Mom said with a wink 121
when we returned home. 125
“How about you tell me some more about Guatemala instead?” 135
I said. 137
Sharing Cultures
Malia walked into the gym carrying her dish, her favorite chicken 148
stew, and a special bread commonly eaten in Uganda. “Where 158
shall I put it?” she asked her teacher. 166
“Either this table or that one,” Mrs. Becker said, pointing to the two 179
tables. She added, “I can’t wait to see your dance!” Malia smiled 191
and then quickly walked backstage to practice. She was afraid she 202
would forget a step and fall on the floor. 211

As more and more people entered the gym, mouthwatering smells 221
of various dishes floated through the air. Everything smelled 230
delicious, but Malia was so nervous that she couldn’t eat a bite! 242
When dinner was finished and everything put away, Mrs. Becker 252
announced the beginning of the performance. Malia’s dance was 261
first. She hesitated for a moment, but then she heard the rhythmic 273
beat of the traditional song and stepped onto the stage. 283

1 How does Isabella reveal her feelings about hearing her mom’s memories
in “Common Ground”?
A My mom and I were bringing sweet plantains to Mrs. Garcia, our
new neighbor.
B They talked about the paths they had taken to become citizens.
C I watched my mom as she spoke with Mrs. Garcia.
D “How about you tell me some more about Guatemala instead?” I said.
2 In “Sharing Cultures,” Malia happily shares her culture with the school.
Which sentence from “Common Ground” shows how Isabella is different
from Malia?
A I’d been reading my comic book and wasn’t all that excited
about going.
B I sat down and listened as she and my mom traded stories
about immigrating to the United States.
C I had thought I’d heard everything before.
D This time, though, my mom was sharing some new memories.
3 How does the narrator show the feelings of the main character in
“Sharing Cultures”?
A “Where shall I put it?” she asked her teacher.
B She was afraid she would forget a step and fall on the floor.
C Everything smelled delicious.
D Malia’s dance was first.
4 How are Isabella in “Common Ground” and Malia in “Sharing Cultures”

similar? They both — Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
A like to cook and dance

B are students at the same school
C express themselves through words
D share food from their native countries
5 What are Isabella’s and Malia’s feelings toward their cultures of origin?

Sky Stones
Daniel squirmed in his seat, waiting for his turn to speak. He had 13
decided to talk about a piece of his American Indian heritage, but 25
he wasn’t sure if he could describe the necklace correctly. He ran 37
his fingers over the large turquoise stone set in the middle and 49
tried to remember everything his father had told him about the 60
necklace. Would anyone even be interested? 66
Soon, it was Daniel’s turn, so he cleared his throat and began to 79
describe the importance of turquoise in Navajo jewelry. 87
“It is known as the ‘sky stone’ because its bright blue color 99
represents the sky,” he explained. “The green lines throughout 108
it represent the Earth.” As he spoke, Daniel felt more and more 120
comfortable, and before long, he had finished his presentation. 129
“Does anyone have any questions?” Daniel asked, and he watched 139
hands go up in the air. 145
What’s in a Word?
Before I was born, my mom’s sister moved to England, a country 157
across the ocean. I’d never met her or my cousin Pippa, but now 170
they were finally coming for a visit. I was excited, but I wondered if 184
we’d have anything in common. 189
After they arrived, my mom and Aunt Bonnie headed off to chat, so 202
I decided to show Pippa my room. 209
“I love your jumper, Katie,” she said, as we walked upstairs. 220

“Um, thanks,” I replied. I had no idea what she was talking about, 233
but I didn’t want to seem rude either. 241
We became fast friends as we chatted. We even discovered we 252
both belong to the same online reading club, and before we knew 264
it, Mom was calling us for dinner. As we headed back downstairs, 276
Pippa touched my sleeve. 280
“By the way,” she said with a smile, “a jumper is a sweater.” 293

1 Which sentence shows how the narrator reveals the feelings of the main
character in “What’s in a Word”?
A I was excited, but I wondered if we’d have anything in common.
B “I love your jumper, Katie,” she said as we walked upstairs.
C We even discovered we both belong to the same online reading club.
D “By the way,” she said with a smile, “a jumper is a sweater.”
2 How do Daniel’s feelings change from the beginning of “Sky Stones” to

the end? They change from —
A angry to calm
B anxious to excited
C happy to concerned
D nervous to confident
3 How are Katie in “What’s in a Word” and Daniel in “Sky Stones” similar?
They both —
A give a speech
B feel nervous about something
C enjoy spending time with their family
D create new pieces of art with their hands
4 In “What’s in a Word?” how does Katie feel when Pippa says, “I love
your jumper”?

5 How is the point of view in “Sky Stones” different from the point of view in
“What’s in a Word”? Provide text evidence that helps you explain.

Name Poetry Collection
Sunset
It was late afternoon, 4
The day getting old. 8
I glanced at the skies— 13
A sight to behold! 17
A watercolor painting 20
Was brushed across the sky. 25
Amazing pinks and purples, 29
I couldn’t believe my eyes! 34
Whoosh! a new brush, new color, 40

A deep shade of blue. 45
Stars began to twinkle. 49
A new canvas to view. 54

1 What does the figurative language “A watercolor painting” describe?
A Art
B Clouds
C Stars
D Sunset
2 Read the last stanza. The word “whoosh” is an example of onomatopoeia.

Which of the five senses does the word whoosh appeal to?
A Hearing
B Sight
C Taste
D Touch
3 What line from the poem helps the reader imagine the way a night
sky looks?
A It was late afternoon,
B I glanced at the skies—
C I couldn’t believe my eyes!
D A new canvas to view.
4 What words does the author use to compare the sky to a work of art?
Choose two details to support your answer.

The Wind
By Robert Louis Stevenson
I saw you toss the kites on high 8
And blow the birds about the sky; 15
And all around I heard you pass, 22
Like ladies’ skirts across the grass— 28
O wind, a-blowing all day long, 34
O wind, that sings so loud a song! 42
I saw the different things you did, 49

But always you yourself you hid. 55
I felt you push, I heard you call, 63
I could not see yourself at all— 70
O you that are so strong and cold, 92

O blower, are you young or old? 99
Are you a beast of field and tree, 107
Or just a stronger child than me? 114


1 The poet uses repetition by including the line(s) —
A I saw the different things you did,
B I felt you push, I heard you call,/I could not see yourself at all—
C O you that are so strong and cold,
D O wind, a-blowing all day long,/O wind, that sings so loud a song!
2 The poet uses the words “like ladies’ skirts” to describe the sound of —
A sky
B wind
C kites
D songs
3 What words from the poem create the image of wind moving?
A blow the birds
B sings so loud
C strong and cold
D all day long
4 The poet uses figurative language in the line “Are you a beast of field and
tree” to show —
A the music of the wind
B the stillness of the wind
C the strength of the wind
D the temperature of the wind
5 How does the poet use the line “I saw you toss the kites on high” to
engage the reader’s senses? Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Giles at 14
By Diane de Anda
A tiger cat that once roamed free, 7
He claimed the world that he could see 15
From high atop the tallest trees 21
Or on the roof tops in the breeze, 29
Where he’d look down on other males 36
And spy plump mice and lizard tails 43
To bring back home as gifts for me, 51
His own special delivery. 55
His once bright stripes of marmalade 61
Have softened and begun to fade, 67
But he does not know he is old, 75
His eyes still sparkle orange-gold 80
To chase the shadows down the hall 87
And flecks of light across the wall, 94
To stand his ground and claim his place 102
With younger cats that share his space. 109
His realm is now inside my house, 116
His fiercest prey a catnip mouse, 122
But he can leap and climb up still 130
Although just to the window sill 136
To sit and watch the birds fly by 144
And catch them now in his mind’s eye, 152
Then curl right up onto my lap 159

Or in his basket for a nap 166
To dream again of hunting days, 172
Of alley fights and tomcat ways. 178

1 What line from the poem helps you picture what the cat looks like?
A From high atop the tallest trees
B His eyes still sparkle orange-gold
C But he can leap and climb up still
D And catch them now in his mind’s eye,
2 What detail from the poem combines with the line “His once bright stripes
of marmalade” to help the reader imagine the cat’s fur?
A A tiger cat
B Shadows down the hall
C A catnip mouse
D Of hunting days
3 Which metaphor from the poem helps the reader imagine the cat as
a hunter?
A His realm is now inside my house,
B His fiercest prey a catnip mouse,
C To sit and watch the birds fly by
D Then curl right up onto my lap
4 Why does the author include the metaphor “His own special delivery”?
5 What is the rhyme scheme of this poem? Explain what effect this rhyme
scheme creates.

Name Can You Guess My Name?
The Sandy Road

A long time ago, a merchant traveled across the desert to sell his 13
wares. He had a team of men to drive the wagons. This included 26
a guide. They called the guide the pilot. The pilot could read the 39
stars and tell the men in which direction to travel. 49
The sun shone so brightly that the desert was as hot as an iron, and 64
the men and animals could not travel by day. Instead, the pilot had the 78
team drive the wagons at night when the temperature was cooler. 89
They traveled many nights across the desert. Then the pilot made 100
an announcement. “We are close to the city. We will arrive before 112
the sun is up.” 116
The merchant said, “Unload the water to make the loads lighter 127
for the oxen. We won’t need that type of supply anymore because 139
soon we will be in the city.” 146
The pilot had had trouble sleeping that day and thought he 157
would close his eyes for just a moment. Before long, however, 168
he fell asleep. Without his guidance, the oxen walked all night in 180
circles. They wound up in the same place they had started from 192
the evening before. When the pilot awoke, the men and animals 203
were tired and thirsty. They would now have to travel another day 215
through the desert. 218
The pilot realized this was not a good situation. “We must find water. 231
If we don’t, we will die.” The pilot searched until he spied some 244
grass. He knew that grass could grow only if there was water nearby. 257
“Quick, someone fetch the spade and hammer!” he commanded. 266
The men took turns digging under the plants. 274
A helpful boy jumped to their assistance. “I will help dig,” he 286
offered. He climbed into the hole the men had dug and continued 298
digging. Suddenly, water gushed from the ground. 305
The men and oxen drank furiously. Then the team ate and rested. 317
That evening, they set off for the city and drove until they arrived, 330
just before sunrise. 333
1 The pilot helps the merchant and his team of men by —
A showing them the best place to sell their wares
B telling them in which direction they should travel
C finding the best wagons and oxen to pull the wagons
D explaining to them how to read the stars and find water
2 What does the boy do to help the other characters in the story?
A Finds food
B Digs for water
C Looks for grass
D Cares for the oxen
3 Which sentence shows how the pilot feels about traveling another day in
the desert?
A The pilot could read the stars and tell the men in which direction
to travel.
B The sun shone so brightly that the desert was as hot as an iron,
and the men and animals could not travel by day.
C The pilot realized this was not a good situation.
D “Quick, someone fetch the spade and hammer!” he commanded.
4 What does the pilot do to help the other characters when he realizes they
will die if they do not find water?

Molly and the Giant

Long ago, three sisters, Molly, Rose, and Petunia, were lost. They 11
became hungry, so Molly decided to ask for food at a large house 24
they passed on the road. 29
“It might be a giant’s house,” Rose said. 37
“Maybe, but I still would like a hot meal,” replied Molly. Although 49
she was the youngest, she was brave. 56
Molly knocked on the great front door, and a woman answered it. 68
“You cannot enter here,” she warned. “My husband is a giant.” 79
Rose and Petunia trembled, but Molly declared, “We will have 89
dinner finished before he knows we’re here, if you will be so kind.” 102
The giant’s wife agreed and gave each of the girls bread and milk, 115
served on a plate with the consonant “G” on it. As they ate by the 130
fire, the giant stomped in, saying, “Who are these children that 141
dare to enter my house and eat my food?” 150
Before the giant could say anything else, Molly pushed her sisters 161
out the door. Darkness had fallen, but clever Molly had a chain in 174
her pocket, and now she instructed her sisters, “Hold onto this and 186
follow me so we don’t get separated!” 193
They arrived at a fast-moving river, but the two older girls could 205
not swim. Molly looked about and saw a bridge made from a single 218
hair. “Only those who are quick and light on their feet can cross a 232
single-hair bridge,” Molly said, looking at her sisters. 240
Rose and Petunia were afraid to try, but Molly told them that they 253
were all as light on their feet as deer. “We’ll do it together,” she said. 268
Molly counted to three, and the girls scampered over the bridge. 279
Just as they arrived on the other side of the river, the giant came 293
crashing through the trees. He stopped at the river, knowing he 304
was too big and clumsy to cross a single-hair bridge. 314
“Never dare come again!” yelled the giant. 321
Molly turned and laughed, “Never more will we come!” 330

1 Read paragraph 6. What character trait helps Molly escape from the giant?
A Helpfulness
B Intelligence
C Being nervous
D Being ordinary
Rose and Petunia trembled, but Molly declared, “We will have
dinner finished before he knows we’re here, if you will be so kind.”
What does Molly being bold in this sentence lead the sisters to do?
A Walk home
B Enter the house
C Run from the giant
D Play with the woman
3 What is one thing Molly’s bravery leads her to do?

A Arrive home
B Knock on the door
C Speak to her sisters
D Swim across the river
Rose and Petunia were afraid to try.

What does Molly being brave lead the sisters to do after this sentence?
A Cross the bridge
B Eat with the giant
C Knock on the door
D Walk down the road
5 How is Molly’s character different from her sisters’ characters?

Thor Goes Fishing

A Norse Myth
Long ago, Aegar’s kettle broke, and he asked Thor to get a 12
replacement. Although Aegar was only a human, Thor loved the 22
feasts Aegar made with his kettle, so he agreed to help. Aegar 34
knew that the giant Hymer had a type of kettle that was strong 47
and large. However, it would be dangerous to get it. “I live for a 61
challenge!” answered Thor. 64
When Thor arrived at the giant’s hall, Hymer was in a foul mood. 77
But he made the best of the unexpected visit and invited Thor 89
fishing the next day. 93
Hymer asked Thor to row out to sea. He was surprised at the 106
speed of Thor’s oaring. The boat trembled under Thor’s stroke, and 117
they traveled so far out that Hymer was frightened. “If you go any 130
farther, we will encounter the sea serpent.” 137
“No matter,” Thor replied. In time, he stopped at the spot where 149
he sensed the serpent was coiled. Thor cast his fishing line, and 161
immediately the sea serpent took hold of it. Thor and the monster 173
became involved in a furious struggle. Thor pulled the line with 184
the force of two whales until his feet went through the bottom of 197
the boat! Hymer trembled and, in panic, cut the line, sending the 209
writhing serpent sinking to the bottom of the sea. 218
Instead of allowing his anger at losing his prize to show, Thor 230
rowed them to shore. Back under Hymer’s roof, Thor spotted 240
the kettle with the consonant “H” on the side. Hymer felt braver 252
at home, so he challenged Thor to lift the enormous kettle. Thor 264
raised the kettle forcefully off the ground. Hymer’s eyes grew 274
wide. Then Thor placed the kettle on his head like a mighty helmet 287
and marched swiftly through the hall with Hymer and his guards 298
chasing after him. 301
Thor soon arrived at his horse and drove it fast as light back to his 316
home, where Aegar was waiting impatiently. Thor boasted all night 326
long of his adventures. The vessel was used to cook a grand feast. 339

1 What does Thor being fearless cause him to do in paragraph 4?
A Cook
B Eat
C Fish
D Sing
He was surprised at the speed of Thor’s oaring.
What does this sentence tell you about how Hymer felt about Thor? He —
A was fearful of the sea serpent
B had predicted the bravery of Thor
C had underestimated Thor’s strength
D was glad to have Thor’s help fishing
3 Which detail shows how Thor feels about Aegar’s request?

A To get it, however, would be dangerous.
B “I live for a challenge!” answered Thor.
C Thor rowed them to shore.
D Thor told the story of his adventures.
4 How is Hymer different when he is at sea and when he is home?
5 Read this detail from the selection.
Thor boasted all night long of his adventures.
What can the reader infer about the reason Thor accepted
Aegar’s challenge?

Name Thunder Rose
John Henry
During the 1800s, railroads appeared across the country. John 9
Henry got work building the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. 18
It was hard and dangerous, but Henry loved it. In fact, he boasted 31
that he was born with two twenty-pound hammers in his hands! 42
“I can drive more steel than ten men,” Henry told his boss, Captain 55
Tommy. They were laboring in the Big Bend Tunnel. The crew’s job 67
was to drive long rods of steel into the rock, and, once the holes 81
were made, the men poured a special mixture and blew away 92
the rock. 94
Captain Tommy challenged Henry. “Lil’ Bill,” he said, “come and 104
hold the steel for the new man. We’ll see how well he pounds.” 117
Henry gladly accepted. He took a hammer in each hand. With 128
his strong voice, he broke out in song: 136
“Hammer, wham, hammer, ring, 140
While I sing, hear me sing. 146
No hammer rings like mine, 151
Into the rock, driving the steel.” 157
John Henry swung the hammer above his head, over and over. 168
He was a natural at it! Everyone who gathered stared as 179
he pounded. 181
Captain Tommy inspected the work and declared, “John Henry, 190
you were made to smash hard rock!” 197
John Henry happily did his work until the day a salesman 208
arrived with a steam drill. The salesman said that the drill 219
could do the work of twenty men. Captain Tommy declared 229
a race between the machine and John Henry. People rushed 239
to watch the contest. The steam drill chugged while Henry 249
swung and broken rock flew into the air. Captain Tommy cried, 260
“Henry won!” and the crowd cheered for the steel-driving man. 270

1 What detail from the selection helps to show John Henry’s feelings
about himself?
A John Henry got work building the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.
B “I can drive more steel than ten men,” Henry told his boss,
Captain Tommy.
C “Lil’ Bill,” he said, “come and hold the steel for the new man. We’ll see
how well he pounds.”
D Captain Tommy inspected the work and declared, “John Henry, you
were made to smash hard rock!”
2 Read these sentences from the selection.
John Henry swung the hammer above his head, over and over.
Everyone who gathered stared as he pounded.
What does the paragraph tell the reader about John Henry’s character?
He is —
A angry
B helpful
C determined
D excited
3 What is the main theme of the selection?

A Bragging is all right if you can prove you can do it.
B When someone is strong, they can beat a machine.
C If you work hard, your boss will give you more work.
D Having confidence in your abilities can help you succeed.
4 What do John Henry’s actions working on the railroad tell the reader about
his values?

Name Thunder Rose
Joe Magarac Saves His Crew

Some say Joe Magarac was the greatest natural steel worker who 11
ever lived. Maybe that’s because he was born in an iron ore mine and 25
raised in a furnace! He was as tall as a smokestack. His shoulders 38
were as big as a steel mill door. His hands were like huge buckets, 52
and he seemed to be a man made of steel. 62
At the steel mill, Joe did the work of twenty-nine men. He could stir 76
tubs of the highest temperature steel with his bare hands. No one 88
else could make railroad rails by squeezing molten steel between his 99
fingers, but Joe could. He was a “Genius of Steel.” 109
Joe walked across the mill by stepping from furnace to furnace with 121
blazing purpose. People called him a donkey about his work, 131
meaning he drove himself tirelessly. 136
One day, Joe was busy working when he heard a cracking noise. He 149
looked up and saw that a crane holding molten steel was about to 162
break and release its contents onto everyone below. Joe rushed into 173
action, catching pieces of the broken crane with his bare hands. Not 185
one drop of molten steel touched the other steel workers. 195
That was not the only time that Joe saved his crew with an incredible 209
feat. Once, an entire train filled with huge steel blocks broke loose 221
inside the steel mill and barreled toward the workers on the bottom 233
of the hill. But Joe managed to catch the train, and he hauled it back 248
up the hill. 251
Joe may have been a man of steel, but he didn’t have a heart of steel. 267
He had a heart of gold. 273

1 Which is one of Joe’s successes?
A Being known as a donkey
B Knocking a train off the tracks
C Stirring tubs of hot steel with his hands
D Making steel cooler by pouring water on it
2 Read paragraph 4 from the selection. In what way does it show how Joe
feels about his crew? It shows that Joe —
A values their lives
B thinks they work hard
C does not care about them
D is angry because he does all the work
3 Joe’s actions show the reader that he —

A is brave and respects people
B cares only about steel workers
C enjoys working hard at the mine
D does not like working with others
4 Which detail(s) helps the reader infer a theme of the selection?

A Maybe that’s because he was born in an iron ore mine and
raised in a furnace!
B At the steel mill, Joe did the work of twenty-nine men.
C He looked up and saw that a crane holding molten steel was
about to break and release its contents onto everyone below.
D Joe may have been a man of steel, but he didn’t have a heart
of steel. He had a heart of gold.
5 What is the main theme of the selection?

Name Thunder Rose
Sally Ann Crockett

Sally Ann Crockett was known near and far for being the toughest 12
woman in the land. In fact, some people called her Sally Ann Thunder 25
Ann Whirlwind Crockett and believed she had earned every part of 36
that name. 38
Her husband, Davy Crockett, was so proud of her and all she had 51
done that he bragged about her all the time. 60
“She is so amazing that she can wrestle an alligator and win the contest 74
easily,” he told everyone who crossed his path. 82
One day, a boatman named Mike Fink got tired of hearing Davy 94
Crockett’s boasting. He thought that Sally Ann wasn’t as great as 105
Davy said, and he thought that he could prove it. 115
“I bet I can scare the wits out of Sally Ann,” Mike Fink said to Davy 131
Crockett, but Davy just laughed and took on the bet with Mike Fink. 144
So, the next day, Mike Fink dressed up as an alligator and hid in the 159
bushes to wait for Sally Crockett. As she walked by, Mike jumped out 172
and started screaming as loudly as he could, while showing his sharp 184
alligator teeth, fearsome alligator claws, and long alligator tail. 193
Sally Ann just stopped and stared, annoyed that Mike Fink had blocked 205
her way. She looked at Mike Fink dressed up in that costume and 218
started to scold him like a naughty child. 226
“What has gotten into you, Mike Fink? Are you ill? Do I need to take 241
your temperature?” 243
Mike Fink was so embarrassed that he decided he would never try 255
to scare Sally Ann again. 260

1 Read paragraphs 2 and 3. What do Davy’s words imply about Sally Ann?
A She can win any race.
B She is tough and strong.
C She is scared of alligators.
D She can save one hundred lives.
2 Read this paragraph from the selection.
“What has gotten into you, Mike Fink? Are you ill? Do I need to
take your temperature?”
This sentence tells the reader that Sally Ann is —

A sad
B calm
C happy
D nervous
3 Which sentence best supports a theme of the selection?

A Sally Ann Crockett was known near and far for being the
toughest woman in the land.
B One day, a boatman named Mike Fink got tired of hearing Davy
Crockett’s boasting.
C So, the next day, Mike Fink dressed up as an alligator and hid
in the bushes to wait for Sally Crockett.
D Mike Fink was so embarrassed that he decided that he would
never try to scare Sally Ann again.
4 What do Sally’s actions tell the reader about her?
5 What is a theme of this selection?

Name La Culebra (The Snake)
Being Responsible
Modern-day kitchen with a table and three chairs 8
Characters: MOM, DAD, and ANDREW 13
Scene 1 15
(DAD is making dinner. MOM is reading the newspaper. ANDREW is 26
reading a book about dogs.) 31
ANDREW: Mom? Dad? Do you think we could get a dog? 42
MOM: A dog? 45
ANDREW: I’ve wanted one for a while. I think I’m old enough. 57
DAD: Caring for a dog is a big responsibility. You know that, right? 70
ANDREW: Sure! You feed it, and walk it, and . . . make sure it has 84
a nice bed and toys to play with. 91
DAD: Tell you what. Let’s start with a plant. If you can keep the 105
plant alive and healthy, then we will see about a dog. 116
Scene 2 118
(ANDREW’S bedroom. There is a small plant on top of his bookcase.) 130
ANDREW (talking to himself): It just needs water and sunlight. 140
(ANDREW pours too much water on the plant so that it overflows.) 152
ANDREW: Oh, no! I’ve got to clean this up! 161
(DAD comes in and frowns.) 166
DAD: Andrew, that plant doesn’t look too good! 174

ANDREW: I don’t know why! I had a method. I watered it every 187
day and put it near the window in the sun. 197
DAD: It looks like you watered it too much. Let it dry out for a few 213
days and see if it gets better. 220
ANDREW: Taking care of something is harder than I thought! 230

1 Which line is an example of dialogue said by Andrew?
A Caring for a dog is a big responsibility. You know that, right?
B Sure! You feed it, and walk it, and . . . make sure it has a nice bed
and toys to play with.
C Andrew, that plant doesn’t look too good!
D Let it dry out for a few days and see if it gets better.
2 Read these lines from the selection.
(DAD is making dinner. MOM is reading the newspaper.

ANDREW is reading a book about dogs.)
What element of a play is shown in these lines?

A Cast
B Setting
C Dialogue
D Stage directions
3 Read the stage directions in Scene 2. Which word from the stage
directions best describes Dad’s emotions in Scene 2?
A comes
B looks
C frowns
D takes
4 Read Scene 2. What are Andrew’s actions after he gets a plant?


Chores
Kitchen in a modern-day home 5
Characters: DAD, KEVIN, a nine-year-old boy 11
Scene 1 13
(DAD is finishing a cup of coffee. KEVIN is eating cereal.) 24
DAD: Do you remember our agreement? If you want to play video 36
games later, you need to help me clean the house. 46
KEVIN (looks into his bowl): Yeah, I remember. 54
DAD: Tell you what—I’ll start with the laundry while you finish your 67
breakfast. Bring the iron and ironing board in here, okay? 77
KEVIN: Sure. But, Dad . . . I don’t know how to clean. 87
DAD: Well, there’s no better time to learn! Let’s start with 98
vacuuming the living room, okay? 103
KEVIN (sighing): Okay . . . I guess. 108
Scene 2 110
(In the living room, KEVIN is vacuuming, but not well.) 120
DAD (from offstage): How’s it going? Are you done vacuuming yet? 131
(DAD comes into the living room to look at KEVIN’S work. He frowns 144
when sees that KEVIN has missed many areas of the carpet.) 155
DAD: You need a method when you vacuum, son. You move the 167
vacuum back and forth in straight lines. See? Like this. 177
(DAD makes motions with his hands to show KEVIN.) 186

KEVIN: I hate cleaning. 190
DAD: Let’s put on some of your favorite music. Then it’s like 202
spending the morning singing, but getting things done at the 212
same time. 214
KEVIN: That sounds great! 218
(DAD turns on the radio. KEVIN sings as he pushes the vacuum.) 230

1 Which example from the selection describes something the
audience hears?
A Scene 1 (DAD is finishing a cup of coffee. KEVIN is eating cereal.)
B DAD: Tell you what—I’ll start with the laundry while you finish your
breakfast. Bring the iron and ironing board in here, okay?
C (DAD comes into the living room to look at KEVIN’S work. He
frowns when sees that KEVIN has missed many areas of the
carpet.)
D (DAD makes motions with his hands to show KEVIN.)
2 Based on the final stage direction from Scene 2, how does Kevin feel?
A Tired
B Bored
C Cheerful
D Disgusted
3 Which line of dialogue shows Kevin’s feelings in Scene 1?

A Do you remember our agreement?
B Yeah, I remember.
C Well, there’s no better time to learn!
D Bring the iron and ironing board in here, okay?
4 Dad helps Kevin learn to enjoy cleaning more by —

A singing a song
B listening to music
C eating his breakfast
D playing video games
5 Read the dialogue in Scene 1. How does Dad respond when Kevin
says he does not know how to clean?

Paper Airplanes
Living room in a modern-day home 6
Characters: UNCLE JUAN, MARIA, and MOTHER 12
Scene 1 14
(It is raining outside for the fourth day. MARIA stares out the window.) 27
MARIA (sighing): I can’t believe it’s raining again today. I’m so bored. 39
MOTHER: Why don’t you read your new book about the planets? 50
MARIA: Mom, I’ve already read it twice. (She sighs again.) There’s 61
nothing to do. 64
MOTHER: Well, I have to iron the rest of these clothes, so I can’t 78
do anything with you right now. 84
(The back door slams, and UNCLE JUAN enters.) 92
UNCLE JUAN: How are you today, Maria? 99
MARIA (sadly): Hi, Uncle Juan. 104
UNCLE JUAN: My goodness, what’s the matter? 111
MARIA: Well, it’s just that it’s been raining forever. And I wanted to 124
ride my new bike today. I’m so bored! 132
UNCLE JUAN: I see. It’s natural to be bored on rainy days. Do you 146
know what I used to do on rainy days? 155
MARIA: No . . . what? 158
UNCLE JUAN: Your Uncle Miguel and I used to make paper 169
airplanes and have a contest to see whose plane flew the farthest. 181
MARIA: I don’t know how to make paper airplanes. 190
UNCLE JUAN: Oh, no? It’s easy. I’ll show you my special folding 202
method. 203
(UNCLE JUAN shows MARIA how to make paper airplanes. They have a 215
contest to see whose plane flies the farthest.) 223
MARIA: My plane won again! Thanks, Uncle Juan. This day was 234
not so boring after all. 239
1 Which line of dialogue explains to the audience why Maria is upset?
A I know you are disappointed, Maria. Why don’t you go read
your new book about the planets?
B My goodness, what’s the matter?
C Well, it’s just that it’s been raining forever. And I wanted to ride
my new bike today. I’m so bored!
D Oh, no? It’s easy. I’ll show you my special folding method.
2 Read the stage directions from Scene 1. What is Maria doing at the
beginning of Scene 1?
A Riding her bicycle
B Talking with her uncle
C Looking out the window
D Making paper airplanes
3 Which sentence suggests how Maria feels about the rain? Maria —
A loves staying inside
B has fun reading books
C is bored and disappointed
D enjoys helping her mother
4 Read the dialogue after Uncle Juan enters. What does Uncle Juan
suggest Maria do while she is stuck indoors?
5 What do the stage directions show about Maria’s emotions after

Uncle Juan helps her?

Name The Secret of the Winter Count
Alike, But Different

Amanda and her father had been on the train all morning. They would 13
be arriving in New York City in an hour. Her father, a banker, was 27
taking Amanda to her aunt’s while he traveled on a business trip. 39
As she watched the countryside fly by, Amanda thought about her trip. 51
She knew the city was far more exciting than her sleepy little town. 64
In fact, Amanda was certain that when she was older, she would 76
move to a big city instead of living in a little country town as she 91
did now. 93
Finally, the train arrived at the station! Amanda picked up her 104
suitcase with a big consonant “M” sewn on it for her nickname, 116
Mandy. As Amanda stepped onto the platform, she noticed 125
everyone rushing and dashing about. It seemed as if they all had 137
somewhere important to be! She saw her aunt waiting for her. 148
Amanda waved good-bye to her father as he continued on his way. 160
The next day, she and her aunt went out shopping. They stopped 172
at a small neighborhood store. Amanda was surprised when she 182
entered. Why, it looked a lot like the general store in her hometown! 195
As the storeowner greeted her aunt by name, Amanda looked 205
around. She saw that the store carried many of the same items her 218
town store did. She thought for the first time that New York was 231
not such a strange place, after all. 238
Amanda realized that although New York had many more people, 248
the city also had many of the same things her town did. People 261
built their own communities, whether in a small town or a huge city. 274
Still, after a week of the busyness of the city, Amanda found that 287
she was ready to go home to her quiet little town. She decided she 301
liked it best after all. 306

1 Which text evidence helps the reader determine the selection’s theme?
A Finally, the train arrived at the station!
B Amanda waved good-bye to her father as he continued on his way.
C The next day, she and her aunt went out shopping.
D Amanda realized that although New York had many more people, the
city also had many of the same things her town did.
2 Which detail in paragraphs 2 and 3 helps determine a theme?

A As she watched the countryside fly by, Amanda thought about
her trip.
B In fact, Amanda was certain that when she was older, she would move
to a big city instead of living in a little country town as she did now.
C As Amanda stepped onto the platform, she noticed everyone rushing
and dashing about.
D It seemed as if they all had somewhere important to be!
3 Which sentence does the author use to suggest that Amanda will
experience an important change in her thinking?
A Amanda and her father had been on the train all morning.
B They stopped at a small neighborhood store.
C Amanda was surprised when she entered.
D As the storeowner greeted her aunt by name, Amanda looked around.
4 Why was Amanda going into the store with her aunt important in
developing a theme of this selection?

Family Quilt
Maddie sighed. Her stitches were crooked—again. Maddie loved 9
looking at the quilt, but she hated working on it. Instead of mending 22
the seam, she could be playing with someone, or reading, or drawing. 34
Also, Maddie had to admit, she was hopeless when it came to her 47
sewing skills, but her grandmother—Nana—was determined that 56
Maddie learn. 58
Maddie knew that the quilt was created a long time ago when Nana’s 71
great-grandmother collected clothing scraps from almost everyone 78
in her family. A pink square came from her great-grandmother’s 88
favorite apron, with a scrap of a great-uncle’s old green tie next to it. 102
Everywhere she looked, there was a scrap of cloth telling a family story. 115
The pieces had been cut into perfectly square blocks and sewed 126
with impossibly perfect straight seams, but over time, the blocks 136
had faded and the quilt had softened. 143
“Nana, I’m just not good at sewing,” complained Maddie. 152
Nana looked at Maddie. “Maddie, you’re seeing this as a chore. This 164
should be a labor of love,” she said. “If you move your fingers too 178
quickly and don’t pay attention . . . well, crooked stitches show up. 188
Sweetie, this is about our family—our stories. When I am sewing on 201
the quilt, I think of many wonderful memories. Don’t be so impatient!” 213
Maddie thought about what her grandmother said and thought of the 224
love she had for her parents, her aunts and uncles, and even her little 238
brothers. She took a deep breath and slowly put the needle into the 251
soft material. She realized how much she loved the quilt and found 263
herself sewing. One. Straight. Stitch. At. A. Time. 271

1 Which phrase could be added 3 Which words from the selection tell
to the title to make an inference you the importance history plays in
about the theme? developing the story’s theme?
A scraps from almost A impossibly perfect, she
everyone hated working on it
B old green tie B Maddie sighed, don’t be so
C perfect straight seams impatient
D labor of love C many wonderful memories,
our family—our stories
2 Which detail shows what D her stitches were crooked,
Maddie’s grandmother thinks I’m just not good at sewing
is important?
A she could be playing with 4 Which sentence does the author
someone, or reading, or use to suggest that Maddie has
drawing experienced an important change?
B her grandmother—Nana— A Over time, the blocks had
was determined that Maddie faded and the quilt had
learn softened.
C the quilt was created a B “If you move your fingers
long time ago when Nana’s too quickly and don’t pay
great-grandmother collected attention . . . well, crooked
clothing scraps stitches show up.”
D the love she had for her C Everywhere she looked,
parents, her aunts and there was a family story,
uncles, and even her little waiting to be told.
brothers D She realized how much
she loved the quilt and Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
found herself sewing. One.

Straight. Stitch. At. A. Time.
5 What inference can you make about how Nana’s words shape Maddie’s
actions? Cite text evidence that supports your inference.

Lily to the Rescue

Lily yawned and finished folding the last newspaper of the day. Her 12
parents owned The Daily Telegraph, one of two newspapers in their 23
city. Their competition was The Observer, which boasted a much 33
larger audience. It seemed as if everyone read that paper. 43
The biggest challenge right now for The Daily Telegraph was 53
increasing its circulation. To do that meant printing more papers. 63
Lily had overheard conversations between her parents about 71
purchasing a steam-powered printing press. The Daily Telegraph 79
relied on an older, hand-operated press, which took longer and 89
printed fewer copies. Lily knew that The Observer had one of the 101
more modern presses. With a steam-powered press, The Daily 110
Telegraph could print twice as many copies as before. But steam- 121
powered presses were expensive. 124
How could Lily help? She was only twelve, and right now her only 137
job, other than schoolwork, was folding the newspapers each day. 147
Then an idea struck her—instead of getting a new press, perhaps 159
the newspaper could purchase a used steam-powered press. But 168
where, and from whom? 172
Then, she remembered that Thompson and Sons printing company 181
had recently shut down, because the Thompson family was 190
moving west to California. She also remembered that they owned 200
a steam-powered press. Working up her courage, Lily went to her 211
parents and reminded them about the Thompsons. She told them 221
that perhaps the Thompsons would be willing to sell the press. 232
To Lily’s surprise, her father rushed out to talk to Mr. Thompson, 244
and he returned a few hours later waving a bill of sale in his hand! 259
They were now the owners of a steam-powered printing press. Lily 270
was proud of herself for helping her family. Lily was excited too—it 283
was the beginning of a new adventure for the newspaper! 293

1 Which text evidence helps you determine the selection’s theme?
A Her parents owned The Daily Telegraph.
B Their competition was The Observer.
C It seemed as if everyone read that paper.
D Lily was proud of herself for helping her family.
2 The detail “working up her courage” tells you that —

A Lily is not sure how she can help her family
B Lily feels scared but wants to help her family
C Thompson and Sons has said no to her request, so she must
keep trying
D others have the same idea as Lily, and she has to fight for what she wants
3 Which statement from the selection helps you infer a main theme of
the story?
A How could Lily help?
B . . . right now her only job, other than schoolwork, was folding the
newspapers each day.
C Then, she remembered that Thompson and Sons printing company
had recently shut down . . .
D Lily was excited too—it was the beginning of a new adventure for
the newspaper!
4 How does the title help you infer the theme of this selection? Use ideas
from the selection.
5 Why was Lily remembering that Thompson and Sons had recently shut
down important in developing a theme of this story?

Name Pandora/Race to the Top
The Origins of Summer and Winter

An Acoma Legend
Co-Chin was the daughter of a great chief. She married Shakok, the 12
Spirit of Winter, and when Shakok moved to Co-Chin’s village, the 23
land froze, bitter cold winds blew, and the corn stopped growing. 34
One day, Co-Chin spotted a young man, whose arms were filled 45
with ears of corn. It was Miochin, the Spirit of Summer. Co-Chin 57
begged Miochin to allow her to come with him, but he refused and 70
reminded her of Shakok’s great temper. Co-Chin told her father 80
what had happened, and her father ordered her to bring Miochin to 92
the village. 94
Shakok learned that Miochin was visiting his village. He was 104
furious. The two battled each other to see who would rule the land, 117
but neither could defeat the other. Shakok and Miochin made an 128
agreement. For six months, Shakok would rule, then, for the next 139
six months, Miochin would rule. And with this method, the people 150
came to have both Summer and Winter. 157
How Seasons Arrived

A Greek Myth
Demeter, the goddess of the harvest, had a daughter named 167
Persephone. Demeter and Persephone watched over the plants 175
and crops of the world to make sure they grew. 185
One day, Hades, the ruler of the Underworld, saw Persephone. He 196
fell in love with her and he wanted her to be his wife. Persephone 210
went to live with Hades in the Underworld. Demeter fell into a deep 223
grief. She wandered the world searching for Persephone. The 232
plants and crops stopped growing. People grew hungry. 240
Finally, Zeus went to Hades and told him that Persephone needed 251
to go to her mother. For six months each year, however, she would 264
return to the Underworld to live with Hades. When Persephone 274
visited Demeter, the plants and crops grew. But when she went to 286
the Underworld, nothing grew at all. 292
1 What text evidence tells the main idea of “The Origins of Summer
and Winter”?
A Bitter cold winds blew, and the corn stopped growing
B He reminded her of Shakok’s great temper.
C Her father ordered her to bring Miochin to the village.
D The people came to have both Summer and Winter
2 What familiar topic do these myths both tell about?

A The need to believe in others
B The struggle between opposites
C The desire to save others from danger
D The importance of being generous to others
3 What is one similarity between the characters in The “Origins of Summer

and Winter” and “How Seasons Arrived”?
A Shakok and Hades are both in charge of winter.
B Co-Chin’s father and Demeter both watch over crops.
C Miochin and Demeter are both able to solve the problem.
D Co-Chin and Persephone are both daughters of important people.
4 How are the main ideas of “Origins of Summer and Winter” and
“How Seasons Arrived” similar to each other? Provide evidence from
the selections.

Prometheus Gives Fire

A Greek Myth
There was once a giant named Prometheus, who lived on Mount 11
Olympus. One day, he looked down on Earth and saw the people 23
were very sad. Zeus, the most powerful of the gods, thought fire 35
was too special for people and would not share it. Prometheus 46
knew that fire could help people by keeping them warm. 56
Prometheus took the fire and brought it down to Earth. Almost 67
immediately, the lives of the people improved. Zeus saw that 77
a great change had taken place. He flew into a rage. He called 90
on two giants and ordered them to chain Prometheus to a rock 102
forever. Prometheus took his punishment but never regretted 110
his actions. 112
Maui Brings Fire to the World

A Maori Myth
Maui was a curious young boy. He wondered where fire came 123
from, so he went around to all the villages and blew out every last 137
fire. The next morning, the villagers awoke, and they were very 148
angry with Maui. Maui’s father ordered him to seek Mahuika, the 159
goddess of fire, and beg for fire. Maui was pleased because now 171
he would know where fire came from. His father warned him to be 184
careful—Mahuika did not like tricks. 190
Maui traveled to the end of the Earth, where he happened upon 202
Mahuika. Maui explained that his people needed fire, so she gave 213
him one of her burning fingernails. He threw the gift into a nearby 226
stream, returned to Mahuika, and told her he had lost the fire. He 239
did this over and over, until Mahuika realized she had been tricked. 251
In anger, she threw her last fingernail at Maui. It landed in the trees, 265
and the trees promised they would care for the fire. 275
When Maui returned to the village, he brought wood from the trees. 287
He showed the villagers how to rub the wood together to make fire. 300

1 What is a common theme in “The Myth of Prometheus” and “Maui Brings
Fire to the World”?
A Humans need fire for happiness.
B Humans need to travel the world.
C The gods of fire share gladly with humans.
D The gods of fire want humans to have warmth.
2 Which action does Maui repeat in “Maui Brings Fire to the World”?
A Waking up the villagers
B Promising to care for the fire
C Breaking off branches of a certain type of tree
D Throwing Mahuika’s fingernails into the stream
3 Which event occurs in both selections?

A The taker of fire is rewarded.
B Humans ask the gods for fire.
C Gods are deceived to get fire.
D Gods punish the taker of fire.
4 Why is Zeus angry when he finds out what Prometheus has done?
A Having fire will harm humans.
B Humans were happy with fire.
C Only the gods are allowed to have fire.
D Zeus asked Prometheus to stay on Mount Olympus.
5 How are these two myths different?


The Two Fish

A Greek Myth
One day, Aphrodite and her son Eros were in the forest when they 13
heard the monster Typhon. Aphrodite took Eros’s hand, and the 23
two fled for their lives. As they ran, they felt Typhon’s fiery breath 36
coming closer and closer. They ran faster. 43
As they left the forest, Aphrodite and Eros found themselves along 54
the shores of the Great Sea. Knowing that the terrible Typhon 65
would soon be upon them, she begged for help from Poseidon, 76
ruler of the seas, who sent two fish to rescue them. Aphrodite and 89
Eros rode away to safety on the backs of the fish. Upon hearing of 103
their daring escape, the god of the skies, Zeus, honored the two 115
fish by placing them among the constellations. The two fish are 126
known as Pisces and can be seen in the night skies to this day. 140
Coyote and the Milky Way

A Navajo Myth
Long ago, the fire god began placing stars into the night sky. Very 13
carefully, he pulled a single star from his blanket bag and hung it in 27
the sky. He took his time finding the perfect spot for each type of 41
star. 42
Meanwhile, Coyote was watching. But Coyote was impatient with 51
the fire god’s method. He decided he would help the fire god. He 64
sneaked up behind the fire god, snatched his bag, and tossed all 76
of the remaining stars into the sky! 83
Several of the stars were flung together, forming a pathway across 94
the night sky. We call those stars the Milky Way, and we have 107
Coyote to thank for that glorious display of light. 116

1 These two myths both discuss the topic of —
A gods of the sky
B creatures of land and sea
C people running away from danger
D star formations we can still see today
2 These myths are examples of —

A moral lessons
B trickster myths
C creation stories
D friendship tales
3 Why did Coyote toss all the stars into the sky?
A Coyotes need light to hunt at night.
B The fire god requested Coyote’s help.
C Coyote was impatient with the fire god’s method.
D It was easier for Coyote to toss them than hang them.
4 How are these two myths different? Use evidence from the text.
5 What are these two myths attempting to explain?

Name Planet Earth
Life in the Sea

Do you ever wonder what it would be like to live deep in the 14
ocean? Many sea animals have not seen the ocean floor, either. 25
The deep ocean is cold, dark, and hard to live in. But the ocean 39
is actually full of interesting creatures from top to bottom. 49
Scuba divers can only dive about 130 feet. Some have made it 61
deeper using special equipment though. Other mammals, such 69
as dolphins and orcas, need to stay close to the surface. This is 82
because they breathe air. Some fish and sharks can survive deeper 93
in the ocean because they have gills and breathe underwater. 103
Sunlight in the ocean starts to fade at about 660 feet. The deep 116
ocean is dark and cold. Some animals are still able to live there. 129
The anglerfish is able to send out light from its head. This attracts 142
other fish to it. Giant squid and vampire squid are perfectly happy 154
living between 1,000 and 2,000 feet beneath the surface. Because 164
squid do not have bones, the crushing water pressure is not an 176
issue. Although humans cannot live at those depths, some animals 186
call it home. 189
Diver
Coral
Crab
Sea star
To the teacher: Labels that appear in the image are not included in the word count for the passage.

1 Which animal mentioned in the selection could live in the part of the ocean
shown in the picture?
A Orca
B Anglerfish
C Giant squid
D Vampire squid
2 What detail in paragraph 1 is helped by the picture?

A Do you ever wonder what it would be like to live deep in the ocean?
B Many sea animals have not seen the ocean floor, either.
C The deep ocean is cold, dark, and hard to live in.
D But the ocean is actually full of interesting creatures from top
to bottom.
3 The picture of the ocean is included to show —

A how deep the ocean is
B how deep humans can dive
C a place where swimmers can avoid sharks
D a place in the ocean where animal life is found
4 What information does the picture provide that the selection does not?

Name Planet Earth
Different Types of Earthquakes

Earth is made up of tectonic plates. These plates are like puzzle 12
pieces that fit together to form Earth’s surface. When tectonic 22
plates shift, they cause an earthquake. Different kinds of 31
earthquakes happen when the plates shift in different ways. 40
Convergent earthquakes happen when two plates run into each 49
other. Imagine pushing two sides of a puzzle together. Some 59
pieces would go on top of others. When two plates push against 71
each other, one plate moves so that it sits on top of the other. 85
Divergent earthquakes happen when the plates are pulled apart. 94
This type usually happens at the bottom of the ocean. Divergent 105
earthquakes can cause tidal waves hundreds of feet high. A tidal 116
wave is many times bigger than most ocean waves. 125
Strike-slip earthquakes happen when tectonic plates slide against 133
each other along a fault line. A fault line is where two different 146
plates touch each other. This is the type of earthquake that 157
sometimes happens in California. 161
Few things on Earth can match the power of an earthquake. 172
Scientists pay attention to how plates are moving. They do this so 184
they can try to alert people when an earthquake is about to hit. 197
Types of Earthquakes
Convergent Divergent Strike-slip
To the teacher: Text that appears in the diagram is not included in the word count for the passage.

1 Which detail from paragraph 3 does the diagram show?
A Divergent earthquakes happen when the plates are pulled apart.
B This type usually happens at the bottom of the ocean.
C Divergent earthquakes can cause tidal waves hundreds of feet high.
D A tidal wave is many times bigger than most ocean waves.
2 Based on the diagram, a strike-slip earthquake can —

A cause a tidal wave
B break a highway apart
C push one plate under another
D cause water to enter Earth’s core
3 From the diagram, you can see that in a convergent earthquake —

A both tectonic plates are forced upward
B both tectonic plates are forced downward
C one tectonic plate slides on top of the other
D the tectonic plates are pulled in opposite directions
4 The diagram of the earthquakes is included to show —

A why earthquakes are dangerous
B how to avoid being in an earthquake
C the places that have lots of earthquakes
D the plate movements that cause earthquakes
5 How do the arrows in the diagram support the information in

the selection?

Name Planet Earth
Fuel for the Body

Everyone knows that eating right and getting enough exercise are 10
two important ways to stay healthy. But do you ever wonder about 22
what “eating right” really means? Different foods give us vitamins 32
and nutrients to grow strong. 37
Fruits and vegetables are the building blocks for a healthy diet. 48
Scientists tell us that kids between the ages of 9 and 13 should 61
eat about 2 cups of vegetables and 1½ cups of fruit every day. 74
However, many children do not eat these amounts of fruits 84
and vegetables. 86
Many kids eat foods that are not healthy. Scientists explain that 97
people should eat only small amounts of sugar and salt. However, 108
many foods contain a lot of both of these things. It is important to 122
look at the labels for all the food that we eat. The labels give us 137
information about what is in the food. 144
Eating unhealthy foods can make children feel tired. It can also lead 156
to other health problems. Luckily, the solution to this is easy—we 168
can eat smarter. For example, eating beans is a good way to get 181
protein to make you feel full. Instead of a cookie, scientists suggest 193
reaching for an apple, which has natural sugar and vitamins. 203
What Kids Ages 9–13 Should Eat Each Day

Girls Boys
Grains 5 ounces 3 ounces
Vegetables 2 cups 2½ cups
Fruits 1½ cups 1½ cups
Dairy 3 cups 3 cups
Protein Foods 5 ounces 5 ounces
Oils 5 teaspoons 5 teaspoons
To the teacher: Text that appears in the chart is not included in the word count for the passage.

1 The diagram shows some of the details described in what part of the
selection?
A Paragraph 1
B Paragraph 2
C Paragraph 3
D Paragraph 4
2 Which food is mentioned in the diagram but not in the selection?

A Oils
B Fruits
C Sugar
D Vegetables
3 Which part of the selection helps the reader understand that kids do not
eat enough fruits and vegetables?
A Paragraph 1
B Paragraph 2
C Paragraph 3
D Paragraph 4
4 Summarize the information shown in the diagram table. Does this

information support the selection?
5 What is one fact from the selection that is not shown in the diagram?

Name Volcanoes
Sports Safety
People have enjoyed playing sports for centuries. The thrill of 10
crossing a finish line or scoring a winning touchdown is amazing. 21
But sports have changed over time. Sometimes a new rule is 32
added or an old one is taken away. Sports have also become safer 45
because of new and improved safety equipment. 52
Baseball became popular in America in the 1800s. But did you 63
know that players did not always use gloves? Catching fly balls 74
and speedy pitches barehanded caused a lot of trouble for the 85
players. They began using leather padded gloves to make catching 95
not only easier, but also less painful. Batting helmets were first 106
used around the early 1900s. However, they were not required in 117
professional baseball until 1956. Before that, batters risked getting 126
hit in the head by wild pitches. 133
Football is another sport that has evolved over time. Early players 144
did not wear any sort of safety equipment. Helmets began to 155
appear around the early 1900s, but they looked much different 165
than they do today. They were made of leather and did not cover 178
the entire skull. Plastic helmets improved safety and comfort for 188
players. Shoulder pads and facemasks came even later. 196
Safety in sports is just as important as playing by the rules. Better 209
equipment reduces a player’s chances of injury on the field. Fewer 220
injuries means more fun, and more playing time, and that’s exactly 231
what players want. 234

1 Which detail supports the idea that sports equipment has changed over
the years?
A Crossing a finish line
B Baseball became popular
C They were made of leather
D Exactly what players want
2 Which detail supports the central idea of the selection?

A Sometimes a new rule is added or an old one is taken away.
B Baseball became popular in America in the 1800s.
C Batting helmets were first used around the early 1900s.
D Before that, batters risked getting hit in the head by wild pitches.
3 What is the main idea of the selection?

A Sports have become safer.
B Baseball is safer than football.
C Safety equipment is not required in professional sports.
D Playing by the rules is the most important aspect of sports.
4 Which details from the selection support the idea that better equipment
reduces a player’s chances of injury on the field?

Name Volcanoes
A Comet or a Shooting Star?

Space is filled with incredible things, from strange planets to stars 11
that burn millions of miles away. People make wishes on shooting 22
stars and watch comets trail through the night sky. They seem to 34
dance in the sky like the notes in a melody of a song. Comets, 48
meteoroids, and asteroids are very similar, but they do have 58
some differences. 60
Comets are made of ice and dirt and orbit the sun. Gas and dust 74
travel behind a comet, making it seem as if it has a tail when it 89
comes closer to the sun. Scientists have been able to keep track of 102
a number of traveling comets. They can even calculate when they 114
will reappear. Halley’s Comet is probably the most famous example, 123
but it won’t be visible again until 2061. 131
Asteroids are similar to comets in that they also orbit the sun. 143
However, asteroids are made of rock, carbon, and metal. Most 153
do not have a tail when they come close to the sun, but some 167
do. Even with a telescope, people can have trouble telling the 178
difference between an asteroid and a comet when it is not near 190
the sun. 192
Meteoroids are pieces of a comet or asteroid that break off. If one 205
of these pieces burns up in the Earth’s atmosphere, it becomes a 217
meteor, but most people call that a shooting star. Every so often, a 230
meteor makes it through the atmosphere. If it lands on Earth, it is 243
called a meteorite. 246

1 Which detail supports the idea that comets and asteroids are similar?
A Stars that burn
B It has a tail
C They will reappear
D Also orbit the sun
2 Which detail supports the idea that comets and asteroids

have differences?
A Comets are made of ice and dirt and orbit the sun.
B Scientists have been able to keep track of a number of
traveling comets.
C However, asteroids are made of rock, carbon, and metal.
D Even with a telescope, people can have trouble telling the difference
between an asteroid and a comet.
3 Which detail shows the relationship between comets, asteroids,

and meteoroids?
A Gas and dust travel behind a comet
B Asteroids are made of rock, carbon, and metal
C Meteoroids are pieces of a comet or asteroid that break off
D If it lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite

A Things from space end up on Earth eventually.
B Comets, meteoroids, and asteroids are very similar.
C Most things in space are made up of the same materials.
D Comets, meteoroids, and asteroids are all visible from Earth.
5 Imagine you and a friend saw a shooting star. Use details from the
selection to explain exactly what you saw.

Name Volcanoes
A World Leader
Japan is a small country made of several islands, but it has the 13
third largest economy in the world. So how exactly did this small 25
island nation become a global leader? 31
When World War II ended, Japan was in trouble. Its leaders had 43
to build their country once again, but their resources were limited. 54
Japan had a hard time growing enough crops to feed the people 66
that lived there, which meant bringing food in from other countries. 77
Japan needed something it could sell around the world. They 87
needed something to export. 91
Japan started to focus on exports in the 1960s, which was a 103
turning point. Japanese car companies began to make affordable, 112
well-made cars that became popular in America. As television 121
became more common, more companies in Japan turned to 130
electronics. Microchips and software were the perfect solution for 139
a small country because computer parts did not require much 149
space to build. Over the years, computer parts, cameras, DVD 159
players, and video games brought more money into Japan. 168
As Japan’s profits grew, so did its population. There are around 179
127 million people living in Japan today, which is like a third of 192
all Americans living in a place smaller than California! To combat 203
pollution, many groups have turned to green energy like solar 213
panels. Times have changed, but Japan continues to look to the 224
next big thing. 227

1 Which detail supports the main idea of the selection?
A Japan is a small country made of several islands
B Their resources were limited
C Japan started to focus on exports in the 1960s
D Television became more common
2 Which detail supports an idea about the relationship between the size of
the country and the type of goods it exports?
A Japan had a hard time growing enough crops
B Computer parts did not require much space to build
C As Japan’s profits grew, so did its population
D Many groups have turned to green energy like solar panels

A How countries rebuilt after World War II
B How it is easier for smaller countries to export goods
C How such a small country has such a large economy
D How to fit a large population into a space smaller than California
4 How do the details in the selection support the central idea?
5 Which details support the idea that expanding the economy had a bad
effect on the environment? Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The Top 10 Ways You Can
Name Reduce Waste
Apples or Carrots?
Getting the right amount of calories is a significant part of being 12
healthy. If you think of your body as a car, calories are the gas that 27
keeps you going. Eating food that is too high in sugar or fat makes it 42
harder for your engine to work. However, you can avoid poor food 54
choices. You should eat foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals. 66
Both fruits and vegetables are low in calories and have many 77
benefits. When you think of what to choose, you should always pick 89
a vegetable salad over a fruit salad. 96
Fruits are a good source of vitamins your body needs. Oranges 107
are high in vitamin C, which helps your body fight off colds, and 120
bananas are loaded with potassium, a mineral that keeps blood 130
pressure low. But did you know that bell peppers have more vitamin 142
C than oranges? Or that potatoes pack more potassium punch than 153
bananas? 154
Another problem with fruits is that they are loaded with sugar. Our 166
bodies use sugar for fuel. But too much sugar can cause health 178
problems. Vegetables are low in sugar but still give us useful 189
vitamins and minerals. 192
Scientists agree that people should choose vegetables over fruit. 201
You should eat four servings of vegetables a day. You only need 213
three servings of fruit. 217
Some people will tell you to forget apples and oranges. Peas 228
and carrots are the real symbols of healthy eating. They are as 240
important to nutrition as notes are to a melody! 249

1 What is the author’s main argument?
A Vegetables are healthier than fruit.
B Scientists disagree about food and health.
C Both fruits and vegetables are good for you.
D Getting the right amount of sugar is important.
2 Which detail from the selection supports the author’s argument?

A Getting the right amount of calories is a significant part of being healthy.
B Fruits and vegetables are low in calories . . .
C . . . potatoes pack more potassium punch than bananas
D You should eat four servings of vegetables a day.
3 How does the information in paragraph 3 support the author’s

main argument?
A It shows that our bodies need a lot of sugar.
B It explains how too much fruit can be bad for you.
C It gives examples of vegetables that are low in sugar.
D It explains that vegetables have no sugar and are healthier.
4 What is the issue being debated in this selection?

Name Reduce Waste
A Good Night’s Rest

Everyone knows that eating right and exercising are part of a healthy 12
lifestyle. Getting enough sleep is in many ways just as important. 23
Children in school need between nine and twelve hours of sleep a 35
night, which might sound like a lot until you consider what a good 48
night’s sleep does for your body. 54
Sleep gives your brain time to rest, retain memories, and get ready 66
for the day ahead. When you don’t get enough sleep, or if the quality 80
of sleep is poor, it’s like running an engine too long. Eventually you’ll 93
need to fill it up with gas. A well-rested brain affects everything you do, 107
from playing sports to taking tests. When you are well rested, you 119
are better at recognizing symbols and patterns that can make math 130
easier. Even creative activities, such as painting, benefit from a good 141
night’s sleep. 143
Even though you aren’t aware of it, your body does a lot while you 157
sleep. It helps build up your immune system to fight colds and 169
diseases. It gives injuries time to heal. Not sleeping enough 179
contributes to problems like obesity. When you sleep, you might 189
think you are doing nothing. But sleeping actually does a lot to keep 202
you healthy. 204
Lack of sleep is not only unhealthy for you—it also can be dangerous 218
for other people. There are nearly 100,000 car crashes every year 229
due to sleepy drivers. 233
Many children groan when it’s time for bed. They think that sleeping 245
is not any fun. But it is one of the most important things you can do 261
for your body. 264

1 What is the author’s main argument in this selection?
A Sleep makes people more creative.
B The biggest benefit of sleep is dreaming.
C The more you sleep the more energy you have.
D Sleep is just as important as eating right and exercising.

A Everyone knows that eating right and exercising are part of a
healthy lifestyle.
B Children in school need between nine and twelve hours of sleep
a night . . .
C . . . it’s like running an engine too long
D It helps build up your immune system to fight colds and diseases.
3 What evidence does the author use to show that sleep helps more people
than just the one sleeping?
A A well-rested brain affects everything you do, from playing sports to
taking tests.
B Not sleeping enough contributes to problems like obesity.
C There are nearly 100,000 car crashes every year due to sleepy drivers.
D Many children groan when it’s time for bed. They think that sleeping is
not any fun.
4 Which detail from the article supports the idea that sleep benefits
your brain?
A Eventually you’ll need to fill it up with gas.
B You are better at recognizing symbols and patterns . . . Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
C When you sleep, you might think you are doing nothing.
D They think that sleeping is not any fun.
5 Which details show how sleep can help students do better in school?

Name Reduce Waste
Everyone’s Best Friend

Nearly 70 percent of the homes in the United States have a pet. Whether 13
you like fish, birds, cats, or hamsters, pets are great companions for 25
people. Dogs, however, are the perfect pet for most people. 35
Scientists are still not sure when or how dogs were tamed, but they 48
can agree that the process started centuries ago with wolves. Every 59
dog today came from a long line of wolves. Dogs were the first 72
animal to be domesticated, which means they were tamed and taught 83
how to help humans. And help humans they have. 92
Dogs have been useful for people all over the world. Bloodhounds are 104
excellent at tracking other animals for hunting. Huskies work together 114
like a big, furry engine to pull sleds in the Arctic. Recently, the police 128
and military have successfully trained German Shepherds to sniff out 138
mines, bombs, and drugs. 142
Dogs are also excellent companions for people in need. Retrievers 152
can be trained to be guide dogs to help blind people. These animals 165
are smart enough to get people to the grocery store or read traffic 178
symbols to know when it’s safe to cross a busy road. 189
Dogs are intelligent and playful companions that are good at taking 200
commands and keeping a house safe. All pets are wonderful, but dogs 212
are heads and tails above the rest. 219

1 Which sentence tells the reader the author’s main argument?
A Nearly 70 percent of the homes in the United States have a pet.
B Dogs, however, are the perfect pet for most people.
C Scientists are still not sure when or how dogs were tamed.
D Every dog today came from a long line of wolves.

A Whether you like fish, birds, cats, or hamsters, pets are great
companions for people.
B Every dog today came from a long line of wolves.
C Dogs were the first animal to be domesticated.
D Retrievers can be trained to be guide dogs to help blind people.
3 How do the details in paragraph 4 support the author’s main argument?

A They show that all types of people love dogs.
B They show how dogs naturally comfort people.
C They prove that dogs are most useful in the military.
D They give an example of how dogs can help humans.
4 Which argument does the sentence “Bloodhounds are excellent at

tracking other animals for hunting” support?
5 What reasons might the author give for why having a dog is better than
having a pet fish?

Name The Himalayas
A Great Pet
A dog is often called “man’s best friend,” and there is a good reason 14
for that. Dogs can be loyal companions for people. It is important, 26
however, to learn how to care for a dog before deciding to get one. 40
How do you care for a dog? There are many things to consider. First, 54
dogs need to be fed daily and have a well-balanced diet. Exactly how 67
much a dog eats depends on the age, breed, and size of the dog. In 82
addition, dogs need to get regular exercise to stay healthy. Exercise 93
also helps keep dogs busy. Believe it or not, dogs can get bored 106
without regular exercise. Dogs also need a place to sleep. Some 117
people use special pet crates to house their dogs at night. Owners 129
should be sure to place a blanket on the bottom of the crate. This way 144
their dogs can sleep comfortably. Dogs should also be groomed and 155
have regular visits to the vet. This keeps a dog healthy. 166
If you are thinking of getting a pet, a dog is a good choice. Before 181
deciding to get one, just remember that they need a lot of care. 194

1 Which detail explains why a dog is called “man’s best friend”?
A Dogs can be loyal companions for people.
B . . . dogs need to be fed daily and have a well-balanced diet.
C . . . dogs can get bored without regular exercise.
D . . . a dog is a good choice.
2 The details in paragraph 2 support the idea of —

A taking care of dogs
B dogs not getting bored
C dogs sleeping comfortably
D how to choose the best dog breed
3 The reminder in the final paragraph supports the idea that —

A dogs have a lot of needs
B getting a pet is an easy decision
C dogs are a good choice for everyone
D everyone should consider getting a pet
4 Write the details that would allow you to explain to someone how to care
for a dog. Use ideas from the selection.

Name The Himalayas
Uninvited Pest?
Sparrows may seem like lovely little birds. They skip about cities and 12
towns, making their homes in gutters and boxes. They seem to ignore 24
the noise of car horns and engines as they fly around the city. If you 39
see a bird at a bird feeder, it is most likely to be a sparrow. 54
While sparrows might seem harmless, they are actually an invasive 64
species. Invading species are animals that have been introduced to a 75
new region and have begun to take over. Sparrows were first brought 87
to the United States in the 1850s. Several groups of them were set 100
free in New York to breed. Over time, people in other cities brought in 114
the birds as well. The number of sparrows grew from being a small 127
population to being one of the highest. Sparrows spread throughout 137
the country and can be seen all over the United States and Canada. 150
What exactly makes these birds invaders? They tend to challenge 160
other birds for food or shelter. They can actually take over the nests of 174
other birds. They have been known to destroy other birds’ eggs. So, 186
while they don’t seem dangerous at bird feeders, sparrows are far 197
from harmless. They are an invasive species that can hurt the birds 209
that were there before them. Sparrows belong in open spaces such 220
as valleys, not in cities. 225

1 Which detail from the selection explains the idea in the title?
A . . . making their homes in gutters and boxes.
B If you see a bird at a bird feeder, it is most likely to be a sparrow.
C . . . they are actually an invasive species.
D Sparrows were first brought to the United States in the 1850s.
2 Which word or phrase from the selection explains why invasive species
are a problem?
A Introduced
B Take over
C Set free
D Throughout
3 The way sparrows interact with other birds supports the idea that —
A sparrows must be set free to breed
B sparrows challenge other birds for food
C other birds can protect their nests from sparrows
D other birds have an advantage because they are native to the area
4 The author’s description of sparrows as “far from harmless” supports the

idea that —
A sparrows look nice but are in fact harmful
B there is now a very high sparrow population
C invading species are especially harmful to birds
D sparrows have traveled great distances from New York
5 What would you say to someone who wanted to bring a new species of Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.
animal into your hometown? Use ideas from the selection.

Name The Himalayas
Short History of Soap

Chances are that you have heard that the best way to stop the 13
spread of germs is to wash your hands regularly. Use a little soap 26
and warm water and scrub each hand from the fingers to the wrist, 39
and on the hills and valleys of your knuckles. This way, you can help 53
prevent the spread of some sicknesses due to poor hygiene. 63
However, washing with soap and water did not always exist. Exactly 74
when soap was first made remains unknown, but historians do know 85
that people began to use soap long ago. The earliest versions of soap 98
were made of animal fat and ashes. The soap was probably not used 111
by people to clean themselves. Instead, people likely used soap to 122
clean wool and cloth that was to be dyed. 131
Soap has changed a lot over time. People realized that adding different 143
ingredients, such as oil or fruits, made soap smell better or last longer. 156
By the 1600s, men began using soap to help prepare their faces before 169
shaving. People also used it to shampoo their hair. Of course, there was 182
a slight problem—some soaps cost so much that most people could 194
not afford to buy them. In the 1800s, soap became cheaper, and most 207
men, women, and children could use soap to wash from top to bottom. 220
So the next time you use a bar of soap, think about the interesting 234
history of that bar. It has quite a story to tell. In fact, using soap to 250
keep clean has become as important as notes in a melody! 261

1 What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A Humans invented soap a long time ago.
B The earliest soaps were likely used on cloth.
C Historians know exactly when soap was invented.
D People have always used soap to clean themselves.
2 Which detail from the selection helps explain why some people did not
use soap to clean themselves?
A The spread of germs
B Made of animal fat and ashes
C Adding different ingredients
D Soaps cost so much
3 The information in paragraph 1 supports the idea that soap —

A kills germs
B has quite a story to tell
C has changed a lot over time
D is better when oil or fruit is added
4 Which details from the selection support the idea that “soap has changed
a lot over time”?
5 Using ideas from the selection, explain why soap made human life better.

Name Trashing Paradise
Taking to the Sky

In 1903, the Wright brothers amazed the world by flying over Kitty 12
Hawk, North Carolina, in an airplane they created. They are thought 23
to be the first two people to fly in a plane. All fingers point to their 39
success as the first in flying history. 46
The Wright brothers owned a bicycle shop in the late 1800s. They 58
liked building machines, and in the 1890s they became fascinated 68
with flight. They knew that building a flying machine would be 79
difficult and that flying might be dangerous. The Wright brothers 89
knew that they might get hurt. However, they worked hard and 100
created a few designs that could glide. 107
Next, they invented a design they thought could fly using gas. They 119
took the plane to Kitty Hawk. It was near the ocean. The area had 133
strong winds that could help the plane fly. There were also sand 145
dunes nearby to allow a gentle landing for the plane. The soft hills 158
and valleys of the sand dunes were a safe way for them to bring 172
the plane to a stop. On December 17, 1903, the brothers took to 185
the sky, showing the world that it was possible for people to fly. 198
Witness to Flight
Witness to Flight is a video that tells about the Wright brothers’ 210
first flight. It describes how the brothers became interested in 220
flight. It also describes some of their early plane designs. Then it 232
explains how the brothers made their first flight. It even includes 243
an interview with people who saw them take flight. The people 254
describe how amazing it was to see the brothers pilot the plane 266
and how dangerous the first flight was. 273

1 What caused the Wright brothers to build a flying machine?
A It was dangerous.
B They had great interest in flight.
C A customer asked them to do it.
D They wanted to patent the airplane.
2 According to the selection, the Wright brothers knew that if they flew a
plane they might —
A get hurt
B be interviewed
C amaze the world
D become interested in flight
3 The Wright brothers took their first plane near the ocean because —
A the wind was helpful
B there was more fuel there
C they needed to start on water
D they could show more people
4 What details are included in “Witness to Flight” that are not in “Taking to
the Sky”?

Solar Flare
The sun is a bright star at the center of the solar system. It is a 16
medium-sized star that provides Earth with heat and light. 25
Occasionally, the sun releases some extra magnetic energy. The 34
energy sends out particles from inside the sun. 42
These particles are called solar flares. The flares might cause some 53
trouble on Earth, such as knocking out satellite signals or even 64
damaging sensors on satellites. They even cause the northern 73
and southern lights—brilliant streamers of red and green light—to 84
appear briefly over Earth’s north and south poles. 92
The Northern Lights

According to the video The Northern Lights, you have a chance 103
to see something rare if you go to the far northern part of the 117
United States. You might catch a glimpse of shimmering lights—or 128
auroras—dancing across the night sky. These lights are called the 139
northern lights. 141
Although the northern lights occur on Earth, they are actually 151
caused by the sun. You probably know that the sun sends heat 163
and light to Earth. But it can send particles our way, too. These 176
particles might come out in a big burst from a solar flare. Then 189
the particles bump into gases in the sky near the north and south 202
poles. The reaction is the amazing auroras that people love to see. 214

1 Solar flares —
A have no effect on Earth
B cause the northern lights
C are visible to the naked eye from Earth
D only affect the sky in the Northern Hemisphere
2 Which detail from the first selection explains what causes solar flares?
A Extra magnetic energy
B Dancing across the night sky
C The sun sends heat and light to earth
D Particles might come out in a big burst
3 The details in the first selection support the idea in selection 2 that “you
might catch a glimpse of shimmering lights” because they —
A explain how the northern lights form
B describe how solar flares got their name
C describe what happens when satellites are damaged
D explain why auroras only happen in the extreme north and south
4 The auroras glow because —

A they appear so briefly
B of the particles of energy
C there are no satellite signals
D they are actually caused by the sun
5 What needs to happen in order for humans to see the northern lights?
Write out the causes and their effects. Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The Ninth Planet?

On February 18, 1930, Clyde Tombaugh solved a mystery that 10
had caused trouble for scientists of the day. At the time, scientists 22
noticed that Uranus and Neptune had unusual orbits. They thought 32
a ninth planet was hidden in the solar system. 41
Tombaugh saw a tiny object while looking at photographs of a 52
region deep in the solar system. At last, the planet was found. The 65
temperature on the surface of Pluto was thought to be –360°F. 76
The planet was named for the ruler of the underworld in Roman 88
mythology—Pluto. 90
Yet, not every scientist was convinced Pluto was a planet. Some 101
scientists thought it was too small to affect the orbit of other 113
planets. In 2006, new rules were made to define a planet. Under 125
these new rules, Pluto no longer was considered a planet. Not 136
everyone agrees with this decision, and many people hope to one 147
day reintroduce Pluto as a planet. 153
The Ninth Planet

The Ninth Planet is a video about Pluto. It describes how scientists 165
were looking for a distant planet in the 1920s and 1930s. These 177
scientists believed a ninth planet affected the orbits of Neptune and 188
Uranus. In 1930, a small planet was spotted by Clyde Tombaugh at 200
the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. According to the video, the planet 211
was actually named by an eleven-year-old girl named Venetia Burrey 221
of England. She thought that a planet so far from the sun should 234
be named for Pluto. Pluto was the god of the underworld in Roman 247
mythology. Venetia’s grandfather shared the idea with scientists at 256
the Lowell Observatory, who liked the idea too. 264

1 Which detail is in the first selection but not the second selection?
A There used to be life on Pluto.
B Pluto became too small to see.
C Scientists are not sure if Pluto exists.
D Pluto was considered a planet but is not anymore.
2 The new planet was called Pluto because it was —

A extremely cold
B very far from the sun
C hidden in the solar system
D discovered during Roman times
3 Scientists began looking for a ninth planet because —

A Uranus and Neptune had unusual orbits
B the Lowell Observatory received new data
C Clyde Tombaugh believed Pluto was not a star
D new rules changed the definition of what a planet is
4 What evidence from the selections explains how Clyde Tombaugh was
able to discover Pluto?
5 What caused Pluto to be named “Pluto”?

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COLD R E A D S

Savvas Learning Company LLC, 15 East Midland Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652

Week 2 from Mama’s Window ................................................................................. 67

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

HOW TO USE THE COLD READ TESTS

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

UNIT 1 Developing 1–4 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

On-Level 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Advanced 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Features Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.7

Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Features Items 1–2 DOK 1 RI.4.7

On-Level 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–5 DOK 2 RI.4.5

Advanced 1–5 Analyze Text Structure Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.5

On-Level 1–5 Analyze Plot and Setting Item 1 DOK 1 RI.4.3

UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Analyze Characters Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.3

On-Level 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Advanced 1–5 Analyze Characters Items 1–3 DOK 2 RL.4.3

UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Analyze Plot and Items 1, 3 DOK 1 RL.4.3

On-Level 1–5 Analyze Plot and Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Advanced 1–5 Analyze Plot and Items 1–2 DOK 1 RL.4.3

UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

On-Level 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–4 DOK 2 RI.4.1

Advanced 1–5 Explain Author’s Items 1–3 DOK 2 RI.4.1

On-Level 1–5 Compare and Contrast Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.6

Advanced 1–5 Compare and Contrast Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.6

UNIT 3 Developing 1–4 Examine Poetic Items 1–3 DOK 1 RL.4.5

On-Level 1–5 Examine Poetic Items 1–3 DOK 1 RL.4.5

Advanced 1–5 Examine Poetic Items 1–2 DOK 1 RL.4.5

UNIT 4 Developing 1–4 Analyze Characters Items 1–4 DOK 2 RL.4.3

On-Level 1–5 Explain Elements Items 1–5 DOK 2 RL.4.3

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

T10 Cold Reads

Cold Reads T11

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T12 Cold Reads

READING MISCUE NOTATIONS

Cold Reads T13

My Life as a Park Ranger

T14 Cold Reads

GRADE %ILE FALL WCPM WINTER WCPM SPRING WCPM

75 125 143 160

Copyright © 2017. Behavioral Research and Teaching. All rights reserved.

Cold Reads T15

UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5

15 Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

T16 Cold Reads

Cold Reads T17

T18 Cold Reads

Cold Reads T19

SCORE VOLUME AND EXPRESSION SYNTAX/PROSODY ACCURACY RATE

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T20 Cold Reads

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2 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads D 4 Unit 1 Week 1 Cold Reads OL

1 The author most likely wrote this selection to —

2 The reader knows there is an anecdote in paragraph 1 because it —

3 The author most likely included the details in paragraph 3 to —

A explain what it is like to study manatees

what a typical day is as a manatee researcher. The author