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Chapter 12

The document summarizes key aspects of Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom and Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. It discusses two limitations of Rutherford's model that could not explain atomic spectra, and how Bohr's model explained these through quantized electron orbits and discrete energy levels. It also provides calculations for the wavelength of the H-alpha spectral line using the Rydberg formula.

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43 views5 pages

Chapter 12

The document summarizes key aspects of Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom and Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. It discusses two limitations of Rutherford's model that could not explain atomic spectra, and how Bohr's model explained these through quantized electron orbits and discrete energy levels. It also provides calculations for the wavelength of the H-alpha spectral line using the Rydberg formula.

Uploaded by

ramcharanneeli4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 12 Atoms

1 Write two important limitations of Rutherford model which could not explain the
observed features of atomic spectra. How were these explained in Bohr’s model. of
hydrogen atom? Use the Rydberg formula to calculate the wavelength of the Hα line.
(Take R = 1.1 × 107 m-1).
Answer:
(a) Limitations of Rutherford Model :
(i) Electrons moving in a circular orbit around the nucleus would get, accelerated,
therefore it would spiral into the nucleus, as it looses its energy.
(ii) It must emit a continuous spectrum.
Explanation according to Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom :
(i) Electron in an atom can revolve in certain stable orbits without the emission of radiant
energy.
(ii) Energy is released/absorbed only, when an electron jumps from one stable orbit to
another stable orbit. This results in a discrete spectrum.
Wavelength of Hα line :
Hα line is formed when an electron jumps from nf = 3 to ni = 2 orbit. It is the Balmer
series

2. (a) Draw a schematic arrangement of Geiger- Marsden experiment showing the


scattering of a-particles by a thin foil of gold. Why is it that most of the a-particles go
right through the foil and only a small fraction gets scattered at large angles?
Draw the trajectory of the a-particle in the coulomb field of a nucleus. What is the
significance of impact parameter and what information can be obtained regarding the
size of the nucleus?
(b) Estimate the distance of closest approach to the nucleus (Z = 80) if a 7.7 MeV a-
particle before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction.
Answer:

(ii) For most of the α-particles, impact parameter is large, hence they suffer very small
repulsion due to nucleus and go right through the foil.
(iii) Trajectory of α-particles

It gives an estimate of the size of nucleus, that it relatively very very small as compared
to the size of atom.

(b) K.E. of the a-particle = Potential energy possessed by beam at distance of closest
approach.

3. (i) State Bohr’s quantization condition for defining stationary orbits. How does de-
Broglie hypothesis explain the stationary orbits?
(ii) Find the relation between the three wave-lengths λ1, λ2 and λ3 from the energy level
diagram shown below:
Answer:

4. The value of ground state energy of hydogen atom is -13.6 eV and Bohr radius is
0.53Å. Calculate(i) the energy required to move an electron from the ground state to the
second excited state.(ii) (a) the kinetic energy and(b) the orbital radius in the second
excited state of the atom.

Answer:

5. (a) Using Bohr’s second postulate of quantization of orbital angular momentum show
that the circumference of the electron in the n,h orbital state in hydrogen atom is n times
the de-Broglie wavelength associated with it.
(b) The electron in hydrogen atom is initially in the third excited state. What is the
maximum number of spectral lines which can be emitted when it finally moves to the
ground state?
Answer:
(a) According to the de-Broglie hypothesis, this electron is also associated with wave
character.
Hence a circular orbit can be taken to be a stationary energy state only if it contains an
integral number of de- Broglie wavelengths i.e. we must have
2πr = nλ

According to Bohr’s-second postulate

Hence the circumference of the electron in the nth orbital state in hydrogen atom is n
times the de-Broglie wavelength associated with it.

(b) For third excited state n = 4


For ground state n = 1
Hence, possible transitions are :

6. The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are shown below. Which of the shown
transitions will result in the emission of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? Which of these
transitions correspond to emission of radiation of
(i) maximum and
(ii) minimum wavelength ?
Answer:

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