138 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGy

Figure 1.7 shows a relationship between two tables.

Relationship on the basis
Student Table of common field rollno Marks Table

D.0.B. Rollno English Maths Science

Rollno Name Address II
1 12/10/92 1 30 40 40
Rohit M.Ngr 32
2 18/02/93 2 35 50 42
Kush A. Garg 43
3 3 30 30 35
Mehul S. Ext. 14/05/92 29
17/12/92 4 26 36 28
Neha P. Ganj 32
12/12/93 5 40 46 40
Surabhi B. Ngr 38
See, for each roll no. in student table, there exists a
record in marks table also

Figure 1.7 ARelationship between two tables.

(Check Point
P 1. Computer based record keeping system is known as
A
(a)CRKS -Computerized Record Keeping Systen
R )DBMS - Data Base Management System
T (c) DMS - Data Management System
B (d) All of these
2. Duplication of data is known as
(a) Data Redundancy (6) Data Repentance
(c) Data Inconsistency (d) None of these
3. Multiple copies of same data that mismatch, are known as
(a) Data Redundancy (b) Data Repentance
(c) Data Inconsistency (d) None of these
4. A storage container storing data pertaining to simple object, subject or purpose is known as
(4) Table (b) Query (c) Report (d) Form
5. A field that uniquely identifies records in the table is known as
(g) Primary key (b) Candidate key (c) Unique key (d) Special key
6. A statement that gives you filtered data according to your conditions and specifications, is
called
(a) Table (6) Query (c) Report (d) Form
7. An interface in user-defined layout that lets users view, enter or
change data in tables, known as
(a) Table (b) Query (c) Report (a Form
8. A formal, presentable printed document that lists daa in
formatted way is known as
(a) Table (b) Query (9Report (d) Form
9 Named collection of fields which represent acomplete unit of
information is called
(a) Field Record (c) Table (d) None of these
 Session l:
INTRODUCING DAATABASES
10. Arqw in a table is
( A record
also known as :
(b) A field
1 Which of the following holds a (c) A data type (d) A tuple
(b) Record single piece of data ?
(a) Table
12. What is the Field
correct (d) Form
(a) The first field indefinition
a
table.
of primary key ?
Kh A field that
() The field contains unique data in each
which we will use to record.
(¦) A field search with.
which contains numbers
13. What is the only.
correct
(a) The common definition of foreign key ?
field of two tables.
(h) A field that
contains
(c) The field same as unique data in each record.
(Ð Afield that stores primary key.
values coming from primary key of
14 When aprimary key contains more another table.
(a) Alternate key
than one field, it is known as
(c) Foreigrn key (b) Candidate key
15 What is used to er Composite key
uniquely identify each record in atable ?
(a) Foreign key
(b) Field
(c) Datatype
16. Which is not true for a database file ?
Primary key
(a) Each record may contain
several fields
(b) Fields are organized in columns
(c) Data types have to be declared in
a) Each field nay contain
advance
several records
17. While designing a database, we
should keep in mind
(a) Purpose of database
(c) Field needed (6) Tables required
bayAll of them
18. What are the main building
blocks of a database ?
(a) Lists
( Tables
Queries
GYReports
19. Which of the following describes a
relational database ?
(a) t provides a relationship
between integers.
y)lt consists of separate tables of
(C) It retrieves data
related data.
related to its queries.
(a) It can print
reports.
Data should be organized into tables based on:
(4) Field properties
y) Subjects associated with
() Character lengths the real-data
(d) All of
these
UNIT III: DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGrX
140
query ?
21. Which of the following best describes a easily.
people to enter or view data in your database
(2) A query enables
prints data.
(0) A query summarizes and database based on a criteria.
from a
(9) A query filters data
(d) All of these
describes a form ?
22. Which of the following best database easily.
form enables people to enter or view data in a
(9) A
(b) A form summarizes and prints data.
database based on a criteria.
(c) A form filters data from a
(d) All of these
23. Which of the following best describes a report ?
view data in a database easily.
(a) A report enables people to enter or
(b A report summarizes and prints data.
database based on a criteria.
(c) A report filters data from a
(d) All of these
24. A database table should always contain
(a) images (b) lotsof records
(c) lots of ready made queries \ a key field
P
A 25. Datᥠin adatabase is stored in a
Ka) table (b) query (c) report (d) search
26. A collection of data which is stored in a logical structure is known as a
(a) field (b) database (c) record a) table
27. One piece of data about a single person or thing is known as a
(a) record (b) file Yield (d) database
28. All of the information about one person or one thing is known as a
(a) database (b) field (c) file record

29. A collection of records on a particular topic is stored as a

-(g) table (b) record (c) folder (d) field
30. To find a particular record or set of records in a database you would use a
(a) query (b) report (c) table ) relationsip
31. To organize the different tables of related data, a relational
Aod is used.
32. To display data in a specific format or distribute a summary of data, are created.
33. To get data input from user in a well-organized, formatted way on screen, O are used.
34. In the database view of a relational database, a row of information is called à V
35. To control how information is entered into adatabase, programmers and
create re to help ensure data database admiusue
integrity.
36. In a relational database, a common field that links two tables in a relationship but not a
called a otus primary y
fey.
37. The database use common fields to create links between tables. Thus such
databases are ca
0icdatabases.
 Session I: INTRODUCING DATABASES
141
38. Primary key is used to
39. J s i a identify the
record in atable.
collection
of related
linked to the information.
A0. A Foreign key is
A1. ADatabase can primary key of
have only one table. TIF k the same table.
42. If a piece of data
and changing the
data(field-value)
is stored in
in one place two places in the database, then storage space is wasted
will not cause
A3. A field can store data
In a
group of values. T(E) inconsistency.
/F
relational database, twWO tables
A5 A foreign key is cannot have a common field..
the primary key of
Ak Forms are used for searching data inanother table. TyF
table. T)
Competency Based Questions
A7 Akshat
wants to store a huge
table ørganization would be amount of infornmation about his firm in a database. Which
Relational most suitable for
this purpose type of
(c) Either Relational or Flat file (b) Flat File
(d) Hierarchical
AR Iuan has
stored the data related to his [CBSE
related to an important thing work in multiple files. He didSample Paper Term I, 2021-22]
This type of storing data at was stored in three different files
not realise that same
data
(a) Inconsistency multiple locations known as data
is separately.
(c) Standardisation
49. Tuan has stored the
eRedundancy
(d) None of these
data related to his wwork in
related to an important thing was
stored
multiple files. He did not realise that
This led to ahuge in three different files separately. same data
update other files. problem
for Juarn when he modified the
data in one file while
This problem is known as data forgetting to
Inconsistency
(c) Standardisation (b) Redundancy
(d) None of these
10 support and help Juan, his
Odatabase in such a brother's friend
case. So he advised himPrabhnoor has come. He
Tecognise each row of the table to create tables such thatexplained the need and role
there should be a
way to
4) He wants to uniquely. What does Prabhnoor mean by this
way ?
(b) He wants to create foreign key in each table.
a
(0) He club fields in a
unique way.
wants to create a field having a value in it.
5. Whilee wants to create a primary key in specialeach table.
designing
only those the database, Prabhnoor suggested that if in atable there is a field which must take
values which
uniquely), are part of a field in
(à) prinary then that field must be declared as anotherkey.table, (where it can recognise the records
) composite primary
(b) alternate
(7foreign

Kalai
 based record keeping system.
system is basically a computer
databaserefers
ADatabase to the collection of interrelated data and Database Management Systems (DBMS) is a computer
effectively and efficiently.
program that manages a database
known as data redundancy.
O Duplication of data is
features like tables, forms, queries and reports to manage data.
OBASE offers many
astorage container storing data pertaining to single object, subject or purpose.
Atable refers to
uniquely identifes the records in a table.
O Aprimary key is afield that
statement that gives you filtered data according to your conditions and specifications.
O Aquery is a
tohle
Aform is an interface in user specified layout that lets users view, enter, or change data directly in the
O eks
format. It is a formal presentable document about
O Areport is an effective way to present date in a printed

Jolution Time
P
1. What is database ? What is its significance ?
Ans.A database is a collection of logically related data.
The database systems store data centrally at one place wherefrom all applications can get the dath
A

required. The centralised storage facilitates many advantages like :

R
T
() Controlled Redundancy
B (ü) Data Sharing
(üi) Data Consistency
(iv) Starndardization
(o) Enhanced Data Security.
2. Writea short note on OOo BASE functioning.
Ans. BASE is a databasemanagement system part of OpenOffice.org. It offers many features o
manage databases. With BASE, one can manage all information stored in a .odb file.
Within the file,
one can divide one's data into separate storage containers called Tables.
" one can view, add and update table data using Forms
one can find and retrieve just the data, which is required using Queries
one can analyze or print data in a specific layout using Reports.
3. What do you understand by tables in adatabase management system ?
maintainthe
management system, various types of objects together manage and
Ans. In a database m
system. Tables are one of them.
For
Atable is a storage container that stores data pertaining to single object, subject or Purpose.
employem.
example, an employee table may contain all information pertaining to an employee eg, Contain per- data
employee name,
taining to the
designation, department, grade, basic etc. Similarly, Attendance table may worked, number
attendance of employees e.g., employees' no., months, years, no. of days Leaves)
leaves takens, CL, LWP, PL etc. (CL -Casual Leaves, LWP -Leaves Without Pay,: PL- Privilege
 INTRODUCING DATABASES 143
Session 1;

Both these tables reside in single database as both of them are related to single object called
employee. Twotables are maintained to minimize redundancy.
Therefore, tables provide a way to store related data together under one roof, taking care of things
like reduced redundancy, standardization and data integrity.
4. Whatis the difterence betveen aflat database and relational database ?
Ans. In a flat database, all the data is stored in a single file e.g., a spreadsheet.
abional database, data is stored in multiple tables linked via common fields e.g.,
BASE of
OpenOffice.org is a relational database.
5. The managerofacarsioowroon1 uses adatabase to store data about cars he sells. This is part of the database.

Make Model Size of engine Registration Price (Rs.)

Opel Vectra 1.8 VSE 648 9,00,000
Opel Zafira 2.0 BFK 297 9, 29,000
Volkswagen Golf 1.4 SB A5526
14,15,000
Volkswagen Polo 1.2 DD B4978
23,11,000
Volkswagen Jetta 1.6 B G8347 11,19,000
Renault Megane 1.4 1233 CD 33 18,17,000
Renault Clio 1.2 6289 XF 54 9,11,000

(a) How many records are there in this part of the database ?
(b) How many fields are there in this part of the database ?
Ans. (a) 7 (seven) (b) 5 (five)

6. Consider the following database.

Lastnanme Firstname Payroll

Department Number Salary (Rs.) Job Title

Shafia Ahmed Finance A621 19,500 Payroll Clerk

Malhotra Fiza Finance M502 35,000 Accountant
Sen Tia Human Resources M421 18,500 Secretary
Walker James Sales W815 24,000 Sales Rep
Bedi Raunaq Singh Factory H219 39,000 Factory Manager
Mahadevan Shruthi Purchasing M134 20,000 Purchasing Clerk

(a) The Job Title of the employee with Payroll Number M421 is ?
(0) Which Department has maximum employees and what are their Payroll Numbers ?
Ans.
(a) Secretary.
(6) Finance department their Payroll Numbers are: A621, M502.

UNIT II: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 144 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYY
records. This is a part of the database.
1. AJazz Band uses adatabase to keev 11embership
MemberNumber Instrumnent
Name

Hassini 2015 Guitar

Milan 0365 Saxophone

Palash 0112 Clarinet

Afzal 8231 Piano

0112 Clarinet
Jugal
(a) The MemberNumber 0112 is used twice. Explain why this must be a mistake.
(b) Write down a valid MemberNumber for Jugal.
(c) Name field also has unique values for all the records. Can it be made primary kers
Why/why not?
Ans.
(a) MemberNumber uniquely identifies the members. It is most likely to be the primaru key nu
keyfield. Hence, one value cannot be used more than once in this column. Hence use of 011
twice is wrong as it is the primary key field.
(b) 0113 (or any other number which is different from earlier entered member numbers.)
() Though Name is having unique values as of now, there is no guarantee that the band
grows there would not be multiple people with similar names. Hence, as of now it can he
made primary key but should not be made as in future its values may be duplicate.
8. Which of the following is not an example of database ?
B (a) Cross n Know Game (b) Employee Payroll Management
(c) Numeric Calculator (d) Customer Management System
Ans. Numeric Calculator.
9. What is Primary Key ? (CBSE 2020)
Ans. A Primary Key is a field that uniquely identifies the records in a table.
10. Sanchita is working for a nationalized bank and is in the process of creation a table to store the
details of
Customers of the bank. Find out, which of the following Fields of table Bank can be selected as Primary Key,
Candidate Key and Alternate Key.
AccountNo CustomerName Dateofbirth PANNumber OpeningBalance

Ans. Primary Key : AccountNo

Candidate Key : AccountNo and PANNumber
Alternate Key : PANumber
11. What is a key difference betweenaforeign key and a
primary key ?
Ans. A foreign key is a field or fields that refer toa primary key of
is a field in a table that uniquely another table while primary
identifies each record in a table.
 INTRODUCING DATABASE 145
Cossion 1:

GLOSSARY
Composite Primary key Aprimary key having a combination of more than one field.
Collection of interrelated data.
Data Base
Management System DBMS.
Data Base
DBMS A computer program that manages a database effectively.
of data
DataRedundancy Duplication
ataInconsistency Multiple mismatching copies of same data.
n Key Anon-keyfield of a table that refers to the primary key of another table.
An interface in user-specified layout that allows users to view, enter or change data directly in table.
wwdry key Afield that uniquely identifies records in atable.
Query Astatement that
gives filtered data according to specified
conditions.
Relational Database IManagement System RDBMs
DRset Aformal, presentable printed document that lists data in a formatted manner.
Lk Astorage container storing data pertaining to a single
object, subject or purpose.

Assignment
1. What is Database ?

2. What do you understand by Data Inconsistency ?

3. What is meant by Data Redundancy ?
4. Write the key features of a DBMS ?
5. Write the basic features of OOo BASE ?
6. How do you interpret Field' in context of a DBMS ?
7. What is a Primary key ? What is an alternate key ?
8. What is the need of setting relationships between tables ?
9. What is a DBMS ? What importance does it have for an
enterprise ?
10. What are advantages of DBMS over normal file
system ?
11. What are
jorms, queries and reports in BASE ?
t What are the different steps involved in Designing a Database' ?
13. Nanme some popular DBMSS.
3 How is a relational database different from a flat
15. database ?
Name different types of keys in a table.
16. What is a foreign key ?
17. What is a composite primary key ?
18. H
How is a toreign key different from a primary key ?

UNIT II:DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM