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Sample in Variance and Standard Deviation

Variance and standard deviation are important statistical measurements. Variance measures how far data points are from the mean, and is represented in squared units. Standard deviation describes the spread of data from the mean and is represented in the same units as the mean. The formulas for calculating variance and standard deviation use the sum of squared deviations from the mean over the sample size or population.

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80 views

Sample in Variance and Standard Deviation

Variance and standard deviation are important statistical measurements. Variance measures how far data points are from the mean, and is represented in squared units. Standard deviation describes the spread of data from the mean and is represented in the same units as the mean. The formulas for calculating variance and standard deviation use the sum of squared deviations from the mean over the sample size or population.

Uploaded by

kristiagia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Variance and Standard Deviation are the two important measurements in

statistics.

Variance
● It is a measure of how data points vary from the mean.
● Mean is the average of the given numbers and is calculated by dividing the sum
of given numbers by the total number of numbers.
● It is represented in squared units.
● The variance is a measure of how far a set of data is dispersed out from their
mean or average value.
● It is denoted as ‘σ2’.

Properties of Variance
● It is always non-negative since each term in the variance sum is squared and
therefore the result is either positive or zero.
● Variance always has squared units.
● For example, the variance of a set of weights estimated in kilograms will be given
in kg squared. Since the population variance is squared, we cannot compare it
directly with the mean or the data themselves.

Standard deviation
● It is the measure of the distribution of statistical data.
● It is represented in the same units as the mean of data.
● The spread of statistical data is measured by the standard deviation.
Distribution measures the deviation of data from its mean or average position.
The degree of dispersion is computed by the method of estimating the deviation
of data points. It is denoted by the symbol, ‘σ’.

Properties of Standard Deviation


● It describes the square root of the mean of the squares of all values in a data set
and is also called the root-mean-square deviation.
● The smallest value of the standard deviation is 0 since it cannot be negative.
● When the data values of a group are similar, then the standard deviation will be
very low or close to zero. But when the data values vary with each other, then the
standard variation is high or far from zero.

● A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about.
● A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The size of the
sample is always less than the total size of the population.
Variance and Standard Deviation Formulas

Variance Formula

● Population Variance formula:

σ2 = Population variance

N = Number of observations in population

Xi = ith observation in the population

μ = Population mean

● Sample Variance formula:

s2 = Sample variance

n = Number of observations in sample

xi = ith observation in the sample

x̅= Sample mean


Standard Deviation formula

Population Standard Deviation formula:

σ = Population standard deviation

Sample Standard Deviation formula:

s = Sample standard deviation

Note:
● Variance is equal to the average squared deviations from the mean, while
standard deviation is the number’s square root. Also, the standard deviation is
a square root of variance.

Example
Question: If a die is rolled, then find the variance and standard deviation of the
possibilities.

Solution: When a die is rolled, the possible outcome will be 6. So the sample space, n =
6 and the data set = { 1;2;3;4;5;6}.

To find the variance, first, we need to calculate the mean of the data set.

Mean, x̅ = (1+2+3+4+5+6)/6 = 3.5

We can put the value of data and mean in the formula to get;

σ2 = Σ (xi – x̅)2/n

σ2 = ⅙ (6.25+2.25+0.25+0.25+2.25+6.25)

σ2 = 2.917

Now, the standard deviation,

σ = √2.917 = 1.708

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