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19 Module 3.1 Lesson 2 Conditional Statements

The document discusses conditional statements, which are statements in the form of "if p, then q" that have two parts: a hypothesis (p) and a conclusion (q). It provides examples of conditional statements and explains how to write a simple statement in if-then form. Additionally, it describes related conditional statements like the converse, inverse, and contrapositive and how they are formed by transforming the original statement.

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99 views25 pages

19 Module 3.1 Lesson 2 Conditional Statements

The document discusses conditional statements, which are statements in the form of "if p, then q" that have two parts: a hypothesis (p) and a conclusion (q). It provides examples of conditional statements and explains how to write a simple statement in if-then form. Additionally, it describes related conditional statements like the converse, inverse, and contrapositive and how they are formed by transforming the original statement.

Uploaded by

ssam.denisee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conditional Statements

Learning Targets
I can …

• Determine the relationship between the hypothesis


and the conclusion of an if-then statement;
• Transform a statement into an equivalent if-then
statement; and
• illustrate the equivalence of the statement and its
contrapositive, the converse, and the inverse of a
statement.
01
Observe
02
Discussion
Conditional Statement
It is a statement that is in the form of if-then. A
conditional statement is also called as if-then
statement and it has two parts: Hypothesis,
denoted by p, and Conclusion, denoted by q.

If it is 9:30 AM, then it must be daytime.


Hypothesis Conclusion
Tentative explanation to a
scientific question that Result of the hypothesis
can be tested.
Conditional Statement

In symbols, the statement “If p, then q” is


written in the form

𝑝→𝑞
Conditional Statement
1. If it is cheese, then it contains calcium.

2. If a polygon has three sides, then it is a


triangle.
Conditional Statement

A conditional statement can also be expressed


using the following forms:
Conditional Statement
A simple statement can be written in if-then
form and to do that, we need to identify the
hypothesis and the conclusion of the statement
and write the hypothesis after “if” and the
conclusion after “then”.

Glass objects are fragile.

If it is a glass object, then it is fragile.


Conditional Statement
A triangle has 3 sides.

If it is a triangle, then it has 3 sides.

Two angles whose sum measure is 180° are


defined to be supplementary angles.

If the sum of two angles is 180 °, then they are


defined to be supplementary angles.
Counterexample
It is an example that makes the statement false.

Example

If it is a polygon, then it has 3 sides.

Counterexample: Pentagon, Hexagon,


Heptagon, etc.
Counterexample
If it is a bird, then it can fly.

Counterexample: Penguin

If is an obtuse angle, then it measures 91°.

Counterexample: An obtuse angle measures


between 90° and 180°.
Related Conditional Statements

A conditional statement with the form “If p, then


q” can be transformed into other statements
that are related to it and these are converse,
inverse, and contrapositive statement.
Converse
The converse of a conditional statement is
formed by interchanging the hypothesis and the
conclusion in the conditional statement. A
converse statement can be represented
symbolically by

𝑞 → 𝑝
This is read as “If q, then p”.
Sentence:
All humans are beautiful.

If-then statement:
If they are humans, then they are beautiful.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse statement:
If they are beautiful, then they are humans.
Sentence:
Triangle is a 3-sided polygon.

If-then statement:
If it is a triangle, then it is a 3-sided polygon.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse statement:
If it is a 3-sided polygon, then it is a triangle.
Biconditional Statement

If a conditional statement and its converse are


both true, then a biconditional statement can be
formed. The parts of a biconditional statement
are connected by the phrase “if and only if”.

“p if and only if q”
Conditional Statement Converse Statement
If p, then q If q, then p
If an angle measures 90 If an angle is a right angle,
degrees, then it is a right then it measures 90 degrees.
angle.
True True

Biconditional Statement (p if and only if q)

An angle measures 90 degrees if and only if it is a right angle.


Inverse
The inverse of an if-then statement is formed by
negating both the hypothesis and the
conclusion. An inverse statement can be
represented symbolically by

∼p → ∼q

This is read as “If not p, then not q”.


Sentence: Triangle is a 3-sided polygon.

If-then Statement:
If it is a triangle, then it is a 3-sided polygon.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse:
If it is a 3-sided polygon, then it is a triangle.
Inverse:
If it is not a triangle, then it is not a 3-sided polygon.
Sentence: Vertical angles are congruent.

If-then Statement:
If two angles are vertical angles, then they are congruent.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse:
If two angles are congruent, then they are vertical angles.
Inverse:
If two angles are not vertical angles, then they are not
congruent.
Contrapositive
The contrapositive is formed by interchanging
the hypothesis and conclusion of the inverse. A
contrapositive statement can be represented
symbolically by

∼q → ∼p

This is read as “If not q, then not p”


Sentence: Square has four angles.

If-then Statement:
If the figure is a square, then it has four angles.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse:
If the figure has four angles, then it is a square.
Inverse:
If the figure is not a square, then it doesn’t have four
angles.
Contrapositive:
If the figure doesn’t have four angles, then it is not a
square.
Sentence: A Pentagon is a 5-sided polygon.

If-then Statement:
If it is a Pentagon, then it is a 5-sided polygon.
Hypothesis Conclusion
Converse:
If it is a 5-sided polygon, then it is a Pentagon.
Inverse:
If it is not a Pentagon, then it is not a 5-sided polygon.
Contrapositive:
If it is not a 5-sided polygon, then it is not a Pentagon.

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