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r19 2-1 Rvsp-Unit 2

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82 views63 pages

r19 2-1 Rvsp-Unit 2

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oT =) Unive B. Operation on single random Yarvaste : 8 \ Antioduclon ” the vandemm yariatle was Tntendeerd th chapler-2 as & means ca \/ poviding @ ayptemetie delinatien af event delind 04 a sample, 1] spice peuyicatly Te bum & chevetersticn a tome teal phypea) matamadica] medel bor describing voord random pheeomenen, Matkainatical expectation t= or mean value of a dentity comme -anerag® volue itd denoted fp furcitcn is pneu ar — taarkamedteal expechation and \ i by ef) GD 69K fon % | pmanamatical expectation random variables) Expected vale \ gx @9 mean value “tb woe ted by” Fepected value ofr random varTable dene Ee) oo ¥ GOH ah x ta a continuous tandem variable wits dentity ected value of Re Fandom variable it function Fels) thin Re tf (Oe provided ar kt Rens Lote “ie abpolatley Convergent els) = Ep) | fea a 20 ah! tw diacieke random voriable wis wargned values Hitaye ty having probabilities Pts, pO) ~ > POW), aeapecively. thr the aensary Tan fxts) = 2 PGi=ty deen) the cupected value qe a discrete random variable 1 defied a 4 ei) ZA) oy = Tas hytto “py using tapeceed value oh “random vartable x" we will find ut the centerd Value eh density function! Let ws tonséder a ostgaed auen Mt random Variable yt hosing equal pobusithes je p= PGs =~ = RW) x eh] = PAY E AS He) Feo 7 TOPCO) Lott po tenet bm We 1 Geryt --4 ta) w Hence me probabtivien ty atl anigned saluen ale equal iy yy Arerage mean he expected value equal to” Ariimetic_m Expected value q a function vf a random variable Let us consider a random variable "x" and gots a funtion of Yandom variable "x! Ty "x" tontinuug tondor variable ttn IKE CHP riled value Qe fanction ef Yendom vartable is T= Ef) = Eastern ry fel uae dherete Yatdom roviable Mtn the pected value gy & function is degind a4 i & Feely = Lye hoo =F 900 560 ae i “Theorem en enpseteriony Let ud concider random variable "x" with deniity-funciion fo © ECtonstant) = constant ie ERD =e Pw prom ake dekination of expechalion eis fw 4.60 eid= Ze 4) z Fy i), Ko) Eley = Kew Fram tke detination eh expectation £6) & x $60) eey= Fax $00) “ F KE EGG) qi B KEG) € fax) = -a eh) te Peck avon te debination ee eupectbtTon efge a 400) Ela) = & Gr) £00 = Fay tO + z & $y(ti, = ez WH +b E tea (wy) Additional Be cee oes Rete cece Let as conte tap random variables XY" Mok te Joint deny fun ciien fay GY) Aken expectation of Elity) = e6) + 6fy) Pek nay us cansidey two «tondem varia “X od 4 "ules foink —functron fy Qa) Fen im debination g Gpeciaiven Ef) = 2 if.) = Bo haw ve EG) = ZF (4 wi) bey hoa) » S ZE utara? Z 4 bPiWy mi Jet ie Know Wat IKE mayginal density functions of Koy’ me ja0 2 Afra) 20> f= Z tyr) +O i pce eb) = Fa Eton Zar Z ty te Ss ot Fou gOa4 F wy oo Ugevem te epee FatTan § ©) Matti picatvon yandeny yarrables Ke TG pore Independent E(w) = epdefy) Fem Ike pet anitnatien of expectation » Eas htt ef) = = Fa On ze KG ty lO, WY EQys & * fables the ah GY? ace Independent random variables 16% fey bind) = AOD HD EGY) = = Ba 2 ata 2 Zw) « z Wye HE YG FeO fy BD » z z EG) = ehd- ey) 3 X20, ti £6) %0 ©) Waiver Post om tke dudrnatfon ak txpectalien) ef) = Ev 4x06) oo hive, aa per plobleen, X10, am ike peepertyy oh fx. 4:63) 20 Hi F460) Yo. » ZMK AU) Zo fa Efr) Bo. Theorem a Preece Th X2Y. tm Eby Seay me Pets bik ney > yy XY Do. Taking xpectation on, belts shdeh EGY) 20 EG) FG) 20 FW 266) Moments oa random vaitable x nh moments oh a random rarraue can be divided te Tato ton pa BD moment's about origi Comers about mean Gy Central momenta Minor ph (Pon or phd Moments about ot fay are demoted by MnO He tand 4 Atberd cx Mo= Hee Ef) ay Se is aw Continustin random rari able: te Mho= E(x") fe pea ay "eit a Migcrete random variate. ie a My= yh = EG) = Zi fen gir ay tty m= EDX" = £0) feo tke sk moment abut evigin iA tke mean value AF & random vovvabte "** Gis Th wee, fin Mee EOV® EH re tre © pOOw cowemend about ovigin fr ome area Under MRE Bh nza. Wem omy = EG?) tee tecond moment abut origin 8 WE mean squerd value of Yandom —vaviable “x” ond ein 4 aldo equal to the dota) «average Por Moments dbout mead oF Central momenta? ay ah central menncnt the nS women’ about mean G2 c tance uy ct ve oe att oes ee @-9) to= HED) poe €@-¥79 line Ty ave mean 4 Yandom Faviabe x 7p xis He= €(% 8)" f 9" 404 Ty ‘x’ iy divectes Yandem yartabe, 5 Hn= €G3)". é GH)" fy bos cau oT net aes fee EGA J. EMst fe he eotur canter mement about Mae 5 lee areq under tke POF, can) aE met, iy Wie 66-82 ef) - je te Host centerd moment bout meag is equal fr the Beto, Th ns, te he EBT = GY \e Uke fecond moment about mean is Ue vortente ef ronden rawsabie ‘et Marien ce dy Yandom variable "x" :- the yariente tf Yendom vartatle "x" i denoted by” vartsy om Ger. and i detined ay decend Central .mement ie yore) 2 Gr {o-9] ah "CH continuous rundem variable 16tm othe VON Ente ry Ky varoy= %= EW") = [os gaes Ty x ie laced» tandom yan nee een 0) gem aae vara © remy vortsy= E(G-8") = 2 Oh @ 7: prim ike dekinahin a vaeience Ike variente dlp ly fo mmearure Ihe dupertton(variente) about vers EW") 0 gta vardoy = g (ex-o)) ser to the MEO Halue Ufo tke T] the awtgned values are Pew ss varence f = E(CoW) at a rag value {Rin te Shenae Th awe antgned values cee aun to fe mead e CEOs) “vaviote 7 = Cyan) Yavivate i large” ce B Vos (oy =e” Var HH dimensitonless (oo UnTts) quan Fecuse bE TEND : eee eee eee Jor raising Ime dayiavton Re SII define aq “akaedard devition i) BRevem 3 a eG Y" ove Tadependent tandem variable ke Stundard deation iz densted by Ney and is defind as Wh Var Guay = Vor 0) 4 vary) aud square reel a Yavience Var hy) = Var try — vor(yy From tre defination of rartence voit) = ef) m6) e eyog Here. Th ig having Ure Uniti dee Uae of Yandom variable unin -o Theorems on Yarience = Ef} and «0 Yor 641) = elfgeayy — een) Ff) ~ (e604 cou) © Gey - xa varts) = €6%4-E@)” @ vere co-F" prime uke deltnation op ike Yastence vars ele") = BO r@Eax5) 2 EMD + ep RF 2 Ee) + eta afe ee)” eG) -(En)” @ ad EG@2sq-q)" ©] G9 20-2)-) = EONS 4 eG 2 eG e(-7) = Yor (4) + ¥arG) +2 (-3)-E GY) 8 vartye Yor ga fee —as) n= e) = vary + Very + 9 6-OF 4) - Waren) vant aw freenge eco ee | ee Var Gay = var (sd 4) = yer Gog vere) = Yer y+ CY Yar = vars + Vart) War Gy) = Yor Gs) 4 vor ey Wo Biyeemy Yay Gxt) 2 ovary) Perks — From ein defination of Vorience vary) = £(6-57) = E(@rtb) - e@asy)” > & (GW (ecemyy” E @1ap-oe a ~ = g @iearcy” = o [& Geox’ — seme] = oot rea 26 cn) ot (ecy -eryy) aero | © rem 5 vor erstant] =o (oy Yar(ty 6 ee pmind tert Yor @4) =o vor by It are Yor Gat) = ot vorly Vor 18) = 6 She and coetfiuient a seen Shen is distibang the aay me by ot ER denestyy function, Tre suo -y defined es i vd Central moment abet de mean, [ys = 2-0) a knee eltictent oh 162 the mensuye ott mebny ig knew a4 coe 4 skuoney oF Skusness as= HR 2 EG! ee @ Hae C= ctandord deviation) We seem nes ty dren Hon leas quatthy- the coefpteent dy Skesariens FS evtRer pote or negative tex funeHon, is aurgenctry felt) Noe < Se Th ods paitive, hth vege Ade anymetny te Lette Hele Th oly ta negatives ata wee Junction ty fs) ge tt a Curtugs ov Kurtosis hy meas othe degree ob praenen (eraximun) called tertienk gf Curbocsiy and TES denoted by hy 46) age oe dye tse Be : # os At et ye ECE : wt Zl eee Neve Hy catted air YS central moment > standard deviation Moment generatingy function = ie moment qenetating functron eb tandem Yavfethe vo death ty mt) ad degind os mycer= € 0%) fentinuous vender variate, 6% yh 2 Mat) = EGE) = ¢ at $09 de se ‘x! fh Userete vandom variable, WG MO= ees Letty. Eb peo O— (paw Ca)8=O% wre hpew Xe Woypunf Oupviawl jurwous 21 od ae Cohn GN Gore: bvyosurb opuriopy, 0 Apes x AT gw (ueoj}? wt Gor a8) = phan =e qunana ier nneyer Cospved (qe) 4 = Cony 2)? * (92 7 geen 5h (23 aM 14, donsund Bayymainl gem 78 09 Ba poo 85) narno ah weqpiny bunwowk “Caaf ye OP ge onppun) ogo june @ PW ee ema GeopuOL Lon (2) 2 = OPH G33 = 09" Caanung Bugedourf, qusaa 4 UnHresh rar wed Ayu = aye pe caggunp Buyooer awemow in Aw a aineyos oped 2 tine o aye acd y are Independent tandem orien wi meay = FeO) @ More (0 = £(e% at) hare apex und yee dependent Fandorn variables cite EGy) = EO)-KY) Meay(t) = oe(etelY) = et. (et) Hesseeeeseucsclaecib HiayO = 0 4/0] moment generating gunction oh yundam variable Y ay te smament generating uncon oh ‘saydem ie me) te variasle Y's My@, Kt y= HH TE wh) pois the moment generating function Ms eft) Myles EGY) = eft “)] = (tie ) = ett (aay) Hance proved the fatlowing sepa ghved the procedure for Mame igi moment moments about origi ben generating functon he brow RE ay t= Ee MQ -€ fi gece seco is Eins te ee , oy 5 ele ef) + c(i) oe 4 BR nn 7e a “eh on. bere ede t aileccentlake . wit resnect te 4 MAT egy 36 al Eon) f = DH EO) 4 BE EOI” te a FC) lie = EG) 404 & FO) = 2 fini) le To th wa fie movement about 01°99 Agim ajrenmwote. bs rapt BA" #9 bh NA om x Ege) 3 AB CODY shea = Flos] ee = EO? cherecter He Fun chars @ dre cheeeterae function ek & Fandom variate ft deta by Geb). and oy dedind os dels = 2 (8), ah ¥ i continusse randam variable dere eC) = f J feuds co tL’ i dyerete random vaslable. IKe Hoye ee ze tios 2 OME Properticn q chevecterse fun cHoy t 0 | pe] 4 paki From ike difinoky a thereclerte 4eneheg x) =e") ily = fH Lende S oe fay : | J Boy “| ie < [ |e a (+ bo tan) [+_J free +) HO) « F rsscofn HG) e £ fytode (ral ® >! neh ysimanien of cheveclostc Peace Abe (0) Pom Um 2 { J for de G0) = fe flay i+fio +) bd f 14,09 de ae hey and ba) ave tomplen congue functor! ie A oy-= oe Oo) Frm eee debigatten, of eheret trate sunction GO)e (A) 0 40) = 5) pO bed = ECE fn 0 dy€ay =F wey Od = ee Fm @ tO Prrkte Gy () = EW) (yay conttaeaus duncog v9 ERLE &) Beco) = dx okt pam ae ehenctnstce furebiog acy = £O) tye) = (OD ee (Je) baG = 464) © daashd = HED gon ue Ghuecled be function (ry Gepaut = € (e949) 7 (mts) - eee) = pe e gmt Gp) = GD = J) © aye andy” ace trdvidual sondory vovtableh wh 6 Say O) = G0) HY) pam te Jebenohion eh thevectestic Function debs) = (8) - Alu = 6 OY Syl = eC SEY) =e (ae) = efit J] = ele) LEY independent jo tL XY" ase BG) = randsm varTaBle. thi FOO. EM) dgnft) = 60) ECO) =, AO Steps for obtaining ice enements Byer rom cherecleng tte functions: Flom the dekinabion dig) = 6 (0™*) G6) =e (" $5, Guy uy ay aie chevectera tre Panetten 4 Oe t = GN 2) + Gu” fe + nee + OY" EG) 3O : mi Gilteenttare qj@ werete WY om bain nde we get (Ge) = oF Leergy S08 epgy. --- + Sr meen, 0 i £ ie ee LOO)? dsJE(w) 4 04--e U6 taprenton gos he 86 mement abour ee HIG A mean vaue oy ¥ Again aijtentlate wrt “i to 4, we gee Tae) 2. 04 95 te a = Sfostd],., = TOD eoey 4 IO song SOY EE copy Loe ee + 45069 go oor MeO a oF O aH), = sree) @ ae oer, ww E&Y) Tide etpreaton gle 16e nd grament abeut 5 gin. OD mean Aquared value Yt ve manent aud sgn oe OH ghtO srl = EG) = Lleol Fre Thame chnectenatic functten 4 kama ty UG dlupsbuten gunctn ran be Bnd = by uding thereto e function eta fing tee dency mph therectemstic fanciin ib Enown uty 4 ancien by Wing chrecterte function fe Gey = EOP = [pw om du fyttle Le fam é G0 ge a dy Te ake chereclevtite funciien and densily functions ave fourier transi patct et Fro) 49 0) ety Trana barmation renun) geny nec vari able te te change one Yendem ya Transformation means new random Tori able CY fe Y= T09. tice Mane diuqraty of ORB Hansen alien 1s Fog} Ay, bey Gs only antgaed valucn are Chonged but et prsbotirties) Tn geneval X=is conbinyous 1 datiete, and tied, Od Tt Uinead, mon -Hneaw, legmented Siete Cue 4 Bur we nid consider only fatlewing Hee cased 4) Sy2eantimaua pT! continuous Gi KE Discrete gy OP’ Continueets > “Ke Continuows y, T continues to uyetieesy ah Aranabermation Can be divi ded nko tuo Hyper ey ove —> ston monotonic traackermation Monotonte ranspermation <> monstunte transhomalten 2 unutorie vans ierapaien, mean one Ore trans bevmattion od & jo tyr URRY ee M+ wonotontcally Tocteasing franshorm aon Vee hattansl na demattot ation divided inte 4 ono toni cally dereating trans ay 21m) a7 for mation ically. thereastag ‘a transformation \% futd fo be moneinni cally, teveauing qn teeta, ond foun Ty figure 0) ye <9 From Kgute dee TD aT) rv tee debinatien ok Arans peematinn «PH =H) = plX=49) yy NGEI = HheeNy » * Ye fAucn ay ( feoa uring dtheren Kavier) on bau wae. by wing: Moanin mle ty Qo> 449. | nF fe ath. volar oh” Fy) = mone toni (alt decreast A trans fermahion he paid te be monotenicalty - decrearsng- TQ) > Tio) #7 all 2VLI5 and hewn ty Figure Fim Figure + Yor TO) gry wT @y Pew = Gay ; PEL fo) = POD %) = Heany aT a f ds Sets ) od fat ay tf frends Lenbnieg Hen diheentiate by using, $y Ge) = fatto) +) ss a fue fx) [2 ! mI x. Heyy > Non - MonoTontc TRANS FoR attont = & brand bormation is paid te be not monotonic. ten “non = mone lente trans lrmation Non~ manatunic transberinatien ty mayne farsberma hen rao und & gure Shown tn fom figure - TGR) = 1+ Bert POSH 4 pbeary) @ PAL W= PE Ieee) Je ACD Ay =f gecarde + {9/xe 0} axing ransborn oan 0% bute bed by Wing entbvits iti $yQn = fete) | e Lan =F Ly GK date und "1" contiauetis 3 We deoniky und tat ibutton fun cHoris & oa : fn the fatlesing Th! tq ands varrabe with Mean ‘mm’ y varience. postive Value of "1" Ke thebehevs Tepuaity oe Gye = tay for ay io) pt moment sbout ong RARAAR AN ASSEN YT in gy by obey 4 pdm rka ye P ktm) 4 Kea) £ tb he Ld Ud, G9) lu ree see) eo (84) = 4 eh Oita =~ yok Th KE Mean ay & Fandom yarablen tm and -Yoriente. y wih density Han en 8). thy fe detinatvon oe 4 eer)] = earn noe of4 + lose i 5200) varie ge ean’) i Pe ( a"! moment? about 019 “{ Geom” fo) de verte 6 @ Le ayar ane Be ye he] «Let nents] eontiante feriot may meq, —7O came about 80 i bac cheer Se ee Flom e9@). right side eG), tee UPL teratt fe FG ae (3) £9.09] mer ter tak Me ace AE KE * Chebychevs in epusltty + ym oO pA pence bed Imepucltty tae 14 ses fe detexintine ay HOM) y kee apa boundary oe tee dtatetbubing ta” Chebebeds tn ep (m2) 2 kG PO) HO. => fiom ie Setond Par OO» the fovea. Gnett of x's meer XS mG tem 2 oth Pay > nh tke Sesed part oh Re OCD re UPL teogt oY KD mth tem & ky > (mens Gas” co 2 5)” Oe et eos ne nee | Gow tenas at Gey fy ea de a =a mtey o Ww? Fl a peonart fea gyende wen of wil [ tore f eaves] i: et Oe 4 % gE rca e mmc) +p (wierd Hee) 3 Nee esnetty) = p Ge weh) Ww? phe makes) + plmake Lx) ' aml y-ke > at 1 ke) lem Hes) 2b weer p (Gm) vara) + MOND 84) = | ez gm) Cee) = 1 P rem *) 1 Yer Ten oe NilesnasSEne SSeS anaaisad| % Markos tnepuality © >) tnequattyy gira te reatvoy, Between proba, an event 20 and anceted Vols OF ee fore negative -valucs of tandorg rare (20). Me rman kor faery bY paray 0d 4 Let Us Constdee ver x” Bonet negative «Te Gro) aad Continua — Panchen Fe EG) = [ tioee - [ote = 2 if an ielo ae 34) £00 2 f atyoy de 4 EO) » fa agli) de Oe Fw inequality He nC) de In equality q tube ke fone, tnt value tn x paw) thre) © 20 Tp Gta) £29 he te fa Mate Me REDDY Se Find out’ mean, Varence, moment genercthins eraHC- function ber dinemial distAbutioy += (P49) Pe FA ey Pa oo My a (ta) om ge matt He Hinsmmtal densttey furhtion & fe GE ng pt gk mean oh bi A dist butvan mean mj = T= e6) = Ee kt) » Brby rot a Junction, @ “oy CL, EY OXY - o Boab ne arb Og) eget 7 Pr Gey EY = np ze yy Pe mewn Syucte value + ok ok Hiroe! dhibn= Th = EA) = Tame) kare tg) 3 ™> Gy) PY 1s ee KG) #2) “(My PY HEED 49 Cy ? 4) ret a in, aK + BI fg) me + E5C) ry SL 1G) fey (ra 2 pr tye Prcebettciea ary dnen pac ae, = (yy RP Varienle S- _binomtal_aistribueio = aa = EQ €02))” Varety = ar ERG pnp — ip PnP np — = npn =P (oy tneinent generating bunct¥on eh bInemial dist bution LEC ere Wee eerste Pref eree eres Matt) = e(ets) = AY pte ay an Hog) ean Y E (ex) GY" pPgh™ = EF oboex) Get 4 nso, [ones Gren)” Cherecterstic function oF binomfal dubtibubven ie tersite funtion or bnomfal Calibur belo)= -E(™*) 2E Oey alle = 5 OX Gay) ptgrt alts = Erg ey ya te 2 E baj(pel 9 0 \ how GH" | X* pind Out mean, yarience, moment generating sundron, cherecterstte « functten ok poisons dviMbuiion Nove! tA My Oy Diy... way at ote 2 th dts a nap Post yean oF First moment about origin, of a pot esons diatiibutions > the density dunction ah Polen dintbutvon 5 Oy x bet) Mean square -ralue “or second moment abut origin ef ES eerie eer polesons - dist ribubions- pciaey Eieicnan at m= er) ar aie) e Lawee ve = F ber wx 5, berg) a 7 rt. = Zee oa ah x ae 2 er kt ~ Daas) Pomel eg treba be EO = TG] Varience ob patisang distribution For) BHM treet Yorn= GY. = brah moment gene tating funckon of pelHens dis tibakion = patentee AAG Ee paneer be Soe CE ere Mel = £669 2D bt ety site 2 Ede gy re = = BT bef pau : af tr bey bet 4 Ae eas eH cheetteitte function o_Peldon dugpthutions ay t= (OD 2 oo fay aie ote a »Zeye & <2 = ey [mame tN, ee 2 Ob [nco= TF] Bh Findout MeN , Yasiences, moment generating funtion, and therectershe function ef Uniform dutith ution fuachion o ntenet “a to 8" by We uniform density ee a random vaasle x ih fnler vet @D) 6 Roys Lo phew 5 0 Pelyewoove @) + Mean ox Phat smoment abut ovigin© =m =e09) = fi vttode sk frta oH ra (E), > Bet. Gayley = Ath Mean tpuare vatee Gi second Aronent Absit om M2 € 6) 2 Datta) he fv ted & ' feta = Ta p = yh © fas te (F)) "AOL BGs = Cay rear sary ee Matty = (fa eee : bt~ at ECP) qrpabae + Chaederatic Fun ciion te Ubiderm duit wibutien » 8,0) = «[2") Varience - o -uni berm distribution t- vor cn) = BCG a)” : jae ty de = BOY (Em) f e a = Beabre™ hy e ae = -(es ‘ [eé Toa bt 7 Wreabaar — (a%4 brash) ‘ : im : 7 be (a) Ubhy yas yor 38% 30%—fab — ey (ote cy ~————___ be [Se SF shod Gat ae cqevectenane Function fy (9) tabstes wT 14. £40051 Pore ub uy wend am density function OY B Mell = efets) FeO) fom ice gekination ¢ (oy = e [her = Ce fonds (oe deco fOr inde @ Ieuoh = [ f dbtremes| Jaco} a fie [a im 1 {fe ix, Lf fetod Bele) = € (0) fom Fret de in 2 af () fetode ef faterde K2=T pe fun 0 ond © Ow] ye a" Find mean, Vavience, Skewnen. or corkiecent a Sktuness, noment genetoting bun op and chereckerthe junciion ote erpmentiay dabtbution- BH pest — the capenenizal nigral déstiibatieg function of tandem avian “XS given bY tage Lgbale 5 6 6) mean ck Uke HE mament _apoter ong « 6) = &Cx) = fie hoods = funn : mead 25th Part -4 aa he mo hb [ eile eb (oe Neb ~)) 2 adh eM eaesy = yeas) ab Mean Square vatue - oF second mement about ogin Pe eee EP ere eere beer ere reeecr or Te £0) = [pide = fry ole ah faa, = 1 plef PBL ar ax * Belg 4a] fe cw w Y Carb «sat 103) Be Cb + 708% 2) 7S ar aabs Iie moment about origto ee) > f ® fala) dx oth 7 [-28 20s 20s ca cs9) eee B=. hy so%becalp ens Varlence = Yarcs) = r= Bm (ern) a4 ab 448 Gey = ikuee nes @) _Coebetatent eb _Skewnes ary) : PE ea) ° - € (o— Re sur x) £69) ab — cba aa aor iS 38g) © = EY) 3209 % + 5269 9° = Oy SHES Cary cpl BG IOb CONG GH 205— sere — Tarby 2aRh oH CHF FE HY SALE Gal airy pH OS+ Garber 3 ab EHS eos cater Ty 6 oh a3 2 Golbtteat ge sueanegy dy = ©) moment generating function» dx = ah Werte cae [ if = yelb- (7% MO)? =) * Gi) herecherstte Function’ d= ofr) 1 ee ar fos oT aGy,, yet “Rel Cay) ¥ = yl oy oe) UH. co Pople Viet Mnjw ‘meen rarience, moment genera hing. functiey und Seeder function oh gaunian duasty dunchens Noten ae (ee Wht w 2 Pevha ke ema qiotl® rhe ie fe eh ig fame hhete y= mean +t RY ers vantence op 1X! ton Hf & Tandem VOHRA X qausian density funch'on th pomacree a har =O 8) ean of fauitiay ravdem yariable'x © eh) = fl wfelods Y) s6 sy Wrote eb yas tata desde EM= [Garg 1 7 gar a ey _ {Gry 2 eh ay © fark mn af “HY we ® @ © f man hg fegeme. a & f eG ear ° = ft Cet) : Oe [era 4 Oe 11) = Ox WO oo %@ EM)-= var (eon square vatue ef random Yarlayle’x! © = ele) = LP fetode i aH ~ f-ty” = ft ea dy LO ee a Ie yay geet SrE fay oer eth, Let, in we de Ep) fe Pray i > [ore as ara) 1 eh a ar : Faller et for hae y frase “~~ a ~ @ S’ Sy G, [Of eee fem, : o al 9.0 TTT gy 264m Paez? EF f r ae Fagan f Leth see FaCEM) a » 260% tat 0) zo fos TMA ay a = Op otaY eh) = ae neal Yatlence “ef. vandony Yareble '*:- var) = BG) ~ Eye = G4 aay Moment generating ftantion > mad) = € EY) = (Ce hava = f oy ae sparay © RY dx Mutl= [ et@rray) | a pr UA ae = tory, ont ge [det tae abo = é th [OE ar Dy SER BY gry) MS) ax Cheedtersire functions ali Ble)= -2[e") f Ge) . fa ae Ot code : fee fa FE a) Ke GF 4ix az Ade A dG unr. Operations on 0 Plenty) = 4, the dently function & tne tandem variabie’ 2% Here the aigned valuis ave Finite, Hence 7 eee onan have fore Ener toy) Here aes 5 > Z P&H sey > phen) Mem) + ron sty 4 PEI D)E Aen dbWt PG=19)d hy), = oy Gg) 4 0% Fe-g) parr dba) + OF MEW) 01 FE), F fede Oy Fey +035 CED OF BY) 404 6G +016 G18). The fle gh dently tunetion Fi a The distatbution funcivan ty gin by fre F rGt9 wey), tere 25) pkey vay 2 Neu bays rery ubety 4 bry very 4 rd Wy + Pty ug) GM = oy OG-YF ors UY 4 our UL) + 81 UEWY 404 VE, Foca vy Oey ¢ das Uy 4 ots VER) rere) tA MI The lot dinsbubten function t Feo UH Rast sys Doty Hg? Gets) + ty MOLY 4% PET) 1 Gy + UemET Gide OY res Oy ® 4 Meena Met 1 SUM of pabaktyy 2) = pes alle O-14E statte tose | w mean 8 Re We the tom aquere talus TH Hale “AED l= &), a+ 6.6) f 1 y+ WOR +96) Yariente oh 4 Ge ub GY = bent 2 be 1 1 TR be the tandem variate detind by the dentty Fundtion.i they stiri gt Te Py HE HEY eo fF theame, fof £00), en) ; Gin tak Fyed= HE Magy 5 ues @ F 0 eeewue. len tinue Yandem Variatle Were the random variable “A” is for continueus random variable efx)= [etna etd = [attendee r »sftotyga = 3 fot. Wt yea = x tsfx) aey = -» Ge) > = fix) 2 yy 4C0 todd functien 4 fer oll function, Js) dxas v EeDs Sy es f eg tde 4 - Lm fy) & El raga a ah ae : #[* (i '- [= "08 5 [> 6) - 4 u [me] tend He( fmm] 10) fegye Ke foveyy dy - foto 4) ae [ me) Ws +4 eae [-« ‘oth ay vey ; cals) » foe feaye) = ek (rt). ) a - wos fe, 0) The -dentity. farcten of Mandom vasiatle ot iy me find E6), EGY; EG) Ty cee, oy oti efevg= e&n-s) = Ee) + EO-2 EC) omer mon geese , ' a 28) these @ Hite the random Yartable ‘X° fallowis continu distiublon funck’on, etal Ex)= fxg de “s =) , pees jong ee be aS if = [ @ray sta "she €7] + 3 [ie] . [roof cae fre = ene) f 5 elec cw). frqa as eee . {rere ost) f aes Moret me eases on expectation and. voiienee Gan be O77 2s fey- [x eu) hen the density Funttion iy dently —< ches gry sto a faq fame Rx ~, = s[ ve - selhe he pry ys 210 86-5 Wes YetOLUK where x yO TaMOM vaxrame for a tard vovtatle ian ever the Totavel Cys, %5). Hed the meah e fotlows —uniferm dia cand + mean Square, vole A ae &® soe Given that the Fandom variable y Y= Gary falls olfam deabibotion ete" tha tandem varioe HAs one the fated Cy ¥ taadom variable ‘x’ folewt uchfarm dendt hey Fotervel God) Then THe the densihy function th ar seu tha function ved the fae oe agree c= = of aewue {oe ya ney 4 five 6p een means 8 = CY) 2 Lan) = Fawy gee th = J eseyaae ” 7 cen) Komh | onmh. eft) + mean square race of YH = EMD 2 € (con) : «fizweet = + selena) 4 I cosantdy a " eee te cyanea a © ay ne given turer Fue $00? opanenl, be deny eof Mate random raviable "3", thes Find -the mean, Tole ee funtion eb the faretvona, Go gure 47 GD gins OF Green tak ane fete Lea 3 “even 2 Oj daewar ere 7 a len Htnueu’s sander varfable Js rigs [Uf Mae a qn = ee omen oe glN = fyy)= elo) cs val alain Fay cin +) an » [eg] i 108) -»[ eens Foo) > wihoy lip of Eby] raf Eady] = fio fy x _ oh Loe Sea : of aaa ty & air [ a lin) [ave 4] - [org sma] + aap aL oenteL wml] of gelbend) = oft a frit ( oval] th B-bead-Le 2 +f w ob Gente fer]] + ofp ole [t ea © pind she expected talue of the function GOVE, bhever The random vaviaile defined by the deolthy function fy (= a8 up), ree ‘a's 8 Constant (Given That gO tee” a random variate ee the deaiihy function eb 4" fide eR™ucy Wane -utner | RZE =o} 128 # fore a5 ay0 = of te0 S meon a gin = e(ges) = tr . IL fe ae -f Wg Ede rete ae ae a 7 e]- “in an exponen Tewing a die, find the tected alae 4 Ge © printy on, tate fiveo The die Trewing adie eepoinent ‘A thal denelés nett porns Let ut Consider random varzable a die te watgn values “A are Utd Yn ant 6 he probably of op relubhow Mem X= n PG). Ele Ye PEM THM THM TIM TA 7% Eo s Th an experiment foe dice ove Fhrewn FHrubhancowsley Hind the Carers @ Yolue uh nes th pints 09 Thean s Gaiten the experiment G bee die are thniay the dample space { 6) Oy 69 OY RIED BVAYEIENEY bE 6) GY 69 LY bahy,ayGy WhYGy) 69 CI GIEDEYENEY Candy Ey &y G9} a Cpeiment & tel uy teniidey yandom vanasle X° and thet denotes “she no. -potaty () on dies luhen two dies are fhtD , the auign Yeluts of Fe ave, 9, S495, 6,020 oh fr d the PPP ker {af 0 | yl fan xe ett) 2 De PGy, = AYP IAG AAG TTA Ma AE Be yet Ie AM et My 2 4 E Wen xe? @ —owtine 0 function 9) -a tandem verfable “er by geet hots Ste so Teal mumbees skewer efgaj) = jp Gy) ss Jet Us Connida random vartable 'x" soli denttty function Bo. fam -o ho an gous ty at ep tet Mean te gene efges) < fpf = [tet ae » 7 [toe ® A vendom variable " $tok me, mas tm, Hay n= Mae nee oe oe eats from the that 4 hig t f fyig dat fade = tains % [ foe oO =m dettatien eh Miithutton fusttion dete fh ten 4 O bewmis Ego). Fae) | a) The momuat about origin. ase alse dnaoted fer a density Funchien 4 4yter= SAI): 26456 58 flaca, by Given the dently fun clon gp @ tandom rare § Wis 3 (Parton) y aenec =O} deve ef) =e) [v svcote [E@reya Bay net = sl (gee-26) garg -no] 3 ® mz cen feds fn OOyteny ae etree ce ao v } Non ete) = fh atuon be ame a. 74 [erpecme ye agate e 8 Bt AS m (4 Bt He) + aff eros) preted) = we He = seend moment obwut meng > & (GH) = ey em oe Fre Mand Gite. for nee. 4 random variable 8 hos Fe -3, Ye HS fied FP and oY © fandom, variable Ss nen Fess ole O08, Yreus pole eG he erow tat G2 le AUS neste nt =-0 AA Pee pote grea The piven random varvable “A” has welt deity Function The “new Yandom variable Y= 23 q= Bey = ead > 26-0) > (ea) > Cet 48] = HED +e) tee ey > EU) 44a 9) seen = bl Gay” = dy ~ feo” M8 7 exponent den hy tuneion le Weoby fergie EM, 2 fy eM oat -£4}) the 04 4 + > af ts Hrs SS) © aoe = or ue fioout He viene, Shea! ad cothert dh skeanan 9 ET ae Given hee figs 2 os we " a bas Gearerrecs 9), o foxes tha fear eo that, efxle we aay de te le aba 3A Ef mls bays Senay 4p ~ aul eo) Ventente G2 6° i 2 wa Gp serbesanraed) —3 GD (ONE) OY Shes 2 bys gid memes abut ean Hsz ECG -u)y’) ee steayfecetraain’t aproetries'ed)) = etal ean” 6) we pba gerbe casts (P= obgsetn rebar 4 rade cathy tesree = Hiayl eG) 43a! ef) - ey fair owe sul wal 4 3G? -€)3 4 couldnt ep skennew = ls = ee ~ wesulel le e683) x the plat fer the Yandory varfable x", ly given by fylyy= 0.90353: st Given thaky fey ed Poe Ke) find mean ooh 2". mean sah the Square aX", vaviable - ees Sas eene varteace YS i @) sk Given that ficqy 2 osm fH } 04D addy OF oti nite ; mean Fe pte mee ef) x0) de = frtos )! + froma CW) rind she expected tae the funcHon, gen =x; where" a random variate. deftocd by the dinsihp duecten f= Lau) vy Given that gene the deny faction of te fonder rovate Wh frcae 4 PE uty j a1Z0 eos me The expected vawe -of the fuOehon Bow bs : = eGo) . > eG) Yarene » Gre Bi hi) r 2 arg” rena [fez oss) = fepta © even tendon variable -D” ond ths denity funth'on. - 2 favo » Oe) i 2 a 46 © eansder the Yondany variasle wih ceponertel deny foto Eq) <4 $d LON y 22.0 Hind 4 cheeses aR feme for toe totevvel Girt) fd @ 'F ba- witom vandem vavTable the enecled ordlue oh 70 2 07 40 eS taeg Kea atom yandem vatiable of TH deotitey . and tty first moment funn & Given the readom vavable "x! A cePemabiel dong Hoe ty? oness function is =o} eupae fee 4 eh ea = 0 2 xea ip per nobler, the Bap moment about ogi =me09 the dens funelfon 8 Ayt)= . ao) (thine tear = 20) = fafa de i fay, © fefe te vo fo ath 4 be 2 oh Ig : J wether ; 2 oe [o [og a] wether 2) if chetecleratic fun divon = +E (et) : @ [ oo teens > for nee, 4 oh fie aha, 4 oe f oo hy) te e a [ ay J “Oy ale =| Wig yt ( (tm) Ty Gis) ©) Ae) (sho ak te mean value= and vavence

free a a eH dd) meg E,09 = 4, Gy (orate) variente Ate jules) ea i ot me © z - ofr uber yg fet o bo” © _— Prove trek the -Mement generating function < H fum A tee product eh fier moment gence yandom variable & the py) = HO: y®) Independent funchiots Soy pam he de HinoHen ot memenk Jererating fenction de © Le) Heey* e(e@y) = (ety = eft. cy) = (es) -e(ta) = Ma® My) show thal ey CRHCLIMANEG Tum yigiey = 94s oo pygers © Byg en y (rina eS bod MF estes erin) pe tne that aier= f Pg dr |A.c9) = | f-esen al f fronds [ae] 41 20 [09] & fps [: te] (: [ore 7 a f teody = by O21 20 trem 7 @ and @ [OQ] 4b eneraing, function a Vanden varie" uit Fok the -mament 2h, BIS pestis ey, big probability Yo, * aout oF gig, from mement genres yy abso find out Fist moment tag Reon} Given -Thot the tandem variable 'X" has -x2¥%, Mi prbobtty xey fF TOEMD EY, & fe es PWS ® The ppF A Here the -fasdom raviable "x" 4 ducvete rondom sariable dor diete Yandom variable, the ~ memect Jeoerating functin i grey tatty = EG) = Zl fyy i = EZ ett pbey al oY) rgeyy a EYP % Fe ye ey WG = 1 eh eh) Qe ( "4 02", =e | A pete +) 2 yay a ay ef Eyre hayseye 4 ‘Log coe ROE) Bor yor " -- 3D ee HCl pe news that - ftom the defination x tromunk generaking- function - = ee RRO Ree: oh oe OO nae ECE)= tee G+ e EW) fra © ond ® BO)20) BOY) Ere; EGY Ve [C7 wale) = 2 (ehh ah) eet +o 2 the GH amament aboub ovigiy = ye i= $60)/,, ie Eg ethen Hee - a Heyy ale [ ~ &% =O L the AM reel about tigi 2 ue) sti BE FOG § Mey], sll. G4 wemest about avgine sls my od Ga) Oe ea f ® ( wea) | alG. (eo), : hay ah (eer), F* moment about ovigin -Ly = My = 2 (4) ae, ( a fee O moment 4ene ating funchion of @ Fuodom variable "a rg Hird aut TH mean enh voieote 7 yl = Given fhe mem ent generating tusttien of randery vamatle x oa ok Jesond moment ateut o1igig = bls 4 GOOL, > 4 2 Ay ¥ Veslenke = Bre Gay Gh rm dewity function fey = a viene? ss my fio 2 Td Be “ =o} deo #500 = 6fe*) ea i f aie . i cH, (el ts) Me Oe re QO ab dowry suncion ob a trove gc, Ms meen and yaienceg es Given thet Begs a conti hus Mi Mat sender vastaste Hind ment floweaing tanoion oat a 1 [eh id We Mument Jenecehing Function sh random rte i wo= el) - =f koe ~ fet yen ee “J Ee { by [ fas i fn + Ey By ea) a(s-9 Bea Bee ok we » © cote ee aye uy wy CD the men a random vavieble "w" le Ole) 7 I rots Elmo) Ble Ley), 2 OHO -16y) : ay ie or a Lo}. oe CI} me = a at OY PLO aety ey" cof ate) cee Geet Lee Er Wey? vette P= @ shaw whet the function & aealtae El hoy density Function fy (o> 1 al Gay dubibubteg funchioy for Which the Chereclati’c power ee ato) Checeeterah'e = function gy ye 2h sr teun thet, the denny Aunavin ob vandom vorvable "st Torerse fourta trondiem ak PHY Cherenbus tre func’ a fete 1 L ( d,Go O* do 7 wy Sy 7 fe lf tet | ye) oa [Ors from, ] 8 Te] i i> le ae a ine cee aig “PF find the cherechesshie: funchion at & Yondom vasieBe'x" i Me deothy Fone fide yt gen, : bey tht, e GEV the deny Jani of «tandem Yoriatle f= Yo yest = 0} deuste, the chevectenshie function -ob tandem variate "x" & oy = ele") ef OT fends in ; ae tfeisble fandom cariasle “A” hay a‘ cheveeterate function J,ea-= tt @ as 7 ae find the density funcWan of a Fandons variate wh Gira at = 7 Bot O62 th; ble) bois psi Boy a Hse Be tens that the denny dunanten ae a Tandem vansedie “94s pnvetue fourter Rrantform Ar 78 cheveckersh function, worth de 4, a} [tei [ee duped 4 (G5 lOO) al 4, [es ae] [ - ae ef) Coty 7 me (VEZ Fy (iro) (4x) av @ wy Biren tae fone REGEN » 150 = 0p tse tt Cog se Th aaa) tea-ay te yaar AY age fore £ ET, = 0} ofr Mein randiny Yavfatle Px 4 = Ef) fefods fase oy ° a [e-3) Phe » fe athe aey [s TA. 5 tow fetus conse, Auth tem > GO. fete, 7 © ee fy othe) ae + face) °)) ae woe nto Tak funciona ghey by a ie isi ce nar Jere the density Sunckon che neva dawibuhen hee mae Es, a af = 4 : athe”, a a . . sae r erty -[= y - [+0 ld ws Consider QM tere io ee fares fee) 2 afdhe)” > a (-e*ye) Fa = Jute 4 @ ond O 1 O elx)< [TA +4 wutob oe 2 elj= |m@h) fees ef) = an (ab BE) = ae fa > Epes [ree = o > f Gea Pear ee [ & Fao) ae Pd eae Tsar BE are PR @ ee Fos che Poe the, May 2 a apse f BOM y ote Fe ge 7 [e ASAE) ae Lefer: fori) Cee 2 “fs eee «| a > oe SEO = 20 yaa FE ae rae = adh g2efi a or 4 = be afer ya” A EO) 2 hy adit a” revence gta wlogi)"= be ofa afi) Gre be Gye my — gait @ 7 5 Ge cherectersive function © laslace- densthy function ycoy-2 2 Hind mea nd vesiente oh 18K ey ee Given, the tanderg Variable Ay fatloedt the foplate trams forny a : Autrtbub‘on oi Cevecteste function oo neon ore Efe Ht HO]... “ta. “gy (ear tao Cr or) = te we £ aCOM =& af ( HO), -@ 4) me sR. rhe trey teva has oa cheretes he Fence tS) "ter thos that FEY 8 aye, nod Nel AO ss Given 3, = (s)"- a A than ae Pe eld = whe Ch at OH), “sla 7 in (ay (ay ey) 8 Fecal i Ad = We Eo a ee (46)... ak ee al (Ws ese eee) = 4 age L | ee ey" a 7 = aa ica t Sob) = se | nanan Q Gye j.. = se | tage ra ah w. ey et ee er) » fre 0) — ny NOH ra 7 Aaible - Pet OSL Re Lah + He & random vaeable hos PIE de Dah ns vaay 4rd, ge * moment” generating functor & oe Ginn - dete Ly tevend - here" yg -+ disuete random roriable fe mart generating buberon oe 'X" Hs fe (2 -€ (eH) = Let fey “Eee Ee tyres j =e) (ay oe ) ot et o os CD tke puhatanty density dhmeven of a random variable ts given by fe 5) Find. cut PF ye aM mament 1 Jaayerse 2 find moment Genrabing funtion ond ala 2 i wt Bivey f= BY xe04, phere 2x7 18 QIAEHEFE termowns the moment generating functor 4 lt) = oe rl hey fi 2 2b" [wx = ee" | FUE moment saber ort gin = m= efx) = slows] fe a6). get w—a lone) Ga” bo Jeiond rnornent about vig be) = fi), = eho} - #5). > odie retin Gee eet | Gayiae = leeO ee Go eur O) Serer ecee s 63 ciate chevecteranic Auction oh 10'x” baring the deniiky function tele Lg tee ae oj elgeuere ew Given, that e te(= Loy Ihe = oF otrerwtie fe Os Ay -wenca = 0} elucehere te chewct eis tie function a “x” by dels = 2(eM1) ™* toca) de Find the fre (ia) = Sling) we denny junction bE Lege Zl Bled = 2 (St) Le tetas Shuecterthe funtion ee tev beta 21% rel @ mm he = chereckerstfe function and Buk hwo MereersHe funciieg te by ks Boxy aT 9 emo. tnd mo ments eF Given ty f= at aye We cheeeters#e- dunction of x” Fel) = B(cimt) sf dt god firs moment apeut oyun fa the ni% * moment abel ign frem chetect hie furtre omy = EGY = 4)" Lda) fuze a mus elx)= 4 LM, 1 Howat IEE say ee ay” = 1 veal T6559 Juco OF on ent moment abot og mede}= ay (allan, + ef aloe) | ew... Geet ws consider fea dent funtion “tee Hy And e deny fancvion he Y= ath x Given ¥ = axth : were "x" a random arable wits density function. tx CY Here the trons bermatinn 3 — monotonic trangbermatécr Here tke Hrombomabiog - menctuni¢ - thant form ah oy bip1 par monotenie fans Formation, Fo Menatemic tanchorm@iion : i Atos fany(ae $y) = fae Be i 7) wae x2 Tey) 90 wae 12784) 30 Yo orth ayybey = axthey ary * Qs) Hi ' w Hye Et) 2 y Shel bts 48 pees 1 = ks wh) med (ua). oo Mh td Bon coh oa HCD? 10 wd wbartte " vawe and fia) i er i Aig 7 RB pens =o stlaewnre, fyO> bg) @ geen es having tm dency funtion fel = es vexe) This 4 Ie yegudved diniity function ob 'Y" Find the dentity fun chin of y= gad ae GD tat He a ontimueuy rundom taviabie wat Pebabiity «dnt e foaeaats joel et eeallpa Mee el eM altel ecg Hee 1 toe ne aH density Function foe 2%} ecxer He © elauce = 05 cheue the Minish "Y are ap x0 4eay yoo s gue yen Fh EVI yep Hee “x? Ba rH IK density fan cron 5 6 tthe yar ony ee Fx (a) = oad sores Here ke ig - menalenic -transkermation HO= fiw. Pry, @ Whe Units "poe th xen 9 ye das= Fi] > © s uw A) yelet ge XeT Cy) The Fiemttc ot More rae om Yen FO joer bia @ © Wy i + " tt ‘| ah Xa normal rr with 0” mean, and varices (8 (0.67)) HF yind 15 dently funciion o yeet ye 7 Hee "x a= geunian fandom variable, with mean & So ond yaritnce Gre oF ay)”/ ae Tae Btw: he em me frame bamabion 'y monstonic tian ler Funct for monotonic transformations A) > OL) +O “ yeety 5 te lege $y) > we Tey fre ate a HO pee t ay / “ey et gene ty) prey let ye auth shea wat i KE N (He: ee Y= MHA einen at xb Here txtiga ww wt ON uo) = 6H / Eve NQuee. de TEVA” pre Hee thi @ monslenic tam perfuattion fr monetenic franaker Function Coe frt)-fae fitbs fo [| 9 axtbey wet GOR > % feone fy O)= one tl» WO) = et ar 2 Pye fay [Te eo loi fata a > Ni (s4aH, s+) GA tandem variate “x. ty cnksrmy dutbuted. im we Intervet €5.5) nether «127 5 ls oimed tind Eb -and fy ys = Given ise vv ta "xt ay Uniformly disbibuted oer Re Tenet Hy et te density Hunttion unitony datibubion 4 fis & pa = GF omemie the density function eb geen = rv mean 4 VS EG = (eV) density function 4 Te timits a Sy" ave @ vasienc s atience Li the dimits. ok gare - voolg 4 yeast Ree ik haneferipation fans por mats RO) = fen [3] ce op St wet, yeas eM wt i “i = os tik wise me TY Dbdaaned fram «Se Y= 51-6 Hind ke POE A Given ye sak fe = OY Igy ter ares, « heath po0ut £§ 2a Tei. ghen nak ike hy XT Be gawsian Se lig ig - Inenotonic rang sortmatfen, Jor menstunk rave os “3ee We relation, Hue SX" @-gowstan random variede Gi mean tase and War tke trae formation 15 orametonte: Hanskermation for menatontc 8 wr fy = foe) & ye see yas est ae ye ae Be ad pa 4 FE) * Ys ap fein fy fat) Le a LL Tee ier fow's" undergoes Re — transtatmation Y= 2. where a 4 numbec. nd te dentity. function ob “Y® Given hak Y= & % Here Xx" a random variable Wy dentity furctren Cy) We ountan tandem vonowe # mung worms mre Grokel — tandom variasle and youience 'V" fransbermed fe whe dent futon" & por "yak x= GY square tous trambormation, Hd & ye eitiy Had aun ‘ey a toe win TOT end tne fe eee} Geet oh fee et firey famanon eX Fe tte owe ly igs famed by Re squaretaw 1/an4! Square rsh ewe 15 tranibermabiog ta nan mramobonic Heane Formation fe a fy = Zt Oy dan or Here Xn = T'tin) du). val” | FeO SG) © fay) = 4 ou nee Gey 22] om ony: [Be Fo) fe 4 A0) Gs) GQ bee unttermty duthbutel om the nkered Eos) xy + fuanjlomme) tito “DUD PY. YaT(a}ed tenn, UME azo, Hind we Prbabinny denny Aunction ‘v ‘ Given. Ys a tank s CH. %) Spe xany = Bt Dknyhine We Tange te Yl are gp xe aM ty Yor MR) = oO Th RS A My Yo bl) 5 oo" Nels the Lraasber matien is manotende {rong for mation, LNGIE? (all me Anigonemetsi¢ functions are monotonic sik (a monotonic) Porii cular Pederved ater tae ih yond & Fo. monotentc rant Ferm alton hers Hee Se ae 1 unt fnmlg dissibuted over the tere! ye 4 tan) ys a tents) Le sons x= 109! Wa) ele a way) » fz aft! ie) 2 er Ay = fy fo de NO = oy te eee pmeeyen Ti ony QD eer we coterie syuore-law rarimition yeer%s ae ‘yt find [ke densihy funtion ee fawn 2.00 let ws consider here SX" tr a Wadeng raviable M6 density turciin, fe fy09) Here me tandminion y non monotonic Erancmision fe Eby te Gear 8 wie a 7a \ PA Pa a ce © year fone 3 ta 9 (2 ae we} . peo gy Bibs led et 1 aK ne AH ee ge rere aa eee re a a Orage ON ge a aR | YT = &W%) “et bh) * oom aR As Efe Gay 3) = [ AGE) + 56%)) 4 hoy do, poy dy rr] 7% Gh vandom variabte “x is uniformly -dtsttubuted In te Mere i af ne x FS bAvs bey 4 ] re "Y" by ake - trang permati hse Ae Sh bey Pe, Lava). ThA onsmited fo & neo 767 YAY Re Hrnsbormaiog ” 7 Bente Yeo find te denttigy tunction ote og tnd S84 J To OE (ee 4) wr Given the two The naw HY mk te le Bint nuded eer ek une bye og over unin mg, Aekched AB pee eee iatovel €a,a) Taye fru= 1) area =e} ehruhee : * Dm ev x uni bormty digtattuted on (0s) TR YF Bens bore eee fo ames bY Ye ACey Ty, Jind te density funtion a "y's Fond aye the ange qe yo ave Een, Kin ye CON fi 2 Ginn yer (ng hy Te 128 lh ye cue Hee XW que’ Lent derma distnibeeted over ime tnfer vel Covt Mice ony ane Totersel ating FO Anding omer a iy disis el Gab) towel et us coneder u@ "R" value 4 eyuraly to Re average Value kd oe Kee =! omtrnine geen tare We dege op yl A jbo teo spleyty ety 2% tT sg py ys (eo a 479 (shen 0 @—w edneclastie guntion for a qaubian VHT hasnga mery Yebee 70% de ZH find wr memenis ck #” Ung AQ se ive = Beles) s ) Hee er Ey a Jauutan ry wlth Mean x =a Flem he del nation of cherederstre funcion a Gy lt) = Fe J Hee Geer. fe eontinuoy ete range by" ds "Heya" quer. ys (yy Fm Gg (xy “(ey (03) = (gy FO) = 5 (29{BH) = ve fea) © hO-(ES) 2% ACD) = E5409 (te) t FG Meg feGy de Op a fy) = Fa} they wise mean ot y= Foye .f oto ay nl gy a) $8 ww XL we the nil moments ob we Ey at ‘ao “0 PGyyy mm ey" 239 Here = for nz even =” Tye o needa > al , ang 5 his ene CA ae CD) ut us conssden are mument generasing fuaction arr SF “O"meany 4 moment wey alt momenta -abouk origin Tron ty ast) 2 EV ving generating buretiony oY, Giee HM) = qaunign ex ath ean ae 20 eco Tandem variable” ath ae ze 2 gyre 7 £ & r wes PL Frei Re detination ck Cherectersie — function ot By (ley te ys eC) ume gener A Continsiou delays [eM deen dn fier (OY ante + aT FEC pun Las = ip f xP fey de quel Gundy, be get E Pun 0 a9 oo ben From ey 9 Bo Dime 2 cy go oo ne Nee 2 ayy By “0 Seleing ah omn e witd negiect “18 Summed Perey ey gm yy wT eee Ww 6A )1 . EZ OO a fs00 dx " y me Oa 0 [, 2, “a Ohya 2 EGY fm ptnde - tke all smomentd ap «pw ae inn se jnsedd. ee ee rnc ec= [3°44] Lim +o Hoes ter nzeren EL sn frm @ and © page” oo : gp atm tye : te ze oem. 2 tom eee end ong rete te pratt SN) = tee Ima im oy Big gry. we ye taso TT 2 a corny dastbute ce ee! random Variable ‘e" is Fu Ry Gy ee eee 2s qin a a” way ne a h@e for neadt. mse. (¢ fon eg) 1 — for -Miveven ten oh in au (=%) pk! 2On, 2 jay ad ma = 0 | elannece femeg@ g Melm 2 gy a? nd ae given - nt Sige a jo given that 2% (nfs) fre gon “eT wih neglect ke kemmationt eee 9 a Hee ie FEO" Ts Maries thtn og cen Olas vasen Petme 2 Oar : ut a @hyL ‘ Weed ye ese wy) png roe OM ENG teat ® a. 4H) ay OH re See Noe oe te Seay Mee REDY Be 1 tls) cy 2 coo tenis rans horn of ie Find the cheveeteraite funclion ve the ballesing prokatititye furckon bey a 7 Pa) & Gtens pie A Wee) WPT The chmectentie function ty tke fouster dently Hunaion he Gy a Lote ay er OM de Serre) ae are ni) + |deéo se Ary |

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