Unit -4 : Ur ae Anfenaation ty tnfermation and entnopy fing from olicerste sevtce with pritobtity se Pro, OPe ~~ Pens Bee Sr Se Sey : ‘ “the amount of, tnfrnston [sapinermation of pe oe is gion by tae Mf lage fe ry HGI> Ef fic bog aot Z-feows"n otis) = Eee te Problems hides « tttad with probabilities ) The binary sgsnbel 3&1) are transmst 6 * covupording +e? [Ly 2 nuspecttvdy «Fink the ar To= leggy i ‘ ae te Re 2 hgh = Ty = loge = leg 4s 2 O-4IS bits ) conte bay Hobace wgthsoace cpl ltt) wtth probabi tg P dds! 4.) tna etomphy ka HO* SE Pe loge a | © scanned with OKEN Scannerws Mur Py tog : \ = Po legs +P leg ze t cde ta de + Bea qi OSE ase . 64 38S Jog 286 i a 2 Fehr? = peo31ag + $6 24S x10 { = 0-0367 bis) masage 5 yroh unceatity UY emtrophy g Let sdsijsf vtth probability Ped hg sdlteh Fed He ertrophy HOI= g, Pa beg Keo Uncentalrity tt = Po loge + Pi, leg ervorss 2 leg tte beg Hy = O-S8INPY O-4bed * HL) = 0°498R6 | bras | mesage symbnt W) Let? SY SiS} with Probably P= f Ya Aa} find hy 2 flogr+g lege - = O-1S05*0-p1s05 : <0-30) “- 4 799. "94424 bits]: menage symbe ncedaicty 4 wtnephy’d : va Find. selfinformation of cach menage i Ertnophy of the source's! f o if His = 7 Pa to9 2 Lu ko a 3 $) cm itdmr, rsomce s>isiihig} with Redeye Ly . ot = Pa lege + Pilegd- #Pe Wage ap leg t Slea ta = 0160S G- 1505 40-1505 = [+5 bits [massage symbol : © scanned with OKEN Scanner 5) To = af = log @ =I bee = °9 pr = tog = gbits 4 Th= loge, = tog = DbiMs : 4) The collector vig of a cotatn cet ts He blu estos, volts « The vig con take those Malres —shaehedt pallusitet 2H suspedtive probastttty [rb iok 4G. pet) this yoltags & i Se Tnfom Pen ot oe eae ansodaled wi Z£ HOI Ete gg od a flog 4 Blegh 2 leap + Be + Ry teak eg + blog? +b lo i ‘ ed lego blog? ig legit HE logl as f lopstst a6 = On1296 +0-1S90%44 070244, Goag' 4001246 42-1296 5 OFTBIG =O 4ITL bits [racccapeegebel lot Tea; i tiephy Prepon e bal G90 eH) Seg a paebablly. Be =) fpr'seme 1) HG)+0 aafired ony tb ae sth tee protabilttyis stat ove le Pounds erdaiit entrophy re tone ene oy bound yp Mine ys 2-1 clays Cie 43 Frm te PS gatinse caning EZ at zl x ply o> on cing 2 GD ata 2 ~4 cine 2 IO% ea ee, PO @ iG) slay cpined onty th feo re bo atk Ce symbols tn the alphabet on ot probobity) *Hs ertnephy coxsipendd to maccimaam wuncerdainity. tes HG): £ Rlea fk 0 both s¥ © scanned with OKEN Scanner eee) ae Prove fer OS eq, 8 4 Confdin 6 dete . wate 98 ly "arp el Gb Cog ge “Ms * sae, ; ee Aa nate tg Oy, tet #4, ada ca X plying above eyatie-(10) orbs by &, “a - Fx 105.4 = Ete tay 30 Fite tngete 2 h(t: a ° , ‘s ‘ e Pen Jute 2 £. Pe- * Ey Pie (pte ~ og Fragen £ | aN ag BS 4 12 by !09,e : a Xplpig beS tm C12 by “lege are 7 Pe[ 944) oe ., a «flr eel oe 2 loge El te nde Pe 2 beng? ( SoPe~ gs ge E Pye log 4x0 ge 3 = i" f From e40 compantng wttHD and RHS sabys “Th zero then . leggk HG) tOTeg 2 HU) H(s) Elog gt “0 NSU Symbols , B20f which occury ing WB occurs with probably leg +E he fog Poove fo Ord en, prerrty 9) ‘extension of dixcute meme: i = Po log * Pr leg 2b log ofl log 936) 118 = G-08829m(0-01 009 1? HG) = O87, 3+ 3644 2 be dh bits [ renoryS om bol. piocedling “Leo: (ou os inh — The as ‘y obih ffeisnt nope atlon aceneted ec wee Ledluetlop efficent sour shalt soit fy tue qpireents. " z a The code ward produced by the encodin ars th bincey form. :) The source cocla. 5 eniqyatly dlacedable ‘decodacl-' Brava, Se isi} be aa Tne eb, when bats euorag. code wand Eta th probally of He syombo (iF hedt wert length Canty 1s minimum poset veut of Hs” efficony (ny) = fe & Loin £ Ty néd : < . sewne * wae fe becomes reessity Th extansion of, ds ole lus seuret vy of, celing (Pachter TH dP Rapin Panky vc ohy of eatencled seunce = to F type H(s) , He, cnet teunce HG") = nHls) > sitieg cymboll 16 67 efth PEG At pe entrephy © scanned with OKEN ScannerHan IWegi vctlan o, pete ret : Hig given by & ah oy T,.2 HW) ere u ‘Jal hts can be extencld tnt 9” evtnaphy Mi noel £ HOt she conte phy Mi) Mone T SHG tw : ye ent 4 ie Metheds for fowr’* coding 1 ped e nhalal TT Fix code oS Mfiredos a code ty which, fan code wore: peg af ony ot nthe cede E:ancecde D in the gi fueteleven th ove prefix percent $e ceelt will not wee Tnstordeneus uring that a dash ib Him % of dots | dashes assuming a leeds seer hee A ake probly of ecewnanee wilt Tra aot Gash The tagon The entropy of dot § clash - Allgoaitthmn 1) Tha somee symmbal ane Litedin tie ordloreh elecrsatiy probabilig . oa Saf forest probobitty ana ottignad nts L gpletting stayed GV 4 reaper, iqpolty ’ ond bulls con Ate peopic code of taleyaly elie con Slee boy ath lane ef cod werd length!) code fo a fin ext Then the col wend fenpt Ble tuosounce eym OF (this The {wo sowce symbols ae raperded os beig combing Fol with probability equal to osm of a pe my ai, of ROY syrde! © scanned with OKEN ScannerCpe HO : does, ey daysin = WO) FL g guenby dts con be extencld tnt” orrtnophy Hb) yw : : i ding ’ Ha) el é HO HG) enh) 2 60 y en 50) 2 , i fo fowre \ wopeTewiths "te a 1) Poaffac ceding pty eDenh : 9 Huffman cediry ts dfredega code te . Hilal 1) Prafire ceding? & pofizcodets Hint Hu) ¢B < nHels ; af then 0 code word the profe t % ; Hu) Ee wires wé the coda Evanccode D fn the Chek wheather | he prefin coce ll HUene EO : ape (\stefoven tf one prefix T [eR THO) soit cede O | « + pruent tre cede oil pot noe il = e ( 0 Cosferttoaet da fo-comparcd of, dots § dates qagunting' theta, cath Bi ine : Paes Maske probabiltly of ceewence : a i bory ata clot and hay : 7 ao a vhecdaie, g) Dtapostton Tra Act Gdash sy | ame out i “ } Heats ") ean ‘ Code € fs net a prefix code | rota Pterous Xx at reir $ Cocke D fs & prtfiz code Decisfonbn Algoxitthm 1) The source symbal are Lifedin th ondovef, clecrotiy Probability » : J “ha evo sounce egmbali Of towast probobilly araorsigred its OFA (Wats stage Fe callel splitting stage) : Thre {wo source symbols ane regarded, os bay ? comb tnig O rawsance symbol with probabil Lyra sence iymint eth prsoact ty y \ Kraft = fhe Witan ‘neqpatty s,,, 3 pase code oral aati Lin bo etre Coy word bong thll. Thon the cock wend Length of thy © scanned with OKEN Scannerfis placed tmihe Usk inane gl left sith AEST of a) Th preedan rpel l eaed. symbols of, only? which 0 a Chetle fecctborhe code Code! Code H, Cote IS poefic ‘codfig sees Pretar ageer ee eeee ee tee ee eer Fa DY wheatte, giten prefix coda and. construct tain carnuspording dacti7on Snthe table 7 soos | rect | cle ook oe _ so | os | © |e JO *if 1 Ss Si O85 I 10 vig HL ee -sy Sy O-nas Oo {Il0 j.arre | 0S Ss Lous | ot jia Jone Ss mut dou Condy tte colt $0 coded 0 whichisa pooftin J andl $1 codt wend & d which bo peeficin 652.044 he colt A. ie oot apapin code Codatn the Se paefbe 0 is the profs off $1162, g5hance vod not_a prefix code. Tg cod kay code 0 widelin ts sroerprabi= bot ces a prohix, 52 Su £58 ‘hanes code tsmaber pregir cocle zen i: sie (Cconsidun code L sree ls © cokich ts prafice eh So Saiehs g (consi s ‘ bp Tet pralpx H Ss Sa 5u'Ss cundh 55 tie PM GEG $51 S25 455 * pe tana prufix cole” because $21 pot prope ¢5ak 6, Code one © Ts aprofie of sa 2° 53 for rwss ott bo 7 oq Z 7 34 $3 Sl ogeuin Iss onsiden a. cific ruta memaylets sounce with sounce alphabet 5 USosij65} with the source ctetittis {0-7,015, drgy | ealeudate 1) The ortrophy ofthe sore 4) Cale late the enctrephy of the ) HD EPs legcke : ps e log lo) + wa S, codeword te not prufix of col] each ofttn 13 55 and sy Fe ak the Considin thetable given .Tduntily te nstorttenous coda Construct Tt: didifon tren Coded cede toda g relondon eotersion. of tha seuns Le Log COsts) + lhe A OH? ag ae Scanned with OKEN Scanner otto, 6+ OW Gar A SOM 20°) es 401235 of 4 01935 A co Teg 2 y) Be) ee he seh) 2 ON l8 ul A zeno memany 7 AME seers} ¢ prebosity pty source alto ditennke 1 HGY+2H9 H(s)= EP. beg = dheg a ack log 4 ables © = O-1SQS 40-1608 40-18 OF RS BAL [stage ~syprbol Al) a = 3 bits) musage ymbol fed Pod, Py ‘ Af kk oe Bre ard sb fae tee 8 ARs ork. £ AAs dy |e Abs tye Az Let ‘ ae Bhs feb «iw eS eS ab ar. oF 190949 ep extant voarn ob enbophy 5 ghven | ) = 9°36) bits [mason ne 4p, >be 3 bis | msg = syn qactlvon etieas 10 cole te source 290 Es \en2 « \ A) P sounce having on duces Huse symbols with nape 9 1% tae Whin these symbol are coclecl a alphaloot $= US SaiSasesc} iy prepa log ' _t pibe leg bes Pr Po COR + Ae ade, Lt BO gd. hn! a wien BRR fl ape leas ehh aap ae tt teegda Co eaten G79 * ek 1090 esha te daciifen tree fina probable of ghown fntable 28 cote T © scanned with OKEN ScannerMoe & ley Det leg 6 top ke Ota a Le Find code Ying ° “egriaasa so-18068 * 010 0-155 - gs bits] Ineasage syrent = 1a uls 1 2. ete ne . 4 4 = a bentts | nemagesynbol , Ve ye = 420IS7- Sounnce Symbol Ss bs 5 $s oO) Avett 10 Ase ie : ant Ay 3 Ls: 3 H(s)= 1441S aie Srey Hn iar pus 16 Fog 02 100 eer Chart Shon * andl. o¢ ota to be discncte when bth fp are dhe) 24,2 Sy = Bor od Sz plye gel sexs’). bor T8k 50 0% Pll, £1 ., = fee Ban p lychee obalfléty ef error KJ, the trenton probabilities fie mepowtent cn When KAS Tt suprsents condition! proto of orer pe (Piel) eyrld ~ ~ eC erteed 7 Pood Wyisd <=) pl yada) Coda) Pym) 2 PCH bx) aged PCy las) 2. plyeatard © scanned with OKEN Scannernti Pi cablsch channel mare 2p. in now Of P cosvespondts to fist ehomel lp Each coluurn ef, P conus pom Tre samo ‘da along any nov eb as E ply, bp=l foro O% fo Joint percbebility diststbalion pigs) ~ pleexs Y= Md = ply ge DXA plssyid)s Pluls slap 20 Marginal, probabtilyclistss halon ply = Ply) = (Y= yal xp) PCa) pow) = * PCyetas) Poy) > @ : ~ oe? “ER i average poe billy of Pinasy cymndeSe channel, specuh’ Coe kk be Far A fo 20 . pv? corvadk sutcaple afiman codingpld— cenit & oie nesnny lat source with wells ¥y 21°73. LH OT z= OMS, yz OAS corwtrvat Hindni, hafman codieg § ‘find the code aoffFoney he HO) HO Tas? Heffrncate ! Tr ar 10 byt _« z _ Xd best : Hoy= Ete Iegehe 4e OE tebe Ho) = 07 logy + Olslogde ¢ Oty st : Ont Of 01898 40-1935 eae = BP + ISK A 401 SKD 207 4 0340-3 = [3 bop) meserge —symbe | Ny kit = 90-84. d ) Onitdery q discrade namenyleis sone Wh SF 's1)52 355, bys06 P= 0-4, 0-2, 0-8,0-1 , 01. conto binany hurfferen collny by placieg Yha Compstenyniebet Papactt “the aloma dite binst one. py ci to compat suds POscPhla © scanned with OKEN ScannerPT OS2 4 GEMS. = AB G rwult confownt thet Minfmuum Verrdeince | eae . wdfn ol cared by moving te probability of comb irad a Pe lal Ste dy. gta» 7 ee a Symbols Staged stage 0400 0070) FY ou 5, 0:28 0-2 As ie nae a 0a ea gece asi! pur tio Dad Bi ! : Sy a L £ ‘ feboes an stval information Tay) (BR 2 ol i: stags” Hoth The Uncertonity: cam be. deft by: condita! eon oye ae Syrtls stagsd 7 * y onl © x Tesidsse fem the alphabet ce given thet Y= yy at Hx fy) Sr On 7 ol, 4 . i PEG Ign) leg | —@a : na £1504 ~ a oN O4g 4 ea Cem, ae e : : ne 0 mn > 9-4 Jo sao The mean 0h Heaive ye. is gen by. Gah: da 5H On) Plc 5 7 0-3 ; * i ‘oo! BS fs Le e! fetes © WF OUR? 40: eve ply Os tt 0. bey os 7 = Oo eoto 8 i C5 54d) 2 ; o )s eee carpet Varn fol iol Je yh e qpantty H (aly) ‘ts colled ‘a8 condttfoncd entrepry peat Capmneyde on the rel « See annunt of uncertainty sematSog aabout-the channal {pe off ; mel, outpot het been obsewed: The mutual Informe on an home gine by 0? IP d Ch) eh =04 (2-2-5)400 (9-2-2) 40.8 (2-25) + 1 ( 3-9-9)" ; = Golb* BxI0? 481034 019647006 4 Properties jakual spnvaho tle qunual tnfornatin of chaeal scymmalte 24 TC%p1Gr) gaits whore T(xiy) ¢ © fhe is cela U1 ~9 oa¢ a 2 Lo Te melued by ohewing the raand olf. e T(ys)-6 + meoson of uncertathity about eh at Cr iat ea a © scanned with OKEN Scanner3) The mutual Tafermition abe yuh al inpermetion of He chamel may excprenie ) Srey ef te channel ofp 8 Tla.y)= lyfe) ts a corditforad entrar ; rreition of the channd Ts seletleolto there end ghennel Of? PY L(x5y) = HGd+ Hey) Be O74 (Sm 292k # OAL 2-9-5) E4 OL 3-2-5)" 0-1( 3-Qgtod COS +4 OOS( 4-9-9)? 40-05Cu-a5)% * tous pox trode) capacity. raare gehen 38 Cimon lea datedaain| POA dain oe channel fe can masimigge the avonage nutuctl tgormation Cay) & en chonnel wnt { Pt x ! ‘ : dswct a binang hiffman coding by pladrg he } a as hish pd “ie and od core porting” = fend length [ova aicosta remony lay source with © scanned with OKEN Scanner ofa. Acosta memeny channel has He i Teays Tn any single oe of te font fs over all posstble inpat Fees fasasasuas Se Sof Pz 0-4 0.9 0-101 0% 0-05,0-05} ae on which gn by ott) Sgt : |e Gebel ce Mmakloz4) feel comelse s 15 See {rool The capacity of ag Ancncte momcsryls chonne( ts BSas QE ; Fined a8 ct maatmum possible nate ob information thertn SV Psa Oo +Ha channel. oo; Coal[-sfime et oa Cnt, BSE Sine : “RS 8s £, on fig ai - 7 sa 5.28 12 _e ay ‘ The capacty Jor OSC b achived with channel fp propa Utes Be 8 38 35 7e Ss x Piao) = plete 2 ¢ 2 T(x sy) eee Ss $ CP Cae)

0088 ye Be Oe SMT Ge aad AON GEMOLIVS +0-0995K6 setae he = agg = 2-398 Spy ows tal, bres tea.) & J + 4 -0995 tog(L mas) 0 © scanned with OKEN Scanner : < ao qo = £3690 9-369 + His? We B59 L = GOH 219.936 bits | mage sy rbel (prt ee GB 2 . PTs heprewatfon 2 borcting coteto2 tay 46 4 8S——— Sty theme pn a commanicertron ® Pome News whiten hes File coetels “As, Channel capacity hee J han ve ae ae qeno mean stibionory press XC) Te bg seat as 3:0 |p symbte B> (bo, b,b39 Bernas bales ros 2 ‘° wea eee tnt probability marist With sone mangiml Probability g toe D — atte noke f° 887 Hae comple av Cronin p polalinte eed Ca} : win ae "a exer a hots y channel giten by n= ABT g th eT seco 3 x Sree plo) EE i : . my ee Xt Me / : fon ut 7 2 a tye pe tase E chee Ny gouston with Omean venience = MB G Paro oe 9 pled plaubi)+ plas bi poo) & Pe ETE 1 Aol a shore P is ed ) Fo E(xysP ket 9 P is outraga tronspnittad ye PCbd + bbs) + ples) Casbi) = -b The channd capacity C= ca) [THe Ea Pf pe b+ Het alo Plaxbi) = ee 3x) + mutual information ypld= Toke Plas bd= + = h(a) — he ble bmg) oo By, : bOI) —hOre Me) — he bede bled 8) plbs) = plarbslt plas badsplasos) 3) PLbs)= plyhlerbotshyley I OVI h(t) 14 = plaid) + 4 +t. SE t£ + Pls) bly) = leg (4% eC pa e8I) aa na Beer ig ‘a ACs) =4 top (¥r ees) Soa Ae Plow 3 Plesh)= 0 | Ce htop CIS bb Jeloand use Pade nn 5 Find probability plbsla) and plaslbs) ce Bley (2) br ts) se Ne Powr spe : plid= bebre at : iF Plisia) = plabsd . se owe The channel capactly thesun Hil sthe thew fsa moodmum . Lad s oe rate ok which ony commutication cyslim can operate Sos stg (ese inst) hin Hs system Esconstoatned fy powen talon vty. fs calle eheunel ec, putly « We s When He s ope ak the sl” pdintha 400 ch Eis condined 4 & high probaly of oe chotce signa wed for Cronittonel secre gorda Polos) =. plea) Sher. | Pls) Sy OS Ag Ky = P ine mthten bus an alphocbat’ consdte Of S letters Jaaony) dl sedtvon has an alphacbet: of di letters oh by be beh He6) HER)— MRI = ACO) — HI Bsa), Por 8. hy ee P(RB)= a, , \ (HO 206-0804 = L884 osaq an] O10 JQS7 = 1257 bits fimesage synbol | 5 A pe il a . : as benno : ! at infor f 4 : ‘ = Utade Hea) = HON (61) , $te8) ¢ ato Ce ae" yeegs Pld Ot (n 2 " play) tea (zdas? eons plats) ~ 0-08 aanaueen sis lad Hay 2 Pe ail ns © HO) TS ses lags 4 blag, +O leg he + OS log + 0 gira Dr183S8 404 2387 4 0-06505 = O-bsi + OS “a pps 8 bits menagepoyrt r = 2066/7 : - gt 0-3) Plba) + 0-35, P| : H(p)= Epi deg ( a) te) omy Plos) 2 OD8 op aL ¢ 0°95 log olay gh, +0 | = O-NSaS7 40-1895 40° 3474 +01 a k ei Et = fal) = ( ms reo) elie tele $I omnes be % font Sf (t-0) em & tele sapose ne ae of tpt Ta om ee cleo) Mate, Tro absent oh 151“ given by Sankt et 1 Ondin thiscorbition the troutntite i SL Plo) dled ink fio Sle-cedTa) aM dt ofthe ef petet tae, © scanned with OKEN Scanner=a" nun * ~O4 Paw > Po [ate duartaye oy VENA > MC Pore | pantie neqp erent {5 reduced prapt Patyye reser 4) gr fay edeola reduced 40 0. Citi t gy = PO, co : aa : 7 duarlage j nom - vtowlfus! Feat salty beiaueof peg) 2 ey Oi! fon t omit) Co a pe ky Lorn The fondtion pO ak jo tong resulbiag fn eulos ake of Abowd Pnackical Solotion : oxcona the practical liffroubly comed by Tek solution ay 2 By) to anadfuatibb value + -siibnd, Quis Tn soclely ty cenies on bft etde of equation forlficu 20 we vo o ah Solution & Ply-nés) =, 20 art Fens [us component. covusponds 2 ply) He mo fe PU) wit tatsnd from “tow (-Bote Bo) whee Y ads to ball bet acces we Re ply: (§ -ueh eu antting tonne o 7H & cP lb -n Pw = Ty a ~ aedgen ned elgeeds PG) + Rye) > PG -#RE)* te Be we Bh ‘epiray, *+2@ 7 Substitetag @ nO * eke ap (pew) + eGo) x Ol) + PCh-aue) + PG wee = & Constelin toms and susteict ditoas OS ee 0 1 ce PW $5 AS v - the overall borduidleh fined. bs oh , 7 ce y We a 7, AUpame) 9 0B AUR) = Gh oe bee 20 Be = ee bern A piticuton. fprm of PLb) that: ie constructed by a naised cosine 5 ss a aa Peitnum Ht chara cten sites consists ag a nol£. position treat has a = Sin (Gxust) rly idee form a8 gen? ~ 20 Tot a P= [ £1 Ole fy ay ie if i { 0 AG 2 © scanned with OKEN ScannerPy Hl Tre fpequerey poramaber fi ate ulodecl by d= Leh: 2> a 1 and Bandwidth WX =0 Bt Le alcatel elif p SH Ty a commikication $4. ch trambnitin | ah AW, arias Geucetols 3e/psimbols =d by bot bas eh * ofmt prodebilily mobrire wi thson makrds diven below shows Yer peo» Consilative coding: : ‘ Is fs tnthoduced &n tran mit ted signal whith the fleck can be compehgatedt at th recetien. V J Dvo,- Binoy? 2 MES Cpt ene By: Help [eit , ons sory e ae (HEE 4 git eit = IH lf) cosers J = 2e21(%4 75) eFbT te es (iia Co "hcg AC B eonhls ; ot He tg) = Apes TFT * i. hlyye 1b? sin [a4 He, re (tT -0) Dve mars doubling te vioririiton eapaltly dab Changing He unce nvvleded binary digits tnto crrelated bin Ais Te cal dine ~ bineny a dive Vinassy ontpat | ck =. bat be, ; : oe Lb Dee binarug conmouion fbn! H(P hige Duo Vinay Tgndlleng Sch, emg A draw bade in His syst Propo gate and anna wil ccun at docodin 5 Solution for this > To awotd this eros perform preceding Coding ive. a. « bic@ Wel ts thet once esorch te mace tt dace bieviy © scanned with OKEN Scanner+@-Tell oh © Tega) # Hay Leng i “mnediftcl co a aad o) Li * On tedin, we ee by ea ei cma : pret Bay by Deter ‘4 ee calind Pay 2 . 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