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    Brittle Fracture

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    Deddy Tambunan
    1) Brittle fracture occurs when a material breaks into parts at temperatures well below its melting point with little plastic deformation. 2) Brittle fracture is unstable and releases mechanical energy suddenly, whereas ductile fracture exhibits substantial plasticity and energy absorption. 3) Brittle fracture propagation occurs through successive breaking of bonds along crystalline directions or grain boundaries, resulting in flat, perpendicular fracture surfaces.

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    Brittle Fracture

    Uploaded by

    Deddy Tambunan
    141 views36 pages
    1) Brittle fracture occurs when a material breaks into parts at temperatures well below its melting point with little plastic deformation. 2) Brittle fracture is unstable and releases mechanical energy suddenly, whereas ductile fracture exhibits substantial plasticity and energy absorption. 3) Brittle fracture propagation occurs through successive breaking of bonds along crystalline directions or grain boundaries, resulting in flat, perpendicular fracture surfaces.

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    1) Brittle fracture occurs when a material breaks into parts at temperatures well below its melting point with little plastic deformation. 2) Brittle fracture is unstable and releases mechanical energy suddenly, whereas ductile fracture exhibits substantial plasticity and energy absorption. 3) Brittle fracture propagation occurs through successive breaking of bonds along crystalline directions or grain boundaries, resulting in flat, perpendicular fracture surfaces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    141 views36 pages

    Brittle Fracture

    Uploaded by

    Deddy Tambunan
    1) Brittle fracture occurs when a material breaks into parts at temperatures well below its melting point with little plastic deformation. 2) Brittle fracture is unstable and releases mechanical energy suddenly, whereas ductile fracture exhibits substantial plasticity and energy absorption. 3) Brittle fracture propagation occurs through successive breaking of bonds along crystalline directions or grain boundaries, resulting in flat, perpendicular fracture surfaces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    Brittle Fracture

    Fracture Mechanism
    Prof. Dr. Ir. Anne Zulfia. MSc
    Brittle Fracture
    Anne Z
    Failure mechanisms
    Clearly, it is important to know how materials fail mechanically
    e.g. the Liberty ships mass produced to convey supplies to
    Britain during WWII
    it turned out that in the low temperatures of a North Atlantic
    winter steel became brittle (Constance Tipper, Cambridge
    University, UK)
    http://www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk/125/noflash/1925-1950/images/tipper_libertybreak.jpg
    Brittle Fracture
    FAILURE
    We as engineers are obsessed with failure.
    We must be able to accurately predict failure loads and failure
    modes of materials subject to environmental conditions, varying
    strain rates, and shaped in different geometries.
    Several Forms of Failure
    Ductile Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
    Fatigue
    Creep
    Brittle Fracture
    Fracture
    The separation of body by an applied static stress and at temperatures well
    below the melting temperature of the material.
    Ductile Fracture: Exhibit substantial plastic
    deformation with high energy absorption. Stable
    Brittle Fracture: Little or no plastic deformation low
    energy absorption. Unstable
    Ductile fracture is preferred because 1) ductile materials are generally
    tougher and 2) there is more of a warning before failure.
    Brittle Fracture
    20 Sept 2007
    Anne Z
    Fracture
    Fracture occurs when a material under a load breaks
    into parts at temperatures much less than the melting
    temperature of the material
    While the stress can be shear, torsion or axial
    Essentially two types of fracture interest us
    ductile
    brittle
    Ductile failure only occurs after significant plastic
    deformation
    and, unlike brittle fracture, gives some warning that failure is
    about to occur!
    Brittle Fracture
    20 Sept 2007
    Anne Z
    Typically, any fracture process involves both crack
    formation and crack propagation
    in ductile materials the crack will often not propagate
    unless additional stress is applied a stable crack
    the mechanical energy is absorbed by the
    deformation
    brittle materials fail suddenly and with a large release
    of mechanical energy cracks are unstable
    crack propagates by
    repeated cycles fatigue
    final failure is brittle
    http://www.resnapshot.com/MP1198-2.jpg
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle fracture
    Brittle fracture takes place with little prior deformation
    and the surfaces tend to be flatter and perpendicular to
    the stress
    Typically crack propagation is by successive breaking of
    bonds along a particular crystalline direction cleavage
    in a polycrystalline material, the crack may propagate
    along grain boundaries intergranular
    http://www.jwave.vt.edu/crcd/farkas/lectures/Fract1/fig3.gif
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
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    Brittle Fracture
    Stress concentration
    The key to understanding fracture mechanics is the concept
    of stress concentration
    at a sharp corner such as the tip of a crack a local
    enhancement (or concentration) of stress occurs
    i.e. the local stress is significantly higher than the average
    applied stress
    hence the material fails at a lower stress than otherwise
    predicted
    (a little like a lightning conductor)
    And all materials contain cracks, surface scratches etc.
    Brittle Fracture
    If, to keep the math simple, we assume an elliptical crack
    where r
    t
    is the radius of the crack tip and a is half the
    length of the ellipse axis

    o
    m
    = 2o
    0
    a

    t
    |
    \

    |
    .
    |
    1 2
    Callister
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
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    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
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    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture
    Brittle Fracture

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