 Francisco "Bobby" Mañosa (12 February 1931 – 20 February 2019)

National Artist for Architecture and Allied Arts (2018)

Considered as the "Father of Philippine Neo-vernacular Architecture", Bobby Mañosa was known for
some of today's iconic landmarks and immortalizing Bahay Kubo-inspired architectural style and aesthetics in
modern architecture. For more than 60 years of his career, he championed Filipino architecture, as seen in
most of his works. Until his retirement in 2015, he had passionately created original Filipino forms and spaces
with intricate and refined details anchored on Filipino sensibilities and cultures.

He strongly believed that Philippine architecture must be “true to itself, its land and its people," as he
usually says in his interviews when asked about his design philosophy. He intensively studied, mastered and
interpreted the untapped DNA of Philippine architecture, especially the Bahay Kubo and Bahay na Bato. He
also pushed for the use of indigenous materials such bamboo, coconut, rattan and capiz, among others for
architectural finishes, furniture and furnishings.

Works of Manosa:

1. San Miguel Building, Ortigas Center, Pasig City

Construction started: 1997
Completed: 2001
Opening: 2001
 It was completed in 2001 and stands at 183 metres (600.39 feet) from ground up to the architectural
top, although if measured with its antennas, it stands at 203 metres (666 feet). It has 54 floors aboveground
and 7 basement levels.

Mañosa designed the complex for San Miguel Corporation in Ortigas Center along with his brothers
Manuel and Jose. The building has a unique, stepped/terraced design that was inspired by the Banaue Rice
Terraces. The lush greenery spilling from the building’s façade was landscaped by another National Artist,
architect Ildefonso Santos, Jr. It is considered by many as one of the bastions of Filipino Architecture and is
notable for its gesture of employing angled and vegetated facade to shade the interiors from the tropical sun
and combat heat gain.

2. EDSA Shrine, Ugong Norte, Quezon City

Years built: 1989

Completed: Dcember 8, 1989

EDSA Shrine was then constructed with Francisco Mañosa as architect. Leandro Locsin and William
Coscolluela was also involved with the preparatory work of the building. The construction was almost finished by
November 1989 and the shrine was set to be inaugurated by December 8, 1989, the date of the Feast of the
Immaculate Conception. However such plans were interrupted by a coup attempt which began on November 29,
1989 by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement against then-President Corazon Aquino.
The coup attempt ended in December 7, 1989 and the inauguration went as planned which was never
postponed by Cardinal Sin. The church was consecrated on December 15, 1989 and dedicated to the Virgin Mary
on the same date. Socrates Villegas, then a priest, was installed as the church's first rector.
The EDSA Shrine's design consisted of a promenade, the People's Plaza, with a statue of the Virgin Mary
sculpted by Virginia Ty-Navarro as its focal point, and an underground church which was inspired from
the Cathedral of Brasilia.
Mañosa envisioned a different design from the existing building. The architect's vision for the shrine, which
he dubbed as the "People's Basilica" is derived from the concept of the bahay kubo but on a larger scale. The initial
design called for the use of seven pitched roofs clustered together which framed a statue of the Virgin Mary.
 3. Coconut Palace, Pasay
Completed: 1978
Renovated: 2010

The Coconut Palace, also known as Tahanang Pilipino (lit. 'Filipino Home'), is a government building
located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex, in Pasay, Philippines. It was the official residence
and the principal workplace of the Vice President of the Philippines during the term of Jejomar Binay.
It was commissioned in 1978 by former First Lady Imelda Marcos as a government guest house and
offered to Pope John Paul II during the Papal visit to the Philippines in 1981 but the Pope refused to stay there
because it was too opulent given the level of poverty in the Philippines.
The Coconut Palace is made of several types of Philippine hardwood, coconut shells, and a specially
engineered coconut lumber apparently known as Imelda Madera. Each of the suites on the second floor is
named after a specific region of the Philippines and displays some of the handicrafts these regions
produce. The palace is located on F. Ma. Guerrero Street at the Cultural Center of the Philippines
Complex between the Folk Arts Theatre and the Sofitel Philippine Plaza Hotel. Before becoming the official
residence of the Vice President, the palace was used for wedding receptions.
The palace is shaped like an octagon (the shape given to a coconut before being served), while the roof
is shaped like a traditional Filipino salakot or hat. Some of its highlights are the 101 coconut-shell chandelier,
and the dining table made of 40,000 tiny pieces of inlaid coconut shells. Highlighted as one of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines’ most striking structures for its architecture and interiors, the palace celebrates the
coconut as the ultimate “Tree of Life”. From the coconut's roots to its trunk, bark, fruit, flower and shell, the
palace's design, form and ornamentation echo these elements.
4. Amanpulo Resort, Palawan
Opening: 1993
 Amanpulo is an island resort on Pamalican Island in Palawan, Philippines. It is owned by Seven Seas
Resorts and Leisure, Inc., and Aman Resorts. The resort is majority-owned by the ANSCOR (the Philippine
Constitution does not allow 100% foreign ownership of businesses in the Philippines). The name Amanpulo
came from Aman which is Sanskrit for peace and pulo means island in Tagalog. The twinning of the two words
results in the coining of "Amanpulo “or” Peace Island in reference to the tranquil island of Pamalican.
The resort has villas and casitas for visitors, each with its own buggy for travel on the island.
Each villa features a private swimming pool and offers separate bedroom, living and dining pavilions,
an outdoor lounge and a kitchen. One, two and four bedroom villas are available. All villas come with
a cook and housekeeper, and a number enjoy beautiful garden settings.
In November 2006, pursuant to Proclamation no. 1179, the resort was declared a special tourism
economic zone by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

5. Pearl Farm Resort, Samal Island, Davao

Completed: 1994

The Pearl Farm Resort lies in a secluded island off the coast of Davao city. This 11-hectare spread was
once a pearl farm, where thousands of white-lipped oysters, transported from the Sulu Sea, were cultivated
for their pink, white and gold pearls. Today, the resort beckons with the promise of a relaxing private retreat,
under the care of our friendly, charming staff.

The resort's Samal Houses are patterned after the stilt houses of seafaring Samal tribes of the Sulu
archipelago. By day, schools of tiny fish frolic between the sturdy poles that support the houses. At night, the
sounds of the waves are a soothing aid to slumber.

A jar of water and a coconut shell dipper are placed near the entrance to each house so that guests
may wash away the sand after a day of barefooting on the beach. In local custom, this gesture is also symbolic
of a cleansing of the spirit.

The waters of this island resort are inviting. Crystal clear waves lap gently on the shore and the calm
surface of the rock pool washes over the edge into the sea below.
  Carlos D. Corcuera Arguelles (September 15, 1917- August 19, 2008)

Born in Manila, he was the fifth son of Tomas Arguelles, a known pre-war Filipino architect, and
Carmen Corcuera. Carlos followed in his father's footsteps and graduated in 1940 from the architecture
program in the University of Santo Tomas. He continued his studies at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology where he earned his bachelor's degree in architecture in 1941.
The outbreak of World War II interrupted his masteral studies as he enlisted in the army, eventually
assigned to be alongside Manuel Quezon and the Philippine Commonwealth government-in-exile
in Washington, D.C. and as an intelligence officer under General Chuck Parsons in Australia. He returned to
MIT after the war to complete his master's degree in architecture, which he obtained in 1946.
Arguelles returned to the Philippines in 1949 and began his architecture career in the country as an associate
of Gines Rivera, the architect behind the planning of the Ateneo de Manila University campus being built at
that time in Loyola Heights in Quezon City. He also began teaching at the UST College of Architecture and
served as its dean from 1953 to 1959.
Arguellles first came into prominence in Philippine architecture thanks to his role as chief architect
of Philamlife Homes in Quezon City, the first gated community in the country, as he designed many of the
bungalow houses which were suited to the Filipino middle-class lifestyle. He would then move on to design
other notable landmarks, including Philamlife's headquarters in Ermita in 1962 and the Manila Hilton right
across it in 1968.
1. ABS CBN Broadcasting Center, Diliman, Quezon City
Construction: 1966
Opening: 1968
Renovated: 1992, 199
 The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center (also called ABS-CBN Broadcast Center; formerly known
as Broadcast Plaza from 1974 to 1979) in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines is the oldest headquarters of ABS-
CBN. It occupies an area of approximately 34,000 square meters adjacent to ELJ Communications Center. It
was originally built in 1968 and was then the most advanced broadcast facility in Asia. Today it is now the
country's largest and most technologically advanced media facility.
The broadcasting center, conceptualized by ABS-CBN's then-President Eugenio Lopez Jr., began
construction in 1966 and was opened on December 18, 1968. Prior to the opening, ABS-CBN held
headquarters in two buildings: the ABS building in Roxas Boulevard for ABS-CBN's Manila TV stations at that
time, DZAQ-TV 3 and DZXL-TV 9, and the Chronicle Building in Aduana, Manila for its Manila radio stations.
With the opening, ABS-CBN's radio and TV operations were housed in one building. ABS-CBN would soon give
away the Roxas Boulevard studios to Kanlaon Broadcasting System or KBS (now known as Radio Philippines
Network or RPN), which then took Channel 9 and prompted ABS-CBN to switch frequencies from Channels 3
and 9 to Channels 2 and 4.
When it was opened, it was the most advanced TV broadcasting facility in Asia. ABS-CBN mentioned
that before Martial Law, it was once the training ground of TV electronics engineers from other countries. The
new TV transmitter tower known as the Millennium Transmitter in the complex would begin beaming Channel
2 and 4's signals in 1969.

2. Philamlife Building, Manila

Completed: 1962

The Philamlife Building in Manila was the former headquarters of the company. Designed by Carlos
Arguelles, the building was one of the first structures built in the international style of architecture.

From that initial project, the Philamlife Corporation gave Arguelles his first big office-building
commission — the Philamlife headquarters. This he shaped into one of the first international-style buildings in
Manila. The medium-rise block was a rectangularly-planned structure with a centralized core that allowed
some 20,000 square meters of office space to be naturally daylighted through the use of wraparound ribbon
window glazing and aluminum sunshades supported by pipes and mullions. Sculpted concrete formed
entrance canopies and a roof for the complex's auditorium. Arguelles also used the artwork of Filipino artists
like Galo Ocampo and Manansala to enhance the clean, spacious and brightly lit interiors.
The banding of the aluminium imbued the building with its extraordinary look. This horizontal
definition countered the bulk and height of the building, allowing it to blend with the design context of the
low-rise district of Manila.
 The building was best known for its auditorium, whose acoustical profile is highly suitable for classical
music. Known for its excellent acoustics, the Philam Life Theater is a 780-seat theater whose acoustics were
done by Bolt, Beranek and Newman. It was considered a model of sorts for the rest of the other Philam Life
buildings in terms of design.
3. Philippine National Bank Building, Manila
Construction started: 1962
Completed: 1965
Inaugurated: 1966
Demolished: 2016

The PNB Building was constructed from 1962 to 1965 and was inaugurated in 1966 by its namesake and tenant; the
then-state owned Philippine National Bank (PNB). PNB occupied the building until 1996 when the banking firm was
privatized. The PNB moved office to Pasay. The PNB was the main government finance body prior to the establishment of
the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Philippines' central bank. It then housed the City College of Manila before it was
abandoned.
In January 2015, the building sustained damages from a fire which lead to the owner of the building, the Manila City
Government to demolish the building.
The architect of the PNB Bank is Carlos Arguelles with David Consunji as the building's contractor. The architectural
style of the building is considered to be that of the International Style which is described to have complemented the climate
and context of its immediate vicinity, the Escolta area, according to architect Dominic Galicia, president of the Philippine office
of the International Council on Monuments and Sites. The building is 12-storeys high.
4. Magallanes Theater, Makati
Construction started: 1969
Complted: 1970
Once a popular alternative to the Rizal Theater, this landmark was a venue for movie premieres and also
housed the Pancake House restaurant from the 1970s up to the 1980s.

The theater was located at the corner of EDSA at the Magallanes Interchange. It had a modernist
blocky-“brutalist” massing reminiscent of the CCP. In contrast, the Rizal Theater had an international style
massing that was popular during the ’50s. The large edifice was a landmark that defined the crossing of EDSA
and South Super Highway in the 1970s and the 1980s. The theater was demolished in early 1990’s.

5. Manila Hilton (now Manila Pavilion) Hotel, Manila

Completed: 1973

Dominating Manila's skyline is the 22-storied Manila Hilton, the nation's tallest building and largest
hotel. Located in United Nations Avenue - the hub of business ans culture, the Hilton offers to its clientele the
best in everything, art cuisine and warm Philippine hospitality.
The Manila Hilton was Manila's tallest building for a decade after it was built. This project was very
important for Becket that his architecture biograpgy alloted a whole chapter of the building.
The hotel, "sophisticated, modern in every way, luxurious to a degree, in which almost every item of furniture
or furnishings was made of beautiful native materials by Filipino workmen in designs done specifically for the
hotel."
"It helped fuel a movement for rediscovering indigenous design and local materials, and reviving
craftsmanship. It helped, along with other projects of the era, to put Filipino architects on the same level as
foreign ones"
It popularized the concept of an in-house art gallery for the hotel industry. The site which the building
now stands was the former location of the Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John (Episcopal Church).
  Leandro V. Locsin (August 15, 1928- November 15, 1994)
National Artist for Architecture

He was born Leandro Valencia Locsin on August 15, 1928, in Silay, Negros Occidental, a grandson of the
first governor of the province. He completed his elementary education De La Salle College in Manila before
returning to Negros due to the Second World War. He then returned to Manila to finish his secondary
education in La Salle and proceeded in taking up Pre-Law before shifting to pursue a Bachelor's Degree in
Music at the University of Santo Tomas. Although he was a talented pianist, he later shifted again to
Architecture, just a year before graduating. He married Cecilia Yulo, and one of their two children is also an
architect.
An art lover, he frequented the Philippine Art Gallery, where he met the curator, Fernando Zóbel de
Ayala y Montojo. The latter recommended Locsin to the Ossorio family that was planning to build a chapel in
Negros. When Frederic Ossorio left for the United States, the plans for the chapel were canceled.
WORKS:

1. Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila

Opened: 1966
 The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex, also known as CCP Complex, is an 88-hectare (220-
acre) reclaimed property owned by the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) located along Roxas
Boulevard in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is a mixed-use cultural and tourism hub overlooking the Manila
Bay in south-central Manila, most of which fall under the jurisdiction of the city of Pasay.
Development of the complex was stalled until 2000, when the Philippine Supreme Court ruled with
finality the CCP's ownership of some 35 hectares (86 acres) of prime real estate in the complex. The property
is 62.4 hectares (154 acres) of land, with the rest being occupied by the Government Service Insurance
System, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and the Privatization and Management Office. It is part of Bay
City (formerly Boulevard 2000) that spans 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) of reclaimed land along Manila
Bay which is occupied by the SM Central Business Park, Philippine National Bank's Financial Center Area,
Aseana City, and PAGCOR's Entertainment City, among others.
The Cultural Center of the Philippines was conceived in 1966 when Ferdinand Marcos issued Executive
Order No. 60, establishing its board and arranging for his wife Imelda to become chair of its board of directors.
The Philippine-American Culture Foundation provided a 90,000 peso grant for its construction, and
additional funds were taken from the Cultural Development Fund and the Special Fund for Education. It soon
became the premier symbol of what would be called Imelda's "edifice complex".

2. Parish of the Holy Sacrifice, Diliman, Quezon City

Consecrated: 1955

The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice, also the Church of the Holy Sacrifice, is a landmark Catholic chapel on
the University of the Philippines Diliman campus. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao and its
present parish priest is Rev. Fr. Jose S. Tupino III. More popularly known as the UP Chapel, the church was
constructed under the supervision of Fr. John P. Delaney, who began ministering to the spiritual needs of the
campus in 1947.
Known for its architectural design, the church is recognized as a National Historical Landmark and a
Cultural Treasure by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, and the National Museum of the
Philippines respectively. It was designed by the late National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture, Leandro
Locsin, one of four National Artists who collaborated on the project. According to a post from the UP Diliman
website, it is the only structure in the country where the works of five national artists can be found. Alfredo
Juinio served as the structural engineer for the project.
Initially, Leandro Locsin designed the church for the Ossorio family, who were planning to build a
chapel in Negros. Unfortunately, the plans for the chapel were scrapped when Frederic Ossorio, the head of
the family, left for the United States. However, in 1955, Father Delaney commissioned Locsin to design a
chapel that was open and could easily accommodate 1,000 people. The Church of Holy Sacrifice became the
first circular chapel with the altar in its center in the country, and the first to have a thin shell concrete dome.
This was his first major architectural commission.
Locsin chose the round plan as the most suited for giving the congregation a sense of participation in
the mass. The center of the plan is the altar, which is elevated from the floor by three steps. The separation of
the choir and congregation was dissolved through this design. The ceiling of the concrete dome church was
left bare and a dramatic use of colored lights mark the changing seasons of worship.

3. Istana Nurul Iman, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

Completed: 1984

The Istana Nurul Iman, in English, The Light of Faith Palace is the official residence of the Sultan of
Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, and the seat of the Brunei government. The palace is located on a leafy, riverside
sprawl of hills on the banks of the Brunei River, a few kilometres southwest of Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei's
capital city. The palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It is considered to be the
world's largest private residence in terms of floor area, earning it the title of "world's largest residential
palace".

The title of the "world's largest palace" is difficult to ascertain, and controversial, as different countries
use their own unique standard to claim that their palace is the largest. Using various definitions, a number of
palaces are claimed to be the world’s largest: Istana Nurul Iman, Buckingham Palace, Quirinal Palace, Royal
Palace of Madrid, Stockholm Palace, The Forbidden City, The Palace of Versailles, The Royal Palace of
Caserta, The Winter Palace, The Louvre Palace, Prague Castle, and Romania’s Palace of the Parliament.
To be considered for the Guinness World Record, the palace must have been intended for use as a
royal residence, and only the combined area of the palace’s indoor floors (a measurement commonly known
as floorspace) is considered. As measured by these standards, Guinness World Records currently considers
Istana Nurul Iman to hold the title as the "world's largest residential palace." Upon completion, Istana Nurul
Iman became the largest residential palace in the world and the largest single-family residence ever built. The
palace contains 1,788 rooms, which includes 257 bathrooms, a banquet hall that can be expanded to
accommodate up to 5,000 guests, a mosque accommodating 1,500 people. The palace also includes a 110-car
garage, an air conditioned stable for the Sultan's 200 polo ponies, and five swimming pools. In total, Istana
Nurul Iman contains 2,152,782 square feet (200,000 m²) of floorspace. Istana Nurul Iman has 564 chandeliers,
51,000 light bulbs, 44 stairwells and 18 elevators.
 4. Mandarin Oriental Manila, Makati
Opening: 1976
Closed: 2014

The 18 storey building was built on a site which was known as the Diamond Triangle and opened in
1976. It had the first in-house movie system in the Philippines. Since 1996, the hotel was known for its
annual Chinese New Year celebrations. These celebrations were cited among the celebrations within Metro
Manila outside Binondo. In 2001, the hotel opened The Spa at Mandarin Oriental, a luxury spa within its
premises, becoming the first hotel in the country to have done so.

On June 4, 2014, The Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group announced that it would close the hotel by the
end of 2014. The management began closing the hotel gradually, area by area, instead of shutting down all the
hotel areas at once. The hotel saw its last day of operation on September 9, 2014.

The lease of the management of the Mandarin Oriental Manila with Ayala Land was due to end in 2026
but the board decided to close the hotel instead of waiting for the lease to expire. The new Mandarin Oriental
Manila will be built across the street at the Ayala Triangle Gardens and is planned to have 275 rooms. The new
hotel to be developed and owned by Ayala Land Hotels & Resorts is planned to be completed by 2020.

5. Ayala Tower One, Makati

Construction started: 1993
Completed: 1996
Opening: 1996
 Tower One & Exchange Plaza is one of the tallest and most well-known skyscrapers in the Philippines. It
is located in the Makati Central Business District and has a height of 160 metres (525 feet). The building has 35
floors above ground level, and is originally planned to be the first of three towers for the Ayala Triangle. Plans
for the construction of the two additional buildings did not materialize though. The area composes of 3
Buildings, Ayala Tower One, The Makati Stock Exchange (MkSE) and the former trading floor of the Philippine
Stock Exchange, along with 2 Buildings Under Construction.
Tower One & Exchange Plaza was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, LLP. Leandro V. Locsin &
Partners was the local architect of record. The building is owned by Ayala Land, a subsidiary of the Ayala
Corporation, which is headquartered in the building (see Ownership). Other institutions headquartered at
Ayala Tower One include the primary trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange (Until February 2018)
and Banco de Oro Universal Bank (BDO). It is the headquarters of the Ayala Corporation, the company that
built the Makati Central Business District.
This building was built solely as a response to the Philippine Stock Exchange relocating from Makati to
the Tektite Towers - West Tower in Ortigas Center. Ayala Land was hoping that the Philippine Stock
Exchange would reconsider its plan. It did not completely succeed with its attempt to keep the stock exchange
exclusively in Makati since the Philippine Stock Exchange ultimately decided to have two trading floors: one
each in Makati and Ortigas Center. But the building did become one of the most prestigious office towers in
the country.
  Juan M. Arellano (April 25, 1888- December 5, 1960)
Medal of Merit Awardee, Philippine Institute of Architects

Juan M. Arellano was born on April 25, 1888 in Tondo Manila, Philippines to Luis C. Arellano and
Bartola de Guzmán. Arellano married Naty Ocampo on May 15, 1915. He had eight children, Oscar, Juanita,
Cesar, Salvador, Juan Marcos, Luis, Gloria and Carlos.
He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated in 1908. His first passion was painting and
he trained under Lorenzo Guerrero, Toribio Antillon, and Fabian de la Rosa. However, he
pursued architecture and was sent to the United States as one of the first pensionados in architecture, after
Carlos Barreto, who was sent to the Drexel Institute in 1908; Antonio Toledo, who went to Ohio State;
and Tomás Mapúa, who went to Cornell.
Arellano went to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 and subsequently transferred
to Drexel to finish his bachelor's degree in Architecture. He was trained in the Beaux Arts and subsequently
went to work for George B. Post & Sons in New York City, where he worked for Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.
He then returned to the Philippines to begin a practice with his brother, Arcadio. He later joined
the Bureau of Public Works just as the last American architects, George Fenhagen and Ralph H. Doane, were
leaving. He and Tomás Mapúa were then named as supervising architects. In 1927, he took a study leave and
went to the United States where he was greatly influenced by Art Deco architecture.
In 1930, he returned to Manila and designed the Bulacan Provincial Capitol,Manila Metropolitan
Theater, which was then considered controversially moderne. He continued to act as a consulting architect for
the Bureau of Public Works where he oversaw the production of the Manila's first zoning plan. In 1940, he and
Harry Frost created a design for Quezon City, which was to become the new capital of the Philippines.
 1. Manila Metropolitan Theater, Ermita, Manila
Groudbreaking: 1930
Inaugurated: December 10, 1931
Renovated: 1975-ongoing

The Manila Metropolitan Theater (Tanghalang Pangkalakhan ng Maynila, or MET) is a Philippine Art
Deco building found near the Mehan Garden located on Padre Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street, near
the Manila Central Post Office. It was designed by architect Juan M. Arellano and inaugurated on December
10, 1931.

Arellano was influenced by early Filipino art which uses local motifs and diverse imagery of Philippine
flora. Aside from his knowledge on Filipino art was the factor of economy which both helped the architect in
having a modern design approach to the theater. Meanwhile, the phrase “on wings of song” gave the
structural configuration, a box-shaped auditorium flanked by pavilions on both sides. The mix of
modernization and romanticization resulted in A. V. H. Hartendrop labeling it as modern expressionism.
The Metropolitan Theater façade resembles a stage being framed by a proscenium-like central window
of stained glass which carries the name “Metropolitan” with flora and fauna motif surrounding the label. This
helps bring in light to the lobby. It was highlighted on both ends by the curving walls with colorful decorated
tiles in resemblance with the batik patterns from Southeast Asia. There are also moldings of zigzag and wavy
lines that go with the sponged and painted multi-colored massive walls. The wall that framed the stained glass
is a segmented arch with rows of small finials on the upper edge of the wall. Angkor Wat-inspired minarets
crown the top of the concave roof which suggested its status as a theater back in its prime days. Located in the
entrance are elaborate wrought iron gates which are patterned into leaf designs and various lines. Accenting
the ground level are Capiz lamps and banana-leaf formed pillars which go alternately with the theater's
entrances.
 2. National Museum of Fine Arts, Manila
Construction: 1918
Completed: July, 1926
Destroyed: February 1945
Renovated: 1950

The National Museum of Fine Arts (Pambansang Museo ng Sining), formerly known as the National Art
Gallery, is an art museum in Manila, Philippines. It is located on Padre Burgos Avenue across from the National
Museum of Anthropology in the eastern side of Rizal Park. The museum, owned and operated by the National
Museum of the Philippines, was founded in 1998 and houses a collection of paintings and sculptures by
classical Filipino artists such as Juan Luna, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo and Guillermo Tolentino.
The neoclassical building was built in 1921 and originally served to house the various legislative bodies
of the Philippine government. Known as the Old Legislative Building (also the Old Congress Building), it was the
home of the bicameral congress from 1926 to 1972, and the Philippine Senate from 1987 to 1997.
The Senate would use the Congress Building until May 1997, when it moved to the Government Service
Insurance System Building on reclaimed land on Manila Bay in Pasay. The former office of the Prime Minister
was taken as the Office of the Vice-President.
The building was then turned over to the National Museum of the Philippines in 1998 and on
September 30, 2010, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared the building as a "National
Historical Landmark" by virtue of Resolution No. 8 (dated September 30, 2010). A marker commemorating the
declaration was unveiled on October 29, 2010.

3-5. gagawin daw ni luis 