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Brownian Motion - Manual - 1 - Calculation

This document describes an experiment to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Brownian particles by tracking their motion over time using microscopy and image analysis, which allows calculating the mean square displacement based on Einstein's relation between diffusion and drag coefficients to ultimately determine values for the diffusion coefficient, Boltzmann's constant, and Avogadro's number. The procedure involves preparing a sample, acquiring time-series images of particle movement, tracking particle positions between frames to calculate displacements, analyzing the displacement data, and reporting the estimated values.

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AMAN TIWARI
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28 views2 pages

Brownian Motion - Manual - 1 - Calculation

This document describes an experiment to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Brownian particles by tracking their motion over time using microscopy and image analysis, which allows calculating the mean square displacement based on Einstein's relation between diffusion and drag coefficients to ultimately determine values for the diffusion coefficient, Boltzmann's constant, and Avogadro's number. The procedure involves preparing a sample, acquiring time-series images of particle movement, tracking particle positions between frames to calculate displacements, analyzing the displacement data, and reporting the estimated values.

Uploaded by

AMAN TIWARI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Diffusion co-efficient for a Brownian particle.

Objective : 1. Estimation of diffusion coefficient of a given particle


2. Estimation of Boltzmann constant (KB) and Avogadro's Number (NA)

Equipment and Accessories : A Microscope with a Camera


Brownian particles in a solution of known viscosity
A computer with some basic software

Experiment Duration : ~ 1 to 2 Hours. (Lab in Nila Campus)


Analysis : ~ 2 Hours (Offline)

Background Theory:

The simple random walk is a very good model for Brownian motion

For a particle exhibiting Brownian motion

< x > =0

However, the mean square displacement is given by-

< x2 > = 2 Dt (1-dim Random walk)

D = diffusion coefficient, t = time interval

< x2 > = 4 Dt (2-dim Random walk)

< x2 > = 6 Dt (3-dim Random walk)

Einstein’s relation

D 𝜁 = 𝛋B T

Where 𝜁 = drag co-efficient

For a spherical particle of size “a”

𝜁=6𝛑ηa
Procedure:

1. Prepare the sample with microspheres/particles

2. Mount the sample properly on the microscope stage

3. Observe the sample to find an area with at least 5 particles in focus plane.

4. Check the camera acquisition settings (ask the instructor)

(You need to record a time series image for 300 S at 5 second interval)

5. Save the image in .tiff format

6. Open the image using ImageJ (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html)

7. Track the particles (manually / automatic). It will give you x(t) and y(t)

8. Find Δx and Δy for each interval (x(t+ Δt) – x(t))

9. Plot the distribution of both Δx and Δy

(What can you say from the plot)

10. Find <Δx2> and <Δy2>

11. Calculate Dx and Dy

12. Find uncertainty in your measurement deltaD/D

13. Deduce the value of Boltzmann’s constant.

Upload the following to the folder

1. Image
2. Data File (x, y, DeltaX, Deltay, … …. ),
3. Report with estimation of D, KB,

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