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Technovision Paper

This document demonstrates the concept of state estimation using an Arduino, MATLAB software, and a simple DC circuit. It presents the theoretical background of state estimation, including defining state variables and describing the least squares method. It then shows the circuit diagram and equations used to estimate the state variables x1 and x2 based on measurements z1-z4. Finally, it discusses how this demonstration applies to estimating the state of power system networks using nonlinear measurement models and iterative estimation techniques.

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Pratik Sutar
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27 views3 pages

Technovision Paper

This document demonstrates the concept of state estimation using an Arduino, MATLAB software, and a simple DC circuit. It presents the theoretical background of state estimation, including defining state variables and describing the least squares method. It then shows the circuit diagram and equations used to estimate the state variables x1 and x2 based on measurements z1-z4. Finally, it discusses how this demonstration applies to estimating the state of power system networks using nonlinear measurement models and iterative estimation techniques.

Uploaded by

Pratik Sutar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical Demonstration of concept of state

estimation using Arduino


Sapana S.Bhandari
Madhura M.Bhatkhande
Swapnali R. Bhojane
BE students, Department of Electrical Engineering, Finolex Academy of Management and Technology,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: In order to understand concept of power system


state estimation, firstly the concept of state estimation is 2.2 Block diagram
required to be understood theoretically and practically. error v
In this paper an attempt has been made to demonstrate u X Z x
Physical Measurement
the concept of state estimation practically by using simple State
SystemP System Estimation
DC circuit,Arduino and MATLAB software
where, u is input vectors

Keywords: State estimation, Arduino, MATLAB software. X is true system state vector
z is measurement vector
v is observation vector
1.INTRODUCTION
 The aim of State Estimation is to estimate the state of x is estimation vector

power system accurately base on the various real time 2.3 Circuit diagram:

information and measurement available.


 A commonly used and familiar criterion is that
minimizing the sum of the squares of the difference
between the estimated and “true” values of a function.
 Earlier model- Schweppe and Wildes
 In power system the state variables are the voltage
magnitudes and relative phase angles at the system 2.4 Least Square Method
nodes. By applying KVL
 The estimator is designed to produce the “best estimate” 20KI1-10KI2=x1……(1)
of the system. 10KI1-30KI2+10KI3=0………(2)
2. STATE ESTIMATION 0I1+10KI2-20KI3=X2………(3)

2.1 Definition: The complete “Solution” of the power


system is known if all voltages and angles are identified at By applying crammer's rule

each bus. These quantities are the “State Variables” of the I1=(5/80K)x1-(1/80K)x2….(4)

system. I2=(1/40K)x1-(1/40K)x2….(5)
I3=(1/80K)x1-(5/80K)x2…..(6)
From this equation we get,
3. PROJECT DEMO
Z1 = x1-Z3 = 5/ 8 x1- 1/ 8 x2
Setup
Z2= Z4-x2 = 1 /8 x1− 5/ 8 x2
Z3=10K(I1-I2)= 3/ 8 x1+ 1/ 8 x2
Z4=10K(I2-I3)= 1/ 8 x1+ 3/ 8 x2

We get,
Z1 = -Z3 = - 3 /8 x1- 1 /8 x2
Z2= Z4 = 1/ 8 x1+ 3/ 8 x2
Z3= 3/ 8 x1+ 1/ 8 x2
G=(HT)*WH...........Where G is gain matrix.
W is weighting factors.

We get

For 5V, 3.3V supply


Simout(Z3)

Forming H matrix we get,

Simout(Z4):
with different power utilities can be done effectively and
4. APPLICATION TO POWER SYSTEM efficiency. A real time estimation of the system of state
variables are continuously updated by distributed data
Circuit Diagram
measurements and adapted as reference for the solution of
system state equations.
6. REFERENCES
 Ali Abur and Antonio Gomez Exposito. (2004,April).
Power System State Estimation Theory and
Implementation
(1sted.)[Online].Available:http://www.books.google.co
m.
Power System Network  Allen J wood and Bruce F Wollenberg
.(1996,February6). Power Generation, Operation, and
Control (2nded.)
[Online].Available:http://www.books.google.com.
 Power System Analysis by John J.Grainger & William
D.Stevenson

Circuit Power System Network


Diagram
Measurements:Z Measurements:P12,Q12,P2,|V1|,P13,Q1
3,Z4 3,Q2,|V2|
State State variables:|V1|,|V2|,|V3|,θ2,θ3
variables:x1,x2
H is linear matrix H is non- linear matrix
Direct solution Use iterative method(Newton Raphson
obtained method)

5. CONCLUSION
The significance of state estimation for proper monitoring
and control of power system operations is reviewed. Due to
the increase in the complex data to be handled in a power
system there is a need for flexible and expandable
information integration environment such that the interaction

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