This document discusses various load and haulage calculations including:
1. Definitions for bank cubic meters (BCM), loose cubic meters (LCM), and compacted cubic meters (CCM) and how they relate based on swell percentages.
2. How to calculate load factors based on swell percentages to determine load volumes.
3. The ratio between compacted and bank cubic meters is called the shrinkage factor.
4. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for load volume, density, payload, and tons per pass for a haul truck operating in materials of a given density and swell percentage.
This document discusses various load and haulage calculations including:
1. Definitions for bank cubic meters (BCM), loose cubic meters (LCM), and compacted cubic meters (CCM) and how they relate based on swell percentages.
2. How to calculate load factors based on swell percentages to determine load volumes.
3. The ratio between compacted and bank cubic meters is called the shrinkage factor.
4. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for load volume, density, payload, and tons per pass for a haul truck operating in materials of a given density and swell percentage.
This document discusses various load and haulage calculations including:
1. Definitions for bank cubic meters (BCM), loose cubic meters (LCM), and compacted cubic meters (CCM) and how they relate based on swell percentages.
2. How to calculate load factors based on swell percentages to determine load volumes.
3. The ratio between compacted and bank cubic meters is called the shrinkage factor.
4. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for load volume, density, payload, and tons per pass for a haul truck operating in materials of a given density and swell percentage.
This document discusses various load and haulage calculations including:
1. Definitions for bank cubic meters (BCM), loose cubic meters (LCM), and compacted cubic meters (CCM) and how they relate based on swell percentages.
2. How to calculate load factors based on swell percentages to determine load volumes.
3. The ratio between compacted and bank cubic meters is called the shrinkage factor.
4. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for load volume, density, payload, and tons per pass for a haul truck operating in materials of a given density and swell percentage.
If 1 BCM is compacted (or 1.3 LCM) its volume may be
reduced to 0.8 cm and the weight remains the same. Instead of dividing by (1+ swell) to determine bank cubic volume, the loose volume can be multiplied by the load factor (LIF). If the percent of material swell is known, the load factor ( L.F) may be obtained; LF = 100% 100% + % swell Hence; Load (BCM) = Load (LCM) × L.F
3. The ratio between compacted measure and bank measure and bank measure is called shrinkage factor (S.F) S.F = Compacted cubic metre (CCM) Bank cubic metre (BCM).
4. Material density: Density is the weight per unit volume of a material.
5. Fill factor: the percentage of an available volume in a body, bucket, or
bowl that is actually used. A fill factor of 87% for a hunter body means that 13% of the rated volume is not being used to carry material. Buckets often have fill factors over 100%
Example: A 14 cubic metre (heaped 2: 1) bucked has a 105% fill factor when operating in a short sandstone 2000kg / BCM and a 35% swell. a) What is the loose density of material? b) What is the usable volume? c) What is the bucket payload per pass in BCM? d) What is the bucket payload per pass in tonnes?
Solution: a) 1 kg / LCM = (kg/ BCM) ÷ (1 + swell) =2000 ÷ 1.35 =1481.5 b) LCM = Rated LCM ×fill factor = 14× 1.05 = 14.7 LCM c) Kg / pass = Volume × density (kg / LCM) = 14.7 × 1481.5 = 21,778 KG. BCM/ Pass = weight ÷ density (kg /BCM) = 21.778 ÷ 2000 =10.89 BCM Or bucket LCM from part b ÷ (1 +swell) = 14.7 ÷1.35 =10.89 BCM d) Tons / pass = kg ÷ 1000 kg/ tonne = 21.778 ÷ 1000 kg / tonne =21.8 tons 6. Soil density tests: There are a number of acceptable methods that can be used to determine soil density some that are currently in use are; i. Nuclear density moisture gauge. ii. Sand cone methods iii. Oil method iv. Balloon method cylinder method v. Cylinder method All these except the nuclear method use the following procedure: i. Remove a soil sample from bank state. ii. Determine the volume of the hole. iii. Weigh the soil sample. iv. Calculate the density kg / BCM (U / BCY) The nuclear density moisture gauge is one of the modern instruments for measuring soil density and moisture.
7. Rolling Resistance3 (RR) is a measure of the force that must be over
come to roll or pull a wheel over the ground. It is affected by ground conditions and the load - the deeper a wheel sruks, into the ground, the higher the rolling resistance. RR = 2% of GMW + 0.6% OF GMW per cm tire penetration (GMW = Gross Machine Weight) RR = 2% of GMW + 1.5% of GMW per inch tire penetration.
8. Grade Resistance is a measure of the force that must be overcome to move
a machine over unfavorable grade (uphill). Grade resistance is a measure of the force that assists machine movements on favorable grades (downhill) Grades are generally measured in % slope, which is the ratio
