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69 views9 pagesEnum
Uploaded by
vikram.singh6822Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 9
Core java NAGOOR BABU
ENUM
* Weccan use enum to define a group of named constants.
Example 1;
enum Month
{
JAN,FEB,MAR,DEC;
}
Example 2:
enum Beer
{
KF,KO,RC,FO;
}
‘© Enum concept introduced in 1.5 versions.
‘* When compared with old languages enum java’s enum is more powerful.
‘* By using enum we can define our own data types which are also come enumerated data
types.
Internal implementation of enum:
‘* Internally enum’s are implemented by using class concept. Every enum constant is a
reference variable to that enum type object.
* Every enum constant is implicitly public static final always.
Example 3:
enum Beer final class Beer extends java.lang.Enum{
{ public static final Beer KF=new Beer();
KF,KO; public static final Beer KO=new Beer();
i }
Diagram:
of enu
enum Beer
{
KF,KO,RC,FO;//here semicolon is optional.
t
class Test
{
public static void main(String args{IM{
DURGA SOFT
440 Core java NAGOOR BABU
Beer bi=Beer KF;
System.out.printin(b1);
num>java Test
Note: Every enum constant internally static hence we can access by using “enum name”.
Enum vs switch statement:
‘Until 1.4 versions the allowed types for the switch statement are byte, short, char int.
But from 1.5 version onwards in addition to this the corresponding wrapper classes and
enum type also allowed. That is from 1.5 version onwards we can use enum type as
argument to switch statement.
Diagram:
wyte Byte
Fractal short Short
) i roger |* SS
char Character
Lav +
=m
Example:
enum Beer
{
KF,KO,RC,FO;
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args{]}{
Beer b1=Beer.RC;
switch(b1}{
case KF:
System.out.printin("it is childrens brand");
break;
case KO:
System.out printin("it is too lite");
break;
case RC:
aa
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444 Core java NAGOOR BABU
‘System.out.printin("it is too hot");
break;
case FO:
‘System.out.printin("buy one get one’
break;
default:
‘System.out.printin("“other brands are not good");
}
y
‘Qutput:
D:\Enum>java Test
Itis too hot
‘* If we are passing enum type as argument to switch statement then every case label
should be a valid enum constant otherwise we will get compile time error.
Example:
enum Beer
{
KF,KO,RC,FO;
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args{]M
Beer b1=Beer.RC;
switch(b1}{
case KF:
case RC:
case KALYANI:
W
Output:
‘Compi
D:\Enumpjavac Test.java
Test,java:11: unqualified enumeration constant name required
case KALYAN!
‘* We can declare enum either outside the class or within the class but not inside a
method. if we declare enum outside the class the allowed modifiers are:
1) public
2) default
3) strietfp.
* Ifwe declare enum inside a class then the allowed modifiers are:
e error.
a2,
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442 Core java NAGOOR BABU
1) public private
2) default + protected
3) strictfp static
class x
enum x | classx |
0 t public void methodOne(){
classy | enumY
0 0 5
Boy -ompile time error.
(vatidy Fyatigy |} fos\EnumpjavacX.java
Javad: enum types must not be local
num X
Enum vs inheritance:
© Every enum in java is the direct child class of java.lang.Enum class hence it is not
possible to extends any other enum.
* Every enum is implicitly final hence we can’t create child enum.
© Because of above reasons we can conclude inheritance concept is not applicable for
enum’s explicitly.
But enum can implement any no. Of interfaces simultaneously.
Exampl
ee : ‘enum X extends Enum fon
enum Yextendsx | ‘enum ¥ extends X
0 0
id) (invalid) {invalid)
enumXx
0
class V extends X
0
output: interface x
compile time error. 0
D:\Enum>javac ¥ java ‘enum ¥ implements X
Y.java:3:cannotinherit from finalx | {}
class V extends X aaa
¥.java:3: enum types are not extensible
class Y extends X
{invalid
Java.lang.Enum: Every enum in java is the direct child class of java.lang.Enum. The power of
enum is inhé
ing from this class only.
aa3
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443 Core java NAGOOR BABU
'* It is abstract class and it is direct child class of “Object class” it implements Serializable
and Comparable.
values() method: Every enum implicitly contains a static values() method to list all constants of
enum.
Example: Beer{] b=Beer.values();
‘ordinal{) method: Within enum the order of constants is important we can specify by its ordinal
value.
© We can find ordinal value(index value) of enum constant by using ordinal() method.
Example: public int ordinal();
Example:
enum Beer
{
KE,KO,RC,FO;
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args{]){
Beer{] b=Beer.values();
for(Beer b1:b)//this is forEach loop.
{
System.out.printin(b14"......."+bLordinal()};
D:\Enum>java Test
kt
‘Specialty of java enum: When compared with old languages enum java’s enum is more
powerful because in addition to constants we can take normal variables, constructors, methods
etc which may not possible in old languages.
Inside enum we can declare main method and even we can invoke enum directly from
the command prompt.
Example:
enum Fish{
GOLD,APOLO,STAR;
public static void iaain(String ares{]){
System.out.printin("enum main() method called");
y
aaa
DURGA SOFT Core java NAGOOR BABU
Output:
D:\Enum>java Fish
enum main() method called
‘¢ Inaddition to constants if we are taking any extra members like methods then the list of
constants should be in the 1* line and should ends with semicolon.
‘© If we are taking any extra member then enum should contain at least one constant. Any
way an empty enum is always valid.
Example:
— Herm X{
lic void methodOne
‘uB.c/ There semicolon mandatory. | ble voH#methodOnel
pubic vel mete AG,
) Walia) (invalid)
ee ‘enura X Jenum X
: Cage :
ee } | publicvoid methodone(
+ twats Wwatie) |} Gyatigy :
Enum vs constructor: Enum can contain constructor. Every enum constant represents an object
of that enum class which is static hence all enum constants will be created at the time of class
loading automatically and hence constructor will be executed at the time of enum class loading
for every enum constants.
Example:
‘enum Beer{
KF,KO,RC,FO;
Beer(){
System.out.printin("Constructor called.");
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args{]}{
Beer b=Beer.KF;
System.out.printin("hello.”"};
y
Output:
D:\Enum>java Test
Constructor called.
Constructor called.
Constructor called.
445,
DURGA SOFT
445 Core java NAGOOR BABU
Constructor called.
Hello.
‘* We can’t create enum object explicitly and hence we can’t invoke constructor directly.
Example:
enum Beer{
KE,KO,RC,FO;
Beer(}{
System.out.printin("constructor called");
}
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args{}){
Beer b=new Beer();
‘System.out.printin(b);
y
Output:
Compile time error.
D:\Enum>javac Test.java
Test java:9: enum types may not be instantiated
Beer b=new Beer();
Example:
lkF==>public static final Beer KF=new Beer();
IkF(100}==>public static final Beer KF=new Beer(100}
enum Beer
{
KF(100), KO(70),RC(65), Fo(90),KALYANI;
int price;
Beer(int price)
this.price=price;
}
Beer()
{
this.pr
}
public int getPrice()
{
return price;
I
=125;
a6
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446 Core java NAGOOR BABU
}
class Test{
public static void main(String args[}}{
Beer[] b=Beer.values();
for(Beer b1:b)
{
System.out.printin(b1+"......"+b1.getPrice());
m
‘* Inside enum we can take both instance and static methods but it is not possible to take
abstract methods.
Gsel:
* Every enum constant represents an object hence whatever the methods we can apply
on the normal objects we can apply the same methods on enum constants also.
Which of the following expressions are valid?
1) Beer.KF==Beer.RC-
2). Beer.KF.equals(Beer.RC)
3) Beer.kF
