MUSIC

OPERA IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Zorilla Theater
 Metropolitan Theater (MET)
 Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)

ORIGINAL PHILIPPINE OPERAS

1. La Loba Negra - (The Black She-Wolf) is a three-act Filipino opera. Acts I and II are based on
history. Act III is based on a legend attributed to Fr. Jose Burgos, one of the three martyred priests
Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora who were executed in Bagumbayan (now Luneta) in 1872.
2. Noli me tangere - was composed by National Artist Felipe Padilla de Leon, with libretto by National
Artist Guillermo Tolentino.
3. El Filibusterismo - was composed by National Artist Felipe Padilla de Leon in 1970, with libretto by
Anthony Morli. It is in three Acts and written in Tagalog.
4. Lola Basyang - is a ballet adaptation of Severino Reyes’ folktales Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang.
5. Rama Hari - translated as King Rama, is the Philippine adaptation of the Indian epic Ramayana set
to music, dance, and drama.

ARTS

Theater Arts - live performers act on stage before a group of audience in a specific place carrying out a
story.

TYPES OF THEATRICAL FORMS

1. Tragedy - a dramatic play portraying the struggle of a strong-willed protagonist against fate, as
predestined by mysterious, divine, social, or psychological forces, culminating in disaster and
usually caused by a flaw in the protagonist’s character.
2. Comedy - a dramatic play of light and humorous character, typically with a cheerful and happy
ending.
3. Drama - a play that is “for real”. The characters represent realistic and everyday people.
4. Melodrama - a dramatic composition characterized by extravagant theatricality and the
dominance of plot and physical action over characterization.

THE ELEMENTS OF ART AS APPLIED TO AN ORIGINAL PERFORMANCE

1. Sound and Music - set for the audience different moods and emotions, provide different effects
to the play that heighten the emotions of the characters and the audience and makes the play more
realistic and exciting.
2. Gesture, Movement, and Dance bodily movements or actions that express emotions, character,
and narrative actions with accompanying sound or music. Every single gesture, movement or
dance step conveys a meaning or message.
3. Costume, Mask, Makeup, and Accessories - These comprise the visual effects, of which the
main function is to enhance visibility and aesthetic value. They help make the character appear
realistic according to the role he/she portrays.
4. Spectacle - something exhibited for view as something unusual, notable, or entertaining,
especially an eye-catching or dramatic public display which may be regarded as impressive and
breathtaking and on stage if visual, lighting, sound, music, costumes, dance, and special effects
are properly manifested.

EXAMPLES OF PHILIPPINE PLAYS

 1. Sarswela - It is a type of melodrama in three acts where pieces are both spoken and sung. Aside
from being a significant part of the Philippine history, it was also employed as a tool to fight
against colonization.
2. Epic Poetry - Dating back to the pre-colonial period and commonly presented during festivals
and gatherings, it is considered by scholars to be the highest point of Filipino folk literature. The
usual topics are romance and adventure.
3. Duplo - It is a poetic debate presented through song and dance originating from indigenous
courtship customs. In this type of play, poets use proverbs and riddles to present their suit to the
woman of their choice.
4. Moro Moro - one of the most popular types of theater that and depicts the conflicts between the
Moros and the Christians. Themes like love, and vengeance, and religion predominate.
5. Senakulo - It is also known as Passion play. This dramatization of the life and death of Jesus
Christ has been a part of the lives of the Catholics and is celebrated during Holy Week.
6. Traditional Folkdance - It is one of the oldest forms of theater and thus an important part of our
heritage today. These are dances that reflect the lives of the people in a certain place or region and
describe their culture and origin.
7. Bodabil It is Vaudeville of American origin that became uniquely Filipino with the localization of
the name, Bodabil. It is a variety show consisting of musical numbers and comedic and dramatic
skits with songs and dances. It was popularized by Filipino artists like Dolphy, Anita Linda, and
Atang dela Rama.

DIFFERENT ROLES IN PLAY PRODUCTION

1. Producer - oversee the overall
aspects of the production. He or
she is responsible to the
financial and managerial
functions of the production.
2. Director - provides the overall
vision and guidance of a
performance, ensuring that all
elements are unified, and that
production runs smoothly. The
director works closely with the
design and production teams
and sometimes with the
playwright to hone the vision
and define the production
schedule.
3. Playwright - develops the
concepts and puts them into
script plays. The script forms
the basis of the entire
production.
4. Production Manager - overseeing the crews for the sets and props, the sound and music, the
lighting, and the costumes.
5. Set Designer - he/she designs and supervises the construction of the set (or sets) that will be the
physical world of the play’s characters.
6. Lighting Designer - he/she uses colored lights or filters, as well as special effects such as
increasing or lowering the brightness of light, creating flickering effects, and synchs them to
create the mood and atmosphere.
 7. Costume Designer - create the actors’ costumes or outfits that are suitable to their characters.
The costume designer looks into the time and setting of the script to make the look of the
characters more believable.
8. Sound Designer - serves a vital role in creating and enhancing the atmosphere of the
performance. He or she is responsible in incorporating sound effects to create the right balance of
sound, the tempo, and overall effect of the production.
9. Technical Director - oversees all the instructions relating to lighting and sounds. During the
technical rehearsals, the technical director notes all the cues, errors, and other issues to iron them
out before the actual production.
10. Stage Manager - oversees all the director’s instructions- from costumes to make up, and from set
to the actors and actresses.
11. Choreographer - responsible with the dance steps that are suitable for the dance numbers of the
production. In case there are fight scenes, he or she will choreograph the scenes in accordance
with the director’s vision and ensure safety for the actors and actresses.
12. Makeup Designer - works closely with the costume designer to achieve a suitable look. The
makeup designer makes the actors look real and believable based on their emotions, age,
personality as well as the time and place of the events of the play.

Visual Components of Stage Play - things that appeal and give a sensory experience to the audience
such as the stage setting, lighting, costume, and props.
1. Stage Settings - create an environment that will bring the script to life. It includes the use of
composition in art such as line, mass, color, form, and unity that allows the movements of the
performers in space.
2. Lighting Design - it contributes to the overall mood of the performance. The functions of light in
play include mood and illusion, structure and rhythm, and lighting motivation.
3. Costume Design - used by the performers that helps convey meanings, time periods and
historical context. It shows vital scenes and the relationship between people, showing, a particular
period, weather, or location of the scene; revealing the characters portrayed by the performers.
4. Properties/Props - include the stage props and hand props that are used as part of the scene
setting. The stage props may include jar, lampshades, furniture, pictures, chairs, and tables, and
many more.

Choreography - is the art of creating dance patterns and movements to form a dance routine.

ELEMENTS OF CHOREOGRAPHY
1. Body - different parts of the body such as the arms and head in creating forms, lines and shapes to
express emotions.
2. Action/Movement - any movement or action of a dancer like facial expressions, gestures, and
pauses. It can be done in one place or done as the body moves through space, locomotor or non-
locomotor.
3. Time - refers to a dance’s rhythm, pulse, speed, and cut short of movements. A dance
performance has its beginning and end.
4. Energy - describes how a dancer is moving. It helps the audience to identify the emotions and
intentions of a dancer. For example, a dancer may move forcefully, gracefully, softy, smoothly or
energetically.
 Force – This is the power in which a dancer performs a routine.
 Flow – This is the energy used by the dancer to perform a movement.
5. Space – This refers to the area where a dancer performs and how he or she moves through the
area.
 Placement - It is where a dancer’s body is positioned on stage.
  Formation - This is the area where a group of dancers occupies.
 Focus - This is where a dancer is looking.
 Direction/Pathway - It is where a dancer shall move.
 Level - Movements can be performed at different levels. As the level of movement changes,
the body creates different effects.

ELEMENTS OF CHOREOGRAPHY THAT ADD COMPLEXITY

1. Repetition - repeating the steps or patterns and movements.
2. Transitions - movements that connect a step to another step.
3. Contrast - the use of different steps or patterns.
4. Sequence - refers to the flow or order of steps or patterns in a dance.

TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS OF KALINGA

1. Tongatong - bamboo stamping tube
2. Bungkaka - bamboo buzzer
3. Saggeypo - bamboo panpipes
4. Kulitong - polychordal bamboo tube zither
5. Gongsu - flat gong

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Cheer dance - to help motivate and boost the morale of a playing team.

FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN CHEER DANCE

1. Hand Positions
 Bucket  Jazz hands
 Candlestick  Clap
 Blade  Clasp

2. Arm Positions
 Flying V  Dagger
 Low V  K motion
 T motion  L motion
 Half T  Diagonal
 Touchdown  Punch
 Low Touchdown  Overhead
 Muscle Man  Checkmark
 Bow and Arrow  Overhead Clasp
 Box  Lower Clasp

3. Body Positions
 Beginning Stance  Squat
 Cheer Stance  Kneel
 Side Lunge

4. Cheer Dance Jump

 Tuck

5. Tumbling
 Forward Roll  Backward Roll
  Cartwheel  Round Off

BASIC FORMATIONS IN CHEER DANCE

1. Bowling Pin 2. Staggered Line

CHEER LEADER’S NUTRITIONAL NEEDS

What Cheer Leaders Need:

1. Carbohydrates - source of energy.
2. Proteins - rebuild and repair your muscles.
3. Fats - help fill up your body making you feel fuller and faster.

What Cheer Leaders Must Avoid:

1. Fat
 French Fries  Hotdogs
 Potatoes  Candy Bars/Doughnuts

2. Carbonated Beverages
 Soda  Beer

3. High Fiber
 Bran Muffins

HEALTH

Health Career Plan - is an individual action or initiative in making career choice, in growing in chosen
career or in making a career shift which involves a very important discernment.

1. Self-Assessment - this step requires an honest evaluation of yourself. It is necessary for you to
know yourself. You need to understand your capabilities and shortcomings. The components of
this step are your strengths, weaknesses, interests, hobbies, personal experiences, family income,
skills, and competencies.
2. Career Exploration - this stage is about knowing where to look and what to look for. It refers to
searching different careers and work environments that suit you. This step includes listing down
of health career options, conducting informational interview, job shadowing (on-the-job learning),
job temping (short term job), attending internship, and volunteering.
3. Decision Making - you need to consider both current and future goals in life by narrowing down
your choices. This step includes listing of pros and cons, comparing your personal strengths and
interests, choosing a specific health career to pursue, considering suggestion of family, and finally
deciding a health career to take.
4. Plan of Action - identify and organize the necessary steps to achieve your desired goals. This step
includes designing a plan to reach health career goals, identifying short-term and long-term goals,
identifying education and training requirements, developing job search strategies, and creating
road map considering possible problems that may arise along the way.

SELECTING A HEALTH CAREER PATHWAY

RA # 11206 - Secondary School Career Guidance and Counselling Act. Signed by President Rodrigo Roa
Duterte on February 14, 2019

12 Various Health Career Pathways

1. Community Healthcare - specialists in this area focus on the maintenance, protection, and
improvement of the health of all community members.
 Barangay or Community Health  Community Outreach Manager
Worker  Family Advocate
 Health Coach  Peer Counselor
 Community Health Educator  Public Health Aide
2. Dental Health - include chronic mouth and facial pain, oral sores, gum disease, tooth decay and
tooth loss, other diseases and disorders that affect the oral cavity, and risk factors for oral diseases
which include unhealthy diet, tobacco use, harmful alcohol use and poor oral hygiene.
 Dental Hygienist  Dental Nurse
 Dental Assistant  Dental Health Support
 Dentist
3. Disease Prevention and Control - includes immunization, screening of newborns, promotion of
breastfeeding, infant diseases prevention, adolescent healthcare and life skills.
 Community or Barangay Health  Epidemiologist
Worker  Epidemiology Assistant
 Disease Detective  Prevention Specialist
 Nurse
4. Drug Prevention and Control - people whose careers revolve around this area seek to reduce
community and individual problems related to alcohol and drug abuse through evidence-based
programs and policy advocacy.
 Addiction Counselor  Detox Specialist
 Addiction Nurses
5. Emergency Medical Services - include first-aid procedures, emergency medical response and
immediate medical attention.
 Emergency Medical Responder  Emergency Medical Technician
 Emergency Medical Aid  Paramedic
6. Environmental Healthcare Management - establish the correlation between and among the
physical, chemical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the surrounding environment.
 Air Pollution Analyst  Environmental Health Specialist or
 Environmental Health Educator Manager
 Environmental Health Inspector  Environmental Toxicologist
 Groundwater Protection Specialist
7. Health Education - involves assessing individual and community needs, planning, implementing
and evaluating health programs, promoting the understanding of various health-related behaviors
plus coordinating health education services.
 Health Education Specialist  Community Health Educator
 Health Advocate  Social Worker
 Wellness Director
8. Maternal and Child Care - providing information on reproductive health, family planning and
improvement of health delivery system through advocacy, education and research.
 Maternal and Child Health  Community Health Educator
Specialist  Outreach Specialist
 Midwife  Pediatrician
9. Mental Healthcare - dealing with interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships and life skills.
 Psychologist  Mental Health Counselor
 Psychiatric Nurse  Clinical Social Worker
 Psychiatrist  Marriage and Family Therapist
10. Nutritionist - find ways to balance individuals’ food and nutrition and their impact on patient’s
health.
 Nutritionist  Dietitian
  Clinical Dietitian  Nutritional Therapist
 Sports Nutritionist  Nutrition Educator
 Public Health Nutritionist
11. Occupational Safety - careers in this path are related to the safety, health and welfare of people
engaged in work or employment.
 Occupational Health and Safety  Health Inspector
Technician  Industrial Hygienist
12. Personal Healthcare - include monitoring patients, administering and assisting in personal care
and hygiene, performing housekeeping duties, and advising clients on related healthcare issues
like infant care, hygiene and nutrition.
 Physical Therapist  Home Health Aide
 Practical Nurse  Wellness Consultant

Deciding on Appropriate Health Career Paths

S - Strengths
W - Weaknesses
O - Opportunities
T - Threats