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Pages From Transformer Course Lab - 1

The document describes an experiment to determine the polarity and turns ratio of a single-phase transformer. Key steps include: 1) Connecting the transformer in a circuit with voltmeters to measure voltages and determine if polarity is subtractive (V3 < V1) or additive (V3 > V1). 2) Measuring voltages V1 and V2 across the primary and secondary windings, respectively, with an autotransformer to calculate the turns ratio and determine if the transformer is a step-up (V2 > V1) or step-down (V1 > V2). 3) Recording observations and results in a table, with the conclusion being that the turns ratio indicates

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28 views

Pages From Transformer Course Lab - 1

The document describes an experiment to determine the polarity and turns ratio of a single-phase transformer. Key steps include: 1) Connecting the transformer in a circuit with voltmeters to measure voltages and determine if polarity is subtractive (V3 < V1) or additive (V3 > V1). 2) Measuring voltages V1 and V2 across the primary and secondary windings, respectively, with an autotransformer to calculate the turns ratio and determine if the transformer is a step-up (V2 > V1) or step-down (V1 > V2). 3) Recording observations and results in a table, with the conclusion being that the turns ratio indicates

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smuftah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT NO 1

AIM: To find the polarity and turns ratio of a single phase transformer.

APPARATUS: One transformer, two voltmeters, one autotransformer

THEORY:
It is essential to know the relative polarity at any instant of primary and secondary terminals
for making correct connections. When the two transformers are to be connected in parallel to
share the load on the system. The marking is correct if voltage V3 is less than V1. such a polarity
is termed as subtractive polarity. The standard practice is to have subtractive polarity because it
reduces the voltage stress between adjacent loads. In case V3 > V1, the emf induced in primary
and secondary have additive relation and transformer is said to have additive polarity.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

V3
V3

P1 S1
P1 S1

INPUT INPUT
230 230 V2
AC V1 V2 AC
V1

P2 S2 P2 S2

AUTO TIF AUTO TIF


SUB POLARITY ADDITIVE POLARITY

PROCEDURE:

a) Polarity test:
- connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
- Switch on the single phase a.c. supply.
- Record the voltages V1, V2 and V3 .In case V3<V1 polarity is subtractive.
- Repeat the step 3 after connecting terminals A1 and a2 .In case V3> V1 polarity
is additive.
- Switch off the a.c. supply
b) Turn Ratio Test:
- Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
- Switch on the a.c. supply.
- Record voltage V1 across primary and V2 across various tappings of secondary.
- If V1>V2 then transformer is step down.
- If V2> V1 then transformer is step up.
- Switch off a.c. supply.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

SUB-POLARITY ADD-POLARITY TURN RATIO


S.NO. V1 V2 V3=V2-V1 S.NO. V1 V2 V3=V1+V2 S.NO. V1 V2 TURN RATE
V1/V2

RESULT:

If V2>V1 then transformer is step up otherwise step down.

DISCUSSION :

The turns ratio of transformer is greater than one if it is step up


transformer and less than one if it is step down transformer.

PRECAUTIONS
1. All connections should be tight.
2. The circuit should be according to circuit diagram.
3. The power should be on when the circuit is checked completely.

QUIZ:

Q1 What is transformer?
A1 Transformer is a static device which is used to change the level of
voltage or current with out changing the frequency and power .
Q2 What do you mean by turns ratio of transformer?
A2 Turns ratio of a transformer is the ratio of primary turns to
the secondary turns. Q3 What is transformation ratio of
transformer?
A3 Transformation ratio is the ratio of secondary side turns
to primary side turns. Q4 What are the different polarities of
transformer?
A4 Positive and negative polarity.
Q5 What is the condition of additive polarity?
A5 When the sum of voltages is more than individual voltages , then it is
called additive Q6 What is the condition for subtractive polarity.
A6 When the sum of voltages is less than individual voltages ,then it is
called subtractive Q7 What are the different types of transformer?
A7 The different types of transformer are :
step up and step down Q8 What is the use
of autotransformer ?
A8 Autotransformer is used for increasing or decreasing the voltage with
the use of one winding Q9 What is the use of polarity test?
A9 The polarity test is performed to find the positive and negative
polarity of transformer. Q10 What is the transformation ratio of
step-up transformer?
A10 It is always more than unity

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