MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC Dharashiv

EST MICRO PROJECT

SUBMITTED BY-

SR NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLL NO.

1 Suraj Bhagwat 53 2101180370

Thorat

IN GUIDANCE OF
Mrs.Shailaja madam
 Maharashtra State Board of Technical
Education, Mumbai

CERTIFICATE
This is certified that Mr. Thorat Suraj Bhagwat Roll No. 53 of
Semester fifth of Diploma in Computer Engineering has completed
the Micro Project satisfactorily in Environmental Studies(22447)
curriculum. For the Academic year of 2023-2024…as prescribed in
the curriculum.

Place: Dharashiv Enrollment no: 2101180370

Date: Exam seat no:

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

(Mrs.Shailaja madam ) (Prof. Amit.B. Gaikwad) (Prof S.LAndhar)
 Acknowledgement

I woold like to express thanks of gratitude to my teachers

Mrs.Shailaja madam Lecture in Environmental Studies Government
polytechnic Osmanabad. Prof S.L. Andhare Sir who gave opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic “ Environmental Air
pollution ”and special thanks to my which friends which also helped
me into doing a lot of research and I know about so many things. I
am thankful to them.
Also, I would like to thanks to my friends who helped me a lot of
finishing this project which limited time.
Thanks again to all…!! who helped to me in my micro-project.
 INDEX

Sr. Title Page no

No

1 Introduction
2 EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION: -
3 Air Pollution

4 Types of pollution

5 Causes of Air Pollution

6 Noise Pollution

7 Name the harmful pollutants

responsible for polluting the
environment.
8 Necessity of Controlling
Pollution
9 Conclusion
10 Reference
 Introduction
Pollution is the introduction of harmful material into the
environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants.
Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be
created by human activity, such as trash or run of produced by
factories.

Air Pollution Definition

“Air Pollution is the release of pollutants such as gases, particles,
biological molecules, etc. into the air that is harmful to human health
and the environment.”
Aim of Project: -

List of pollution and collect information on how to manage them.

Course Outcomes Addressed

o Study about Environment. o People know
about Pollution.

Proposed Methodology: -
Human activities directly or indirectly affect the environment
adversely. A stone crusher adds a lot of suspended particulate matter
and noise into the atmosphere. Automobiles emit from their tail
pipes oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide and a complex mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons and black
soot which pollute the atmosphere.
Domestic sewage and run off from agricultural fields, laden with
pesticides and fertilizers, pollute water bodies. Effluents from
tanneries contain many harmful chemicals and emit foul smell. These
are only a few examples which show how human activities pollute
the environment.
1] Air Pollution: -
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful material into the
atmosphere, causing damage to living organism and to the
environment.
Some causes that contribute to air pollution are:
• Burning fossil fuels
• Mining operations
• Exhaust gases from industries and factories

What is Air Pollution?

Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the
air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which
affects plants, animals and humans drastically.
There is a certain percentage of gases present in the atmosphere. An
increase or decrease in the composition of these gases is harmful to
survival. This imbalance in the gaseous composition has resulted in an
increase in earth’s temperature, which is known as global warming.

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION: -

effects of air pollution vary based on the kind of pollutant. But

generally, the impact of air pollution ranges from:

 Diseases
Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and heart
diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have increased in
the last few decades. Children living near polluted areas are more
 prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die every year due
to the direct or indirect effects of air pollution.

 Global Warming
Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there is an imbalance in
the gaseous composition of the air. This has led to an increase in
the temperature of the earth. This increase in earth’s temperature
is known as global warming. This has resulted in the melting of
glaciers and an increase in sea levels. Many areas are submerged
underwater.

 Acid Rain
The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as nitrogen
oxides and sulphur oxides in the air. The water droplets combine
with these pollutants, become acidic and fall as acid rain which
damages human, animal and plant life.

 Ozone Layer Depletion

The release of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is the major cause of
depletion of the ozone layer. The depleting ozone layer does not prevent
the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun and causes skin diseases
and eye problems among individuals

How to manage air pollution:

The best way to manage air pollution as followed:
1. Using public transports.
 - Using public transport is a sure short way of contributing to
less air pollution as it provides with less gas and energy, even
carpools contribute to it. In addition to less release of fuels
and gas, using a public transport can also help in saving
money. Lesser vehicles on roads will contribute to lesser
emissions.

2. Turn off the lights when not in use.

- The energy that the lights take also contribute to air
pollution, thus less consumption of electricity can save
energy. Use energy saving fluorescent lights to help the
environment.
3. Recycle and Reuse.
- The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve
resources and use them judicially but also is helpful for air
pollution as it helps in reducing pollution emissions. The
recycled products also take less power to make other
products.

4. No to plastic bags.
- The use of plastic products could be very harmful to the
environment as they take a very long time to decompose,
due to their material made up of oil. The use of paper bags
instead is a better alternative as they decompose easily and
are recyclable.

5. Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner.

 - The usage of AC’s takes a lot of energy and emits a lot of
heat which is bad for the environment. AC’s also take a lot of
power and energy to work as compared to fans.

6. Use filters for chimneys

- The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in homes and
factories are extremely dangerous for air pollution and
harms the air quality severely. The use of filters should be
used at least if the consumption couldn’t be lessened, this
will help to reduce the effect of harmful gases absorbing in
the air.

7. Avoid usage of crackers

- The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one
of the biggest contributors to air pollution, leading to a layer
of smog which is extremely harmful for health. So, practice
of no crackers should be implemented.

 Types of Air Pollutants

There are two types of air pollutants:

 Primary Pollutants
The pollutants that directly cause air pollution are known as primary
pollutants. Sulphur-dioxide emitted from factories is a primary pollutant.

 Secondary Pollutants
The pollutants formed by the intermingling and reaction of primary
pollutants are known as secondary pollutants. Smog, formed by the
intermingling of smoke and fog, is a secondary pollutant
  Causes of Air Pollution
Following are the important causes of air pollution:

Burning of Fossil Fuels

The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of sulphur dioxide.
Carbon monoxide released by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels also
results in air pollution.

Automobiles
The gases emitted from vehicles such as jeeps, trucks, cars, buses, etc.
pollute the environment. These are the major sources of greenhouse
gases and also result in diseases among individuals.

Agricultural Activities
Ammonia is one of the most hazardous gases emitted during agricultural
activities. The insecticides, pesticides and fertilisers emit harmful
chemicals in the atmosphere and contaminate it.

Factories and Industries

Factories and industries are the main source of carbon monoxide, organic
compounds, hydrocarbons and chemicals. These are released into the air,
degrading its quality.

Mining Activities
In the mining process, the minerals below the earth are extracted using
large pieces of equipment. The dust and chemicals released during the
process not only pollute the air, but also deteriorate the health of the
workers and people living in the nearby areas.

Domestic Sources
The household cleaning products and paints contain toxic chemicals that
are released in the air. The smell from the newly painted walls is the
smell of the chemicals present in the paints. It not only pollutes the air
but also affects breathing
Real time examples :

 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor

environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that
modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.

Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and

forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Pollutants of major
public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide,
ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Outdoor and indoor air
pollution cause respiratory and other diseases and are important sources
of morbidity and mortality.

WHO data show that almost all of the global population (99%) breathe air
that exceeds WHO guideline limits and contains high levels
of pollutants, with low- and middle-income countries suffering from the
highest exposures.
  Smoke pollution:
Smoke primarily consists of particles and can include other gaseous
air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and
hydrocarbons that may be toxic. Exposure to smoke can cause health
effects and make existing health conditions worse. Most healthy
children and adults will recover from short-term smoke exposure.
However, certain sensitive populations may experience more severe
acute and chronic symptoms, and even healthy people may
experience symptoms. Wildfires such as the 2017 Thomas Fire can
produce unusually high concentrations of particles over an extended
period of time. If you are experiencing symptoms, contact your
doctor
Conclusion:
Hence, in this project we studied different types of pollutions, it’s
Causes and
How to control Pollution…

Reference :

 Conservation and Environmentalism by Robert C.

 Encyclopedia of Biodiversity by Simon A
 www.Google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.environmentalpollution.in
 www.aqi.in
 www.wikipedia.com

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