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GVC01 Introduction Drive of ComputerTechnology

The document is a lecture plan for a computer graphics course. It includes a list of references and textbooks. It then outlines the topics that will be covered in the course, including a history of computer graphics from the 1960s to modern applications. It discusses early storage capacities and screen resolutions. It also summarizes techniques like ray casting, ray tracing, animation, and image-based rendering. Programming projects are proposed involving image processing, mosaics, and 3D modeling.

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Akshay Saxena
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65 views89 pages

GVC01 Introduction Drive of ComputerTechnology

The document is a lecture plan for a computer graphics course. It includes a list of references and textbooks. It then outlines the topics that will be covered in the course, including a history of computer graphics from the 1960s to modern applications. It discusses early storage capacities and screen resolutions. It also summarizes techniques like ray casting, ray tracing, animation, and image-based rendering. Programming projects are proposed involving image processing, mosaics, and 3D modeling.

Uploaded by

Akshay Saxena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GVC-432

Lecture - 1
Ref: Donald Hearn & M. Pauline Baker ,
Computer Graphics
Foley, van Dam, Feiner & Hughes,
Computer Graphics Principles & Practice

Dr Pavan Chakraborty
IIIT-Allahabad

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


1960 computer

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


2.2 MB in
1966

10 MB in
1960s

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Total number of ascii
values: 128 characters
ASCII is a 7-bit code, meaning
that 128 characters (27) are
defined. The code consists of 33
non-printable and
95 printable characters and
includes both letters, punctuation
marks, numbers and control
characters.
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
The Lost 1984 Video: young
Steve Jobs introduces the
Macintosh

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Macintosh 1984 Promotional Video - with Bill Gates!
IBM PCjr
computer.
Release date
1984

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Screen Resolution: 1024 X 768 pixel RATIO: 1024:768 = 4:3

Screen is made of: 1024 X 768 = 786,432 pixels

Each pixel is coloured by 3 PRIMARY Colours RGB.

Screen Resolution:
Each colour is expressed with an 8 bits Grayscale == 1 Byte
Memory required for RGB Colour Pixel == 3 X 8 = 24 bits = 3
Bytes

Entire Screen: 3 X 786432 = 2359296 Bytes = 2.36 MBytes

The Screen is refreshed at the rate of 50 Frames/sec


Memory speed for rendering :
50 X 2.36 MBytes = 117.96 MB/sec
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Floating-point numbers use the IEEE format. Single-precision
values with float type have 4 bytes

The Screen is refreshed at the rate of 50 Frames/sec


Memory speed for rendering :
50 X 2.36 MBytes = 117.96MB/sec
= 29.49 M FLOPS = 30 M FLOPS
In computing, floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or
flop/s) is a measure of computer performance, useful in fields of
scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

Screen Rendering: 30 M FLOPS

3D Screen Rendering: 60 X 2.36 MBytes = 35 M FLOPS

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Tensor Processing Unit abbreviation TPU
is a custom-built integrated circuit
developed specifically for machine learning
and tailored for TensorFlow

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Why Computer Graphics?
•Movies
•Games
•CAD-CAM
•Simulation
•Virtual reality
•Visualization
•Medical imaging
………

Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Depicting Our World: The Beginning

Prehistoric Painting, Lascaux Cave, France


~ 13,000 -- 15,000 B.C.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Depicting Our World: Middle Ages

The Empress Theodora with her court.


Ravenna, St. Vitale 6th c.
Depicting Our World: Middle Ages

Nuns in Procession. French ms. ca. 1300.


Depicting Our World: Renaissance
North Doors (1424) East Doors (1452)
Lorenzo
Ghiberti
(1378-1455)
Depicting Our World: Renaissance

Piero della Francesca,


The Flagellation (c.1469)
Depicting Our World: Toward Perfection

Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Marriage (c.1434)


Depicting Our World: Toward
Perfection

Lens Based Camera Obscura, 1568


Depicting Our World: Perfection!

Still Life, Louis Jaques Mande Daguerre, 1837


Depicting Our World: Ongoing
Quest

Marc Chagall

Pablo Picasso
Depicting Our World: Ongoing Quest

David Hockney, 1985

Antonio Torralba & Aude Oliva (2002)


Enter Computer Graphics...
Traditional Computer Graphics

3D geometry
projection

Simulati
on
physics GRAPHICS
State of the Art

•Amazingly real
•But so sterile, lifeless, futuristic
The richness of our everyday world

Photo by Svetlana Lazebnik


Beauty in complexity

University Parks, Oxford


Which parts are hard to model?

Photo by Svetlana Lazebnik


People
On the Tube, London

From “Final Fantasy”


Faces / Hair

From “Final Fantasy”

Photo by Joaquin Rosales Gomez


Urban Scenes

Photo of l LA

Virtual LA (SGI)
Nature
River Cherwell, Oxford
The Realism Spectrum
Computational
Computer Graphics Photography
Photography

Realism
Manipulation
Ease of capture

• + easy to create new worlds • + instantly realistic


• + easy to manipulate • + easy to aquire
objects/viewpoint • - very hard to manipulate
• - Very hard to look realistic objects/viewpoint
Antonio’s son cannot walk but he can
Family Photo – Cheaper by the Dozen

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


To Chatla
tla Bil
C h a
To
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Dr. Pavan Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Ray Casting
•For every pixel construct a ray from the eye
–For every object in the scene
•Find intersection with the ray
•Keep if closest

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Ray Casting
•For every pixel construct a ray from the eye
–For every object in the scene
•Find intersection with the ray
•Keep if closest

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Ray Tracing
•Shade (interaction of light and material)
•Secondary rays (shadows, reflection, refraction)

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Animation: Keyframing

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Rigid body dynamics

• Simulate all
external forces and
torques

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
Image-based Rendering
• Use images as inputs and representation
• E.g. Image-based modeling and photo editing
Boh, Chen, Dorsey and Durand 2001

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


The Rendering Pipeline

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Textures and shading

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Antialiasing

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


Programming Project
• Images of the Russian Empire
-- colorizing the
Prokudin-Gorskii photo
collection
Programming Project

• Photo Mosaics

Full screen panoramas (cubic): http://www.panoramas.dk/


Mars: http://www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen3/f2_mars97.html
2003 New Years Eve: http://www.panoramas.dk/fullscreen3/f1.html
Programming Project

• Automatic Mosaic Stitching


Programming Project
• Image Resizing by Scene Carving
Programming Project
• Tour Into the Picture
Programming Project
• Face warping and morphing
PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad


PLAN

Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad

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