QUIZ – 1

C+d
 1) Which scale of measurement is most
appropriate for classifying strands of Bacteria in a
lab?

a) Nominal ----
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio
2. In a patient satisfaction survey, participants are asked
to rate their satisfaction with a treatment plan on a scale
of "Very Dissatisfied," "Dissatisfied," "Neutral,"
"Satisfied," and "Very Satisfied." What scale of
measurement is being used for satisfaction levels?

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal ------
c) Interval
d) Ratio
3. A researcher collects data on the number of hours
students spend studying per week. What scale of
measurement is the "number of hours" variable?

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio ----
4) In a clinical trial, patients are grouped into age
categories such as "Under 30," "30-50," and "Over
50." What scale of measurement is used for age
categories?

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal ----
c) Interval
d) Ratio
5) A study measures the number of years of
education completed by healthcare professionals.
What scale of measurement is used for the "years
of education" variable?

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio ----
QUIZ – 1
A+b
1) What is the term for a numerical measure that
summarizes a sample of data?

a) Parameter
b) Statistic -------
c) Variable
d) Population
2) In a study, researchers want to compare the
effectiveness of three different treatments. What
type of variable would represent the treatment
groups?

a) Nominal ------
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio
3) Which of the following is an example of an
interval variable?

a) Blood type (A, B, AB, O)

b) Temperature (in degrees Celsius) ----
c) Gender (Male or Female)
d) Tumor stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, Stage IV)
4) If a researcher collects data on patients' ages,
what type of variable is "age"?

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio ----
5) What is the key characteristic that distinguishes a
ratio variable from an interval variable?

a) It has a meaningful order.

b) It has consistent intervals.
c) It has a true zero point. -----
d) It represents categorical data.
QUIZ – 2
C+d
1) What is the primary purpose of a t-test in statistics?

a. To compare variances between two groups

b. To compare means between two groups ------

c. To test the normality of data

d. To test for independence in a dataset

2) In a two-sample t-test, what is the alternative hypothesis
typically stating?

a. The means of the two samples are equal

b. The means of the two samples are not equal ------

c. The variances of the two samples are equal

d. The samples are dependent on each other

3) In a one-sample t-test, the null hypothesis typically states:

a. The sample has a mean of zero.

b. The sample comes from a normal distribution.

c. The sample has a specified mean. ------

d. The sample is not significantly different from a population.

4) The degrees of freedom in a t-test are calculated based on
what?

a. The sample size and the number of groups being compared

-----
b. The sample size and the variance of the data

c. The number of groups being compared

d. The alpha level chosen for the test

QUIZ – 2
A+B
1) When conducting a paired t-test, what is a requirement
for the data?

a. The data in each group should be independent of each

other.

b. The data should follow a normal distribution.

c. The data should have equal variances.

d. The data should be related or matched in some way. ------

2) If the p-value obtained in a t-test is less than the chosen
significance level (alpha), what is the typical course of action?

a. Accept the null hypothesis

b. Reject the null hypothesis -----

c. Run additional t-tests

d. Increase the sample size

3) When performing a t-test, what is the critical value?

a. The value of the test statistic

b. The value that separates the critical region from the non-
critical region in the distribution of the test statistic -----

c. The value of the sample mean

d. The standard deviation of the sample

4) What is the key assumption behind the t-test regarding the
distribution of data?

a. Data must be perfectly normally distributed.

b. Data must be uniformly distributed.

c. Data must be symmetrically distributed.

d. Data must be approximately normally distributed. ------

Quiz – 4
C+D
Q1. A group of 5 patients treated with medicine A. First
group is of weight 42,39,38,60 &41 kgs. Second group of
7 patients from the same hospital treated with medicine
B is of weight 38, 42, 56, 64, 68, 69, & 62 kgs?
Which statistical method is the most appropriate one to
test the significance difference between the two means if
the datasets are not normally distributed?
A. t.test
B. Mann-Whitney U test -----------
C. Welch's t-test
D. ANOVA
Q2. Four groups of pateints were subjected to weight loss
medications, weigth of participants where recorded
before and after one month of taking the medication?
Which statistical method is the most appropriate one to
test the significance difference between the mean weight
loss of the groups if the datasets are not normally
distributed?
A. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
B. Mann-Whitney U test
C. Friedman ----
D. Kruskal-Wallis Test
Q3. What is the main assumption to perform t.test ?

A. Normally distributed data and heterogenous variances

B. Skewed data and homogenous variances
C. Homogenous variances and normally distributed data ----
D. Equal variances and skewed data
Q4. F-test is performed to ?

A. Test the significancy of the difference between two means

B. Test the significancy of the difference of more than two
groups---
C. Test the significancy of the difference between more than
two variances
D. Test the significancy of the difference between two
variances -----------
Quiz – 4
A+B
Q1. Two groups of patients were administered two treatments of atrial
fibrillation, mean effect of the first group (8 patients) was 105 with a
variance of 10, And mean effect of the second group (6 patients) was
112 with a variance of 50, what is the critical F-value?

A. 4.8759
B. 4.1468
C. 3.9715------ 4.5337
D. 3.5806
Q2. Two groups of patients were administered two treatments of atrial
fibrillation, mean effect of the first group (8 patients) was 105 with a
variance of 10, And mean effect of the second group (6 patients) was
112 with a variance of 50, are the variances equal, why?

A. No, var1 (10), var2 (50)

B. Yes, F-value < F-critical
C. No, F-value > F- critical-----
D. No, F-value < F- critical 4.5337
Q3. Two groups of patients were administered two treatments of atrial
fibrillation, mean effect of the first group (8 patients) was 105 with a
variance of 10, And mean effect of the second group (6 patients) was
112 with a variance of 50, are the data normally distributed, why?

A. Not obvious -----

B. Yes, F-calculated < F-critical
C. No, F-value > F- critical
4.5337
D. No, Groups are not equal
Q4. Two groups of patients were administered two treatments of atrial
fibrillation, mean effect of the first group (8 patients) was 105 with a
variance of 10, And mean effect of the second group (6 patients) was
112 with a variance of 50, are the means equal, why?
A. Yes, mean1 (105) mean2 (112)
B. No, differences in means and variances
C. Means need to be compared first----
D. No, differences in group size
4.5337
Quiz -4a
C+D
Q1. Overall, rats that received a drug took longer to find their way out of a maze
than rats that received a placebo, F (1, 57) = 7.23, p < 0.05; the drug had a large
effect on albino rats and virtually no effect on wild-bred rats, F (1, 57) = 11.01, p <
0.05. However, there was no overall difference in the time of albino rats
compared to that of wild-bred rats, F (1, 57) = 1.11, p > 0.10. Which effect(s) must
be present for these results to be true?

A. Interaction effect of drug and rat species

B. Main effect of drug and an interaction of drug and rat species --------
C. Interaction effect of drug and placebo
D. Main effect of rat species
Q2. Suppose you want to study the effect of sugar on memory for words. You
have three groups in your experiment, sugar, a little sugar and no sugar. Each
participant only participates in one condition of the experiment. The data
collected from each group are as shown above.

Calculate the degree of freedom for the test.

A. 12, 2
B. 2, 12 -----------
C. 3, 15
D. 15, 3
Q3. What must you include when reporting an ANOVA?

A. P value

B. Means

C. F statistic

D. All of these --------------

Q4. How many levels must there be in one
independent variable for an ANOVA to be
used?

A. 3 ------
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
Q5. In ANOVA with 4 groups and a total sample
size of 65, the computed F statistic is 2.53. In this
case, the p-value is:

A) exactly 0.05
B) much less than 0.05
C) much greater than 0.05
D) none of the above ------------
Quiz -4a
A+B
Q1. In an ANOVA, we find that the p-value is 0.003.
We therefore conclude that:
A) there is no statistical evidence that any
population mean is different from any other
B) no two population means are equal
C) no two variances are equal
D) there is strong statistical evidence that not
all the population means are equal -----------------
Q2. In a recent study, a researcher discovered that performance on a
spatial memory task is related to the number of hours that participants
slept for the night before doing the task, but this effect was stronger for
participants with existing low spatial skills and much smaller for
participants with existing high spatial skills. What kind of effect is this?

a. A main effect
b. A post-hoc effect
c. An interaction ----------------
d. A mediation
Q3. Which of the following is true about conducting a two-way
ANOVA?

a. Test for an interaction effect occurs after the main effects have been
found to be statistically significant.
b. Test for main effects occurs if the interaction is found to be
statistically significant.
c. Multiple comparisons between different groups are done only if
there is a significant main effect or interaction involved. ----------
d. You should first conduct multiple comparisons in the form of t tests
on all pairs of groups, then decided whether to conduct the ANOVA
based on the pattern of statistical significance.
Q4. Overall, children did not remember more words than adults on a memory
test, F (1, 153) = 3.00, p > 0.10, and participants listening to music during the
test did not remember more words than those not listening to music, F (1, 153)
= 1.98, p > 0.10. However, listening to music significantly aided the children in
remembering the words, while it hindered the adults in remembering the
words, F (1, 153) = 12.73, p < 0.05. Which effect(s) must be present in this
study for these results to be valid?

A. interaction of gender --------------------

B. interaction of age and music --------------------
C. Main effect of music
D. Main effect of age
 Q5. A main effect for a two-way ANOVA is the:

A. Influence of one of the independent variables on the

dependent variable. -------
B. Influence of three independent variables
C. Influence of two dependent variables
D. Influence of three dependent variables