Hashing - III
Instructor: Ashok Singh Sairam
Lecture Plan
• Double Hashing (continued from previous lecture)
• #Probes required for
§ Unsuccessful Search
§ Insertion
§ Successful retrieval
• Perfect Hashing
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Open addressing methods – contd.
• We will examine three common techniques used
to compute the probe sequences required for
open addressing
1. Linear probing
2. Quadratic probing
3. Double hashing
• Note: None of these methods can generate more
than m2 different probing sequences!
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Double Hashing
• One of the best methods available for open addressing
where both h1 and h2 are auxiliary hash functions
• Initial probe: h1(k)
• Second probe is offset by h2(k) mod m, so on ...
• Advantage: avoids clustering
• Disadvantage: harder to delete an element
• Can generate m2 probe sequences maximum
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Double Hashing: Example
0
h1(k) = k mod 13 1 79
h2(k) = 1+ (k mod 11) 2
3
h(k,i) = (h1(k) + i h2(k) ) mod 13 4 69
• Insert key 14: 5 98
6
h(14,0) = 14 mod 13 = 1 7 72
h(14,1) = (h1(14) + h2(14)) mod 13 8
9 14
= (1 + 4) mod 13 = 5 10
h(14,2) = (h1(14) + 2 h2(14)) mod 13 11 50
12
= (1 + 8) mod 13 = 9
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#Probes for unsuccessful search
•
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#Probes for insertion
•
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#Probes for successful retrieval
•
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•
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Review
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Ex: Linear Probing
• Keys = (10, 22, 31, 4, 15, 28, 17, 88, 59)
• h(k,i)=(h1(k)+i)mod m, given h1(k)=k; m = 11 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Ex: Quadratic Probing
• Keys = (10, 22, 31, 4, 15, 28, 17, 88, 59)
• h(k,i)=(h1(k)+c1i+c2i2) mod m, 0
1
• h1(k)=k ; c1=1; c2=3; m = 11
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Ex: Double Hashing
• Keys = (10, 22, 31, 4, 15, 28, 17, 88, 59)
• h(k,i)=(h1(k)+i h2(k)) mod m, m = 11 0
1
• h1(k)=k; h2(k)=(1 + k) mod 10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Perfect Hashing
•
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Perfect Hashing: The Idea
•
j
U
Level 1 Level 2
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Perfect Hashing: Example
•
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Probability of collision
•
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Exercise
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