Geopro 10 Ground Penetrating Radar Manual-2022

Geopro 10 Ground Penetrating Radar
Manual
Geomative Co., Ltd.
www.geomative.com
The information of this manual is protected by copyright, any part of this
manual is not allowed to photocopy or reprint in any way without written
permission. The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior
notice. Our company has the right and obligation to explain for this manual,
and provide corresponding technical supports, but we are not responsible for
any loss caused by user’s misunderstanding.
Other products and company names mentioned in this manual may be

trademarks of their respective owners.
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Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Unpacking Your System ............................................................................................ 3
1.2 General Description .....................................................................................................4
1.3 Cautions and Warnings ............................................................................................. 8
Chapter 2: Hardware Connection and System Introduction .......................................9
2.1 Hardware Connection ................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Main Interface .............................................................................................................11
2.2.1 Parameters Adjustment Window .............................................................12
2.2.2 Two-Dimensional Image Display Window ...........................................30
2.2.3 Single Waveform Display Window ......................................................... 31
2.2.4 Status Bar ..........................................................................................................31
Chapter 3: Data Collection, Playback, Transmission and Clearing ......................... 33
3.1 Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 33
3.2 Playback ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.3 Data Transfer and Clearing .................................................................................... 37
Appendix A .................................................................................................................................. 39
Appendix B ...................................................................................................................................40
Appendix C .................................................................................................................................. 40
Appendix D ..................................................................................................................................43
Appendix E ...................................................................................................................................44
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Unpacking Your System
Thank you for purchasing the Geopro 10 ground penetrating radar (hereafter
referred to Geopro 10). A packing list is included with your shipment that
identifies all of the items that are in you order. You should check your shipment
against the packing list upon receipt of your shipment. If you find an item is
missing or was damaged during the shipment, please call or fax your sales
representative to immediately report the problem.
Your Geopro 10 system contains the following items:

(1) 1-Digital Control Unit (Geopro 10) with preloaded operating system
(2) 1-Transit Case
(3) 2-Batteries
(4) 1-Charger
(5) 1-Operation Manual
(6) 1-Geopro Studio post-Processing Software
(7) 1-USB Drive (include Electronic Operation Manual and Geopro Studio)
Your choice of antenna, cables and other accessories is available for an

additional purchase.
Fig. 1 Geopro 10 Host and Related Accessories
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1.2 General Description
Geopro 10 is a portable ground penetrating radar system that is

compatible with all GDR series antennas. This system is widely used in the fields
=of transportation, municipal affairs, water conservancy, archaeology and
military affairs. The various components of Geopro 10 are described below.
The major features of the control unit are the Keypad, 10.4 inch LED display
with 1024 by 768 pixel resolution, USB 2.0, Serial Port I/O, Master Control Port
and Battery slot.
The battery slot is on the right side of the unit, as shown in fig. 2, when
locking the battery slot cover, it is need to rotate the latch clockwise, when
opening, it is need to rotate the latch counterclockwise until the latch is loose.
Fig. 2 Geopro 10 Battery Cover and Lock Latch
The battery slot accepts the 11.1v Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery

provided. The battery with fully charged can work approximately three hours.
The charger can charge two batteries at the same time. Time recharge a battery
is approximately two and half to three hours.
Note: Be sure to keep the battery cover on the right of unit closed and
secured while in use to ensure that no dirt and water enter the interior.
Top of Host
On the top edge of the host unit, the Geopro 10 has three connectors. As
shown in fig.3, from left to right:
(1) USB 2.0 port;
(2) Serial I/O (R232);
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(3) Main control port (female head of 8 pins).
Fig. 3 The Top of Geopro 10 Host
Main Control Port

This port outputs radar control signals and inputs echo signals. The plug
(male) of main control cable connects with Geopro 10’s main control port
(female) and another plug (female) connects with antenna’s main control port
(male).
Serial I/O (R232)

This is standard serial connection that can be used to establish
communication with a GPS device.
USB 2.0 port
This port is used to connect a variety of USB peripherals, such as a mouse
keyboard and memory device. The internal memory capacity of Geopro 10 if
approximately 128 gigabytes.
Right Side of Host
Battery slot
The battery slot features a release arm, or latch, to secure the battery when
one is inserted. The slot has an eject spring to eject the battery when the latch is
released.
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Fig. 4 Release Arm in Battery Slot
Front of Host
Keypad
The keyboard of the Geopro 10 is composed of 10 function buttons with
indicator light. All functions such as radar parameter adjustment, real-time
processing, data transmission and storage are completed by this 10 function
keys.
Fig .5 The Front of Geopro 10
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Power Button
This button turns the Geopro 10 on and off. To start up the system, insert a
battery, press and hold the power button for approximately four seconds, then
all the button indicator lights are on and the main interface will be started.
When the system is turned on, the indicator light of Power button will flash blue,
and other indicator lights will flash white. To turn the system off press and hold
the power button for approximately four seconds until the screen turns black,
then all the button indicator lights are off.
Directional Button
This grouping of five buttons are located right below the Power button,
they are Up, Down, Left, Right and Enter button. These buttons allow you to
switch between menus, make selections and confirmations.
(1) Switch between menus by pressing the Up and Down buttons;

(2) Pressing the Enter button either toggles between On/Off options;
(3) Modify the menu setting by using either the Up, Down, Left, or Right
buttons. After modifying the option, a second press of the Enter button locks
the selection;
(4) The Left and Right buttons toggle the order of magnitude of the selected
value. When adjusting the window, the Left button for the ones place, Right for
the tens place. When adjusting the Zero position the Left button is for the
decimal place, and Right button for the ones place;
(5) Pressing Right button to open the second level menu.
TAB/Marker Button
This multiplex button is located below the Directional button to realize the
function of TAB and Mark.
(1) In the interface of adjusting parameters and transferring data, this
button realizes the function of TAB.
(2) In the interface of saving data, this function button is Marker. The user
can mark the data according to the set horizontal position or the know
abnormal target position, such as stake mark, pipeline, etc, so as to facilitate the
later data processing and abnormal target searching.
(3) In the point mode, this button is the point measurement command key,
and pressing this button once will collect one scan of the current data.
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Save Button
This button is located below the TAB/Marker button to realize the function
of data saving. Pressing this button to start saving data and long pressing this
button for 2 seconds to end the saving.
Pause Button
This button is located below the Save button to realize the function of
pause and cancel pause.
(1) During the data saving, the user can press this button to pause data
collection, and then press this button to continue.
(2) During the data playback, the user can press this button to pause the data
playback, and then press again to continue.
Playback Button
This button is located below the Pause button to realize the function of
playback. Pressing this button to enter the playback interface, using the
Directional button to select and determine the required files. During the
process of playback, user can use the Up and Down buttons to adjust the speed
of playback, and use the Left and Right buttons to adjust the rolling direction.
Please refer to section 3.2 playback for specific operation. At the end of
playback, press this button to exit the playback interface.
1.3 Cautions and Warnings
(1) The Display Screen

Do not use alcohol to clean the display screen as this may damage the
rubber gasket around the screen. We recommend using warm water or
Windex(or other ammonia-based) cleaner to clean the display screen.
(2) Power off before connecting/disconnecting an antenna

We recommend turning off the Geopro 10 before connecting/
disconnecting an-antenna as this may damage the the Geopro 10 control unit.
(3) Weatherproofing
When all connections are covered correctly made the Geopro 10 is IP65
rated. However if it does get wet or water flowing, immediately power down the
system, open all the connections and leave it for a minimum of 12 hours in a
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warm dry place, and return to factory for maintenance. The Geopro 10 is factory
sealed and no attempt should be made to open it.
(4) USB Ports

USB Post is mainly used for data transmission which is not allowed to
connect with a computer or PC.
(5) Battery
The battery used by Geopro 10 is NL2024 Lithium-Ion battery. During the
using, discharging to 0% is strictly prohibited. When the battery is low or the
alarm is on, it should be charged immediately. When the battery is not use for
long time, it needs to be fully charged for storing, and recharged every three
months. For details please refer to charger manual in appendix E.
Chapter 2: Hardware Connection and System Introduction
In Chapter 2, we will introduce all the hardware connections and the use of
different menus and function buttons during the data acquisition.
2.1 Hardware Connection
Hardware connection for the Geopro 10 is very simple. We will use the
900MHz antennas with control cable and survey wheel for this example. Follow
the steps below:
Connection Between Antenna and Host of Geopro 10

As shown in fig.7, connect the male end of the main control cable to the
main control port of the host, and then connect the female end to the main
control port of the antenna. Attach the survey wheel to the brackets at the back
of the 900MHz antenna with the inner hexagon wrench in the chassis, and then
connect the cable from the survey wheel to the survey port on the top of the
antenna.
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Fig. 6 Schematic Diagram of Main Control Cable Plug
Fig. 7 Geopro 10 Hardware Connection Diagram
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2.2 Main Interface
After the Geopro 10 boots up, firstly user needs to choose two options: “
Default File Name”and“Custom File Name”by Enter button as shown in fig. 8,
then system enters the main interface.
Fig. 8 File Name Options
The main interface consists of four windows: parameter adjustment

window, two-dimensional image display window, single waveform display
window and status bar.
Fig. 9 Geopro 10 System Main Interface
After the antenna is connected, the system automatically identifies the
antenna type and sets the parameters of this antenna. This parameter is
empirical that can meet most survey requirements. The preset parameters of
different types of antennas are shown in appendix A. If the default parameters
cannot meet the current needs, the parameters can be customized and
adjusted. For specific adjustment methods, please refer to the following
sections.
2.2.1 Parameters Adjustment Window
Parameters adjustment window is located at the left side of the main

interface, which consists of Radar Operation menu, real-time process menu,
Display & Output menu and System & Settings menu.
2.2.1.1 Radar Operation Menu
The radar operation menu consists of 14 sub-menu: Enable Radar, Collect

Mode, Samples/Scan, Time Range, Depth Range, Scans/Second, Zero Position，
Dielectric, Soil Type, Gain Mode, Survey Wheel Calibration, Default Setup, Save
Setup, Recall Setup.
Fig. 10 Radar Operation Menu
Enable Radar
This sub-menu controls Geopro 10 ground penetrating radar system on
and off. If the antenna is connected, the radar will be automatically turned on.
Collect Mode
There are three modes for choosing from: Time Mode, Distance Mode and
Point Mode.
Time Mode
In time-based data collection, the radar records at equal time interval, and
this time interval can be changed by adjusting the Scans/Second in radar
parameters. For example, the scan speed is 64 Scans/Second, which means that
the radar records 64 scans at the same time interval of 1 second.
Distance Mode
In distance-based data collection, the antenna needs to be equipped with
survey wheel, and the radar records at equal distance interval. When selecting
this mode, as shown in fig.11, the options of Pulse Divider and Scan Interval
appear under the menu. Adjusting the numerical value of Pulse Divider, the
system automatically gives the Scan Interval, and the users can customized the
Pulse Divider according to the survey needs. After selecting this mode, the
radar collect mode is still in time mode, which is activated only when radar data
is saving. To calibrate the survey wheel please refer to Survey Wheel Calibration
of Section 2.2.
Point Mode
Point-based data collection is commonly selected only for very deep
applications or very difficult terrain that is not suitable for time mode. When
selecting this mode, as shown in fig.12, the option of Static Stacking appears
under the menu. This option is to stack the current data to improve the signal
to noise ratio (SNR) and thus increase the survey depth. The users can
customize the stacking times according to the survey needs. After selecting this
mode, the radar collect mode is still in time mode, which is activated only when
radar data is saving. In the data saving interface, the radar will record one scan
every time when the marker button is pressed.
Fig.11 Sub-menu in Distance Mode
Fig. 12 Sub-menu in Point Mode
Samples/Scan
Samples/Scan are the number of acquisition points of a digital-to-analog
converter on a single waveform. The more Samples/Scan you collect, the
smoother the waveform, the better the SNR, the larger the data volume and the
lower the maximum Scans/Second will be.
Users can choose Samples/ Scan from a preset list options of 256, 512,
1024,2048, 4096 or 8192.
We recommend sampling at 512 or 1024 Samples/ Scan for most
applications. The setting criterion of this parameter is that the Samples/ Scan
are 8 times larger than the product of time range and antenna center
frequency.
Time Range
The unit of time range is nanosecond (ns), which is the length of time that
electromagnetic waves travel in both directions by the recording of radar
system. The larger the time range, the deeper the survey depth will be.
(1) It is important to remember that the Time Range is two-way travel time,
so that a range of 50 ns means that the deepest possible reflector is at 25 ns.
(2) A very long range may require a greater number of samples in order to
create enough data dots for the scan waveform. Please refer to Samples/Scan
of section 2.2.
(3) During the adjusting the parameter, when this menu is selected, press
Enter button to enter the menu. Using the Up and Down button to increase and
decrease the time range. If the users need to adjust the time range to a large
number, you can use the Right button to change the value adjustment bit to
ten, and then use the Up and Down button to change the time range. When
fine-tuning is required, press the Left button to switch the value adjustment bit
back to ones, and then use the Up and Down button to adjust the value
according to user’s requirements.
(4) Please refer to Appendix B for a list of common time ranges for
individual antennas.
Depth Range
This is the depth display range of the two-dimensional radar image window
which is related to the time range and the dielectric constant. The
corresponding relationship is as follows:
D= ……………………………………………………… (1)
D is the depth range, W is the time range,and c is the propagation velocity of
electromagnetic wave in air(3×108 m/s), is the dielectric constant of
medium.
Scans/Second
This is the number of data scans collected by the radar system per second.
Users can choose from a preset list options of 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512. Reducing
the Scans/Second can improve the SNR of the system. When the distance mode
is selected, the Scans/Second is automatically set to the maximum
Scans/Second under the current Samples/Scans. For example, if the host is
connected to a 400MHz antenna and the Samples/Scan are set to 512, the
Scans/Second will be automatically selected to 512. The distance of survey
wheel is set at an interval of 2cm, so the maximum working speed of the radar
under this parameter is: 512 scans/second×0.02m×3600seconds=36.864
km/hour, if the moving speed exceeds this speed, the error of the horizontal
distance of the collected data will increase. Therefore, the over-speed alarm
function is set on Geopro 10. As shown in fig. 13, when the alarm interface pops
up,the user should reduce the moving speed to ensure the accuracy of the
data’s horizontal distance information.
This parameter is related to the Samples/Scan, the lager Samples/Scan set,
the smaller the maximum Scans/Second that can be selected, the higher the
SNR will be get, and vice versa.
Fig. 13 Overspeed Alarm Prompt
Zero Position
This parameter is to set the position of the radar echo in the time range.
Usually, the direct coupling wave in the radar echo is placed about 1~5ns below
the beginning of the time range. After the antenna is connected to the host, the
radar system will automatically set this parameter, which can meet the needs of
most applications.
(1) Use the Up and Down buttons to increase and decrease the zero
position. The Up button adjusts the radar echo to move above the time range,
while the Down button adjusts it move below.
(2) If the users need to adjust this parameter in a wide range, you can use
the Left and Right buttons to switch the adjustment bit of the value, the Right
button can be switched to the ones bit,and the Left button can be switched to
the decimal place. This adjustment method is similar to Time Range in section
Dielectric
Dielectric determines the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave
in the material.
(1) Input the dielectric of the current material, the corresponding depth of
surveying can be shown on the right side of the two-dimensional profile.
(2) Values range between 1 and 81.
(3) Higher dielectric values mean slower travel time and shallower
penetration. For example, in air, which has a dielectric of 1, radar wave will
travel at 0.3m per ns.Since the time range is in two-way travel time, 1 ns on the
vertical scale translates to 0.15m. The distance traveled per ns is reduced by the
square root of the dielectric constant. If the dielectric is 9, so that this material
slows down the radar wave by a factor of 3 ( =3 ). The range in this material
is thus 0. 15/3 m=0.05m per ns.
（4）Generally speaking, water raises a material’s dielectric, and surveys
should be performed on dry material whenever possible. Please see Appendix C
for a chart of dielectric values of common materials.
Soil Type
Several different Soil Type options are included on the Geopro 10.
Selecting a Soil Type will automatically update the Dielectric and Depth Range.
Table 1 shows the dielectric of several common material preset on Geopro 10.
Table 1 dielectric of several common materials
Material Dielectric
Pure Water 81.0

Wet Sand 20.0
Dry Sand 4.0
Dry Soil 9.0
Wet Soil 20.0
Rock 8.0
Pavement 6.0
Snow/ Ice 3.0
Gain Mode
In the process of material propagation, the energy of electromagnetic wave
will weaken with the increase of depth, which requires the gain compensation.
The gain compensation types of Geopro 10 include Manual and Automatic.
（1）Manual: Selecting Manual Gain allows you to choose Whole Gain and
Multi-points Gain to add strength to the signal at your own discretion.
（2）Auto: Selecting Auto Gain causes the system to re-initialize and adjust
the time-variable gain curve based on the quality of the current scan.
Whole Gain
In this case, the same gain value is used for energy compensation in the
whole time range. You can use Enter button to select the menu and then use
the Left and Right buttons to decrease and increase. When Whole Gain is
selected, the blue gain curve is straight and the gain value is displayed on the
right side of the gain point. It is suggested that the maximum value after gain
compensation should not exceed the red warning line.
Fig. 14 Single Waveform Display Window
Multi-Points Gain
In this case, segment gain value is used for energy compensation in the
time range. As shown in fig. 14, Geopro 10 provides 9 points gain curve. Gain
value can be set according to the survey requirements by using Enter button to
select the menu, and using the Down and Up buttons to choose the gain points,
and then using the Left and Right buttons to decrease and increase the value of
the gain point. When Multi-Points Gain is selected, the blue gain curve is skew.
Normally the more downward the gain curve is, the greater the gain value will
be. It is suggested that the maximum value after gain compensation should not
exceed the red warning line.
Survey Wheel Calibration

When the antenna installed with survey wheel is connected to the host of
Geopro 10, the host will automatically identify the antenna and the survey
wheel and choose a preset parameter. When the survey wheel is worn or using
the car wheel, it is need to be calibrated. Taking 400MHz antenna with W450
survey wheel as an example, the following calibration steps will be given.
（1） Select calibration distance–The default distance is 10 meters.
However this distance can be changed by users. The longer the calibration
distance the more accurate the calibration should be. As shown in fig.15, here
we set it to 1m.
（2） The starting and ending positions are set on a flat ground, whose
straight-line distance should be consistent with the selected calibration
distance. Here the distance is set to 1m also.
（3） Place the antenna at the starting position, as shown in fig.15-1, press
the Start button, and move the antenna along a straight line at a uniform
speed.
（4） When the antenna reaches the ending position, the radar system
gives the total number of collected scans as shown in fig. 15-2. Pressing the
Stop button to stop, and then the radar system will give the calibrated track
distance as shown in fig.15-3.
Fig. 15 The Interface of Calibration Survey Whee

Table 2 is the factory Settings of different types survey wheel supporting
Geopro 10.
Table 2 Parameters of several types of survey wheel
Mode of Survey Wheel Factory Settings Antenna
100MHz
Perimeter:450mm
W450 200MHz
Pulse Count :500
400MHz
Perimeter:300mm
W300 900MHz
Pulse Count :500
Default Setup
If the user choose this sub-menu, the radar parameters will be restored to
factory Settings. Please see appendix A for those Settings.
Save Setup
The user can adjust the radar parameters by her or his own discretion, if the
parameters are very suitable for the current survey requirements, the
parameters setting can be saved and named. In the future, when encountering
a similar survey project, the parameters setting can be directly loaded to
achieve the best survey effect.
Recall Setup
As mentioned above, when encountering a similar survey project, the
previously saved parameters setting of this type can be recalled to meet the
needs of the current survey.
2.2.1.2 Real-time Process
As shown in fig. 16, the real-time process menu is consists of 6 sub-menus:

Correct Zero-offset, BP-FIR, BP-IIR, Moving Average, BG Removal and Stacking.
This function only performs real-time processing on the currently displayed
data to highlight image features, and generates a field parameter when saving
the data, which is the original data without any processing. User can load the
field parameter into the data when processing with Software Geomative.
Fig. 16 Sub-menu of Parameter Adjustment
Correct Zero-Offset
Due to the existence of amplifier maladjusted voltage in hardware circuit of
the Geopro 10, there is a DC level in the radar echo that causes the echo to
deviate from the mid-line(zero reference line). If the gain compensation is
made, the amplitude of the radar echo will exceed the limit of saturation in one
direction, and the two-dimensional image will show serious color deviation.
This function can remove this DC level and pull the radar echo to the
mid-line(zero reference line). Users can turn this processing option on and off
with the Enter button. Fig. 17 and 18 show the comparison of single waveform
and two-dimensional profile before and after processing.
Fig. 17 Comparison of Single Echo Before and After Zero Deviation Correction
Fig. 18 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Profiles Before and After Zero Deviation

Correction
BP-FIR
The filter can remove interference signal or smooth noise, and different
antennas correspond to different filters. FIR filter has a finite-duration impulse
response, the phase characteristics of the FIR filtered signal and the original
signal are completely consistent, and there is no phase shift. The Geopro 10 has
presets a appropriate filtering parameter, which can meet the needs of the
most surveys. The users can turn on and off this processing option by using the
Enter button. Table 3 shows the default filtering parameters of several Geopro
10 antennas. Fig. 19 is a comparison of the data before FIR filtering and after.
Table 3 Default Filtering Parameters for Several Geopro 10 Antennas
Frequency Filter Type Filter Range
100MHz FIR Band-pass 25MHz~200MHz
Fig. 19 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Profiles Before and After BP-FIR Filter

BP-IIR
IIR filter also know as an infinite response filter, that can remove the
interference but change the shape of the signal. The output signal does not
have good phase consistency with the original signal, but the amplitude
characteristics remain very good. The range of this filter is 1MHz~5000MHz.
Low Frequency: is the low cut-off frequency of the filter. Signals below this
frequency will be removed, usually this value is set to one quarter of the central
frequency.
High Frequency: is the high cut-off frequency of the filter. Signals above this
frequency will be removed, usually this value is set to 2~3 times of the central
frequency.
Moving Average
This option averages the radar data by means of a sliding window, so as to
improve the SNR of signals. The advantage of this processing is that the
processing speed is fast, and without reducing the scan speed. It is widely used
in expressway asphalt layer detection and other fast operation projects.
Selecting this option popups the numeric option(sliding window length), which
the users can increase or decrease by pressing Up or Down button.
BG Removal
Sometimes, horizontal line anomalies appear in the 2-d profile, those
anomalies may be caused by real layer reflections, but they are more likely to
low-frequency noise or antenna ringing. The effect of background removal is to
remove the interference of those horizontal anomalies in 2-d profile. Users can
turn this processing option on and off with the Enter button. Fig. 20 is a
comparison of the data before and after background removal.
Fig. 20 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Profiles Before and After BG Removal
Static Stacking
The radar collects a certain amount of data and then average them
together to output a single scan. This processing can reduces high frequency
interference and random noise, and it mainly used in Point Mode with slow
operation and deep detection. Selecting this option popups the numeric
option(stacking number), which the users can increase or decrease by pressing
Up or Down button.
2.2.1.3 Display & Output
As shown in fig. 16, the display output menu is consists of 6 sub-menus:

Image Type, Color Palette, Fill Type, Horizontal Units, Vertical Units and Theme
Colors.
Image Type
This display Mode includes two types:
(1) Pseudo-Color Map, the most commonly used is applicable to most
survey projects.
(2) Wiggle Map, mainly used in Point measurement mode.
Color Palette
Geopro 10 has 5 options: Grayscale, White-Gray-Orange, Yellow-Gray-Blue,
Purple-Gray-Blue and Blue-Red. Users can choose the color palette according
to their own usage habits. The default is grayscale.
Fill Type
This corresponds to the Wiggle display mode. The user has the option of
Positive Fill and Color Fill. The system defaults it to Positive Fill and the user can
set it according to his or her own usage habits.
Horizontal Units
This function is to switch the horizontal units of the two-dimensional
profile, and the users can choose the number of the scans and the horizontal
distance. When the users select the time mode, the horizontal units at the top
of the two-dimensional data display window is auto switched to the number of
record scans. When the users select the distance mode, it is auto switched to
horizontal distance.
Vertical Units
This function is to switch the vertical units of the two-dimensional profile,
and the users can choose the two-way travel time and probe depth.
Theme Colors
There are two theme colors: White and Black for users to choose.
2.2.1.4 System & Settings
As shown in fig. 15, the System & Settings menu consists of 6 sub-menus:
Copy to USB, Browse Files, Save Setup, System time, Software Upgrade and
About Geopro Studio.
Copy to USB
This function is to copy all the files in the host to the USB flash. There
should be enough storage space on the USB flash to store the data when this
function is performed.
Browse Files
This function is to view the files stored in the host, which can be moved，
copied and deleted. Users pressing Enter button to browse files interface as
shown in fig. 21, using the Up and Down buttons to choose the required files,
and then pressing the Enter button to select files. Users can also select all files
by the Select All button. After the files are selected, the icon of check will
appear before the files, then Users choose to copy, move to USB or delete, at
last press Enter button to complete the above functions.
Fig. 21 Browse File Window

Save Setup
Set the format of the file name to save the data. Users can choose the
Default Mode and Custom Mode.
(1)Default Mode: the default file name of Geopro 10 is file xxx, xxx is
number and the system generates 001, 002, 003… … , when the number
exceeds 999, it will regenerate files of 001, 002, 003… … , and overwrite the
original files of 001, 002, 003… … ,so users should regularly clean up and and
backup files in storage to avoid data loss.
(2)Custom Mode: as shown in fig. 22, the user selects this option, a file
name editing window and soft keyboard will pop up when saving data, and
uses Up and Down buttons to edit the required file name.
Fig. 22 The Interface of Custom File Name

System time
To set the system time, press the Enter button to enter the interface of
setting system time as shown in fig. 23, and then use the Up, Down, Left and
Right buttons to select adjustment items, at last use the Enter button again to
confirm.
Fig. 23 System Time Setting Interface
Software Upgrade
The manufacturer will upgrade the collection software of Geopro 10
regularly. The collection software upgrade is very simple, the steps are as
follows:
（1） First unzip the software update package provided by the
manufacturer, the folder name after unzip is soft. Then copy the whole folder to
the USB flash, and then connect the USB flash to the host.
（2） Select the software upgrade option from the system & Settings
menu as shown in fig.24-1, and use Enter button to confirm the system
upgrade,which is very fast. After the software upgrade, as shown in fig. 24-2,
the system automatically exits the main interface and prompts the device to
restart, and then the software upgrade is successful.
Fig. 24 Software Upgrade Window
2.2.2 Two-Dimensional Image Display Window
As shown in fig. 25, the left side of the two-dimensional image display
window is the time scale corresponding to the time range, and the right side
is the depth scale corresponding to the depth range. The top is the number of
scans in Time Mode, and the horizontal distance in Distance Mode. The middle
section is the two-dimensional image. The window automatically enters the full
screen state when saving and playing back data.
Fig. 25 Two-Dimensional Data Display Window
2.2.3 Single Waveform Display Window
As shown in fig. 14, this window contains such as single echo, gain curve，
gain point, gain value and boundary line.
(1) Adjusting the gain curve can increase and decrease the echo amplitude,
and the gain range of the system is-10dB~160dB.
(2) After the option of segment gain is choosed, you can select the gain
point by using the Up and Down buttons. When the gain point is selected, the
gain point changes from a hollow circle to s solid one, and then use the Left and
Right buttons to adjust the gain value of this selected gain point.
(3) The amplitude between the two red warning lines is 2/3 times that of
the full amplitude, the positive and negative amplitude should not exceed the
warning line when making gain compensation.
2.2.4 Status Bar
As shown in fig. 26, from left to right, the status bar is respectively:
connection status, USB status, host power, remaining space, over-speed alarm
and radar working status bar.
Fig. 26 The Status Bar

(1) connection status: This refers to the connection status between the
antenna and the host. When it is normal, the icon is shown in fig. 25. If it is
abnormal or not connected, the icon i .

(2) USB status: This refers to the connection status between the host and
USB drive. When it is abnormal or not connected, the icon is shown in fig. 25. If
it is normal , the icon is .

(3) Host Power: This displays the current power level of the host. A fully
charged battery can work for about 3hours. When the charge is less than 10%,
as shown in fig. 27, the system will pops up a low power alarm. After low power
alarm, the system can work for about 15 minutes, and please save data
immediately to avoid data loss.
Fig. 27 Low Power Alarm
(4) Remaining Space: The internal memory capacity of Geopro 10 if
approximately 128 gigabytes. This state shows the remaining memory capacity
of the host, when the memory capacity is less than 10 gigabytes, the system will
prompt that there is insufficient space, and users are advised to clean up the
storage space regularly.
(5) Overs-peed Alarm: In the distance mode, when the survey speed of
radar exceeds the maximum scanning speed, the system will prompt
over-speed alarm.
(6) Radar Working Status: This status include the frequency of the antenna
currently connected, the working mode, the name of the data currently saved,
the number of scans or horizontal distance, system time and current speed of
the radar.
Chapter 3: Data Collection, Playback, Transmission and
Clearing
3.1 Data Collection
Data Collection under Distance Mode

Distance mode is the most commonly used, which has the advantages of
accurate horizontal distance and strong trace-ability. In general, there is no
need to manually mark the distance information on the measuring line, but
when the measuring line is long, the accumulated error will increase, resulting
in inaccurate horizontal distance of data. Therefore, in the case of long
measuring line, it is recommended that users adopt the combination of
survey wheel and horizontal mark to get more accurate data. The following
describes the steps of data collection combining distance mode and horizontal
distance:
(1) Lay out the measuring line and mark the distance information on the
measuring line, usually a mark of 10 meters.
(2) Refer to section 2.1 the hardware connection to connect the Geopro 10
radar system. After the connection is completed, press the power button to
start the system. As shown in fig.28, the system automatically identifies the
antenna and sets radar parameters after starting up. If users need to adjust
radar parameters, please refer to section 2.2 for adjustment.
Fig. 28 Geopro 10 Automatically Identifies Antenna and Sets Parameters
(3) Use the Up and Down buttons to select the collection mode, press the
Enter button to open the sub-menu, then use the Up and Down buttons to
select the distance mode, and then press the Enter button to confirm.
(4) Use the Enter button to turn on the option of Pulse Divider and use the
Up and Down buttons to increase and decrease the Pulse Divider value, so as to
adjust the distance between scans. The user sets the distance between scans
according to the needs of survey, and then press the Enter button to confirm. If
the user needs to calibrate the survey wheel, please refer to the section 2.2
calibration survey wheel.
(5) Open the option of real-time processing and select the desired
processing mode. It is recommended that users open the option of Correct
Zero Offset, BP-FIR and Moving average(generally 2~5 times), and the rest are
closed.
(6) Press Save button to enter the data saving interface, and the user can
move the antenna along the measuring line at a uniform speed. During the
collection, when the antenna reaches the marked position, press the Marker
button to add marks to the data. Long press the Save button for about 2
seconds to end this collection. It is recommended that the length of collected
data at one time should not exceed 1G.
(7) Record the file name and the project name.
Data Collection under Time Mode
The time mode is an alternative to the distance mode. You can choose this
mode when there is no survey wheel in the field. Since this mode has no real
horizontal distance information, the user needs to mark the distance on the
measuring line with a measuring tool. When the distance is short, a mark can be
made every 1 meter, when it is long, a mark can be made every 5~10 meters.
The shorter the distance, the more accurate will be. The following describes the
steps of data collection in time mode:
（1）Lay out the measuring line and mark the distance information on the
measuring line as required by the detection. For example, 5 meters or 10
meters to make a sign.
（2）Refer to the section 2.1 hardware connection to connect the Geopro 10
start the system. The system automatically identifies the antenna and sets radar
parameters after starting up. If users need to adjust radar parameters, please
refer to section 2.2 for adjustment.
（3）Use the Up and Down buttons to select the collection mode, press the
select the time mode, and then press the Enter button to confirm.
（4）Adjust the scan speed ,use the Enter button to open the Scans/Second
option. Use the Up and Down buttons to increase or decrease to the desired
scanning speed, and then press the Enter button to confirm. Most survey needs
are usually satisfied with default parameters.
（5）Press Save button to enter the data saving interface, and the user can
（6）Record the file name and the project name.
Data Collection under Point Mode
Point-based data collection is commonly selected only for very deep
applications or very difficult terrain that is not suitable for time mode.The
following describes the steps of data collection in point mode:
(1) Lay out the measuring line and set up the Samples/Scan,for the
geological advance prediction project, the borehole shape measuring line is
arranged on the palm surface with a interval of 5cm.
(2) Refer to the section 2.1 hardware connection to connect the Geopro 10
start the system. The system automatically identifies the antenna and sets radar
parameters after starting up. If users need to adjust radar parameters, please
refer to section 2.2 for adjustment.
(3) Use the Up and Down buttons to select the collection mode, press the
select the point mode, and then press the Enter button to confirm.
(4) Select the Static Stacking, use the Enter button to open this option,then
use the Up and Down buttons to increase or decrease the Static Stacking. The
users set the Static Stacking according to the detection needs(generally 16~32
times),and then press the Enter button to confirm.
(5) Press Save button to enter the data saving interface, and the user can
(6) Record the file name and the project name.
3.2 Playback
The user can play and view the data collected in three different detection
modes. During the playback, the user can pause the data playback, adjust the
playback speed and scroll the data from left to right, the steps as follows:
(1) Press the Playback button to pop up the data browsing interface as
shown in fig. 29, select the data to be played by using the Up and Down
buttons and press the Enter button to play.
(2) When playing back the data, the two-dimensional data display window
will be switch to the full-screen and the data will be scrolled from right to left.
The Up and Down buttons are used to increase or decrease the playback speed,
while the Left and Right buttons are used to adjust the scolling direction, the
Left button is for scrolling to the left and the Right button is for scrolling to the
right.
(3) Press the pause button to pause playback, and then press it again to
continue. When the playing back data is paused, a white cross cursor will
appear in the playback window, The Up and Down buttons can be used for
adjusting the vertical direction of the cursor, while the Left and Right buttons
are used for the horizontal direction.
(4) After the end of data playback, press the Playback button to exit the
playback interface.
Fig. 29 The File Browsing Window in Data Playback
3.3 Data Transfer and Clearing
This section describes how to transfer data from Geopro 10 to a PC for

processing and interpretation, and how to clear unwanted data from system
memory. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Press the Power button to open the Geopro 10 host and insert the U
disk. At this time, the host is not need to connect with an antenna.
(2) After the U disk is inserted, the browse files interface pops up as shown
in fig. 30. Use the Up and Down buttons to select the required files, and the
Enter button to lock the files. After the files are selected, the blue check mark
icons will appear before the files, and then use the Left and Right buttons to
select copy or move to USB. In order to facilitate data transmission for users,
Geopro 10 automatically selects the data collected on the day by default.
(3) Use the Left and Right buttons to select the functions such as: Select All,
Copy to USB, Move to USB, Delete and Close.
(4) In the browse Files interface, use the Up and Down buttons to select the
required files, and the Enter button to lock the files. After the files are selected,
the check icons will appear before the files, and then use the Left and Right
buttons to select delete function. Press the Enter button to delete the selected
file. In the case that the U disk is not connected to the host, you can clear the
data through the browse files function in the System & Settings menu.
Fig. 30 The File Browse Files Window in Data Transmission
Appendix A
Default Settings for Geopro 10 Antennas
Time Scan Signal Repetition Relative Mark

Frequency Samples Range(ns) Speed (scan/s) Position (kHz) Dielectric Extension
100MHz 1024 600 128 -20 100 9 22
200MHz 512 300 128 10 100 9 22
400MHz 512 40 64 0 400 9 11
900MHz 512 25 128 23 400 9 16
1500MHz 256 8 512 12 400 9 11
1600MHz 512 12 256 4 400 9 11
2000MHz 256 8 512 12 400 9 11
Appendix B
Application and Time Range of Geopro 10

Antennas
Typical Maximum Time
Frequency Application
Probing Depth(m) Range(ns)
100MHz Geological Survey,Advanced Forecasting 20 300~600
Tunnel, Highway, Pipeline,Geological

200MHz Survey 8 70~300
400MHz Tunnel, Highway, Pipeline 3 20~100
900MHz Tunnel, Highway 1 20~30
1500MHz Concrete Work, Highway,Bridge 0.5 15~20
1600MHz Concrete Work, Highway,Bridge 0.4 10~15
2000MHz Concrete Work, Highway,Bridge 0.3 10
Appendix C
Dielectric Constant and Wave Velocity of Common Material

Dielectric Velocity
Dielectric Constant Velocity (cm/ns)
Name Constant (cm/ns) Name
Air 1 30 Wet Granite 6.5 11.77
Snow 1.5 24.49 Travertime 8 10.61
Dry Soil 2.5 18.97 Wet Limestone 8 10.61
Dry Clay 4 15 Wet Basalt 8.5 10.29
Dry Sand 4 15 Agricultural Soil 11 9.05
Ice 4 15 Wet Concrete 12.5 8.49
Coal 4.5 14.14 Volcanic 13 8.32
Asphalt 5 13.42 Wet Sand 15 7.75
Dry Granite 5 13.42 Wet Sandy Soil 23.5 6.19
Frozen Wet
Sand/Gravel 5 13.42 Monohydralite 25 6
Dry
5.5 12.79 Wet Clay 27 5.77
Concrete
Dry
5.5 12.79 Musky Coal 61.5 3.83
Limestone
Dry
5.5 12.79 Organic Soil 64 3.75
Sand/Gravel
Potassium 5.5 12.79 Seawater 81 3.33
Dry Sand
6 12.25 Water 81 3.33
Soil
Dry Salt
6 12.25
Mine
Permafrost 6 12.25
Syenite 6 12.25
Wet
6 12.25
Sandstone
Dielectric Velocity
Dielectric Constant Velocity (cm/ns)
Name Constant (cm/ns) Name
Air 1 30 Wet Granite 6.5 11.77
Snow 1.5 24.49 Travertime 8 10.61
Dry Soil 2.5 18.97 Wet Limestone 8 10.61
Dry Clay 4 15 Wet Basalt 8.5 10.29
Dry Sand 4 15 Agricultural Soil 11 9.05
Ice 4 15 Wet Concrete 12.5 8.49
Coal 4.5 14.14 Volcanic 13 8.32
Asphalt 5 13.42 Wet Sand 15 7.75
Dry Granite 5 13.42 Wet Sandy Soil 23.5 6.19
Frozen Wet
Sand/Gravel 5 13.42 Monohydralite 25 6
Dry 5.5 12.79 Wet Clay 27 5.77

Concrete
Dry 5.5 12.79 Musky Coal 61.5 3.83
Limestone
Dry
5.5 12.79 Organic Soil 64 3.75
Sand/Gravel
Potassium 5.5 12.79 Seawater 81 3.33
Dry Sand
6 12.25 Water 81 3.33
Soil
Dry Salt
6 12.25
Mine
Permafrost 6 12.25
Syenite 6 12.25
Wet
6 12.25
Sandstone
Appendix D
Common Terms Used in Geopro 10

Antenna: The Geopro 10 antenna consists of a transmitting and a receiving
antenna, which transmits electromagnetic energy to the medium and receives
reflections of energy from different underground media. The frequency of
Geopro 10 antenna is usually expressed by its center frequency, that
determines the depth of penetration, the size of the object and the resolution.
Attenuation: As electromagnetic waves pass through the medium, their energy
decreases.
Center Frequency: The antenna of Geopro 10 is wide-band antenna, and the
center frequency is the median of the antenna frequency range. The frequency
range of the antenna is 0.5~2 times of the center frequency. For example, the
frequency range of the 100MHz antenna is 50MHz~200MHz.
Gain: The amplitude of radar signal is amplified to reduce the effect of energy
attenuation, so as to highlight the characteristic value of radar signal.
Nanosecond: Abbreviated as ns in English, it is the unit of time for recording
the travel time of electromagnetic wave from transmitting to receiving, and
equal to one billionth of a second.
Two-Way Travel Time: The time taken from the transmitting to the receiving
antenna after the electromagnetic wave is transmitted into the medium.
Antenna Bandwidth: The frequency of energy emitted by the antenna is equal
to 0.5~2 times of the center frequency.
Scan: The radar records a complete reflection from the transmitter to the
receiver, usually a scan is called one track.
Survey Wheel: A device of consisting of a wheel with an integer circumference
and an photoelectric encoder for accurately recording distance information.
Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR): The ratio signal active component to noise, the
higher the value, the better the quality of the data.
Wiggle: It is a method of displaying ground penetrating radar data. In this way,
the data of adjacent scans are placed in the display window in order. This is
often used for seismic exploration.
Appendix E
LHJ 1001 CHARGER INSTRUCTION MANUAL

The LHJ1001 is a standalone dual bay,simultaneous desktop smart,
standard battery charger with the ability to recharge one smart battery packs at
the same time. It works with all Inspired LHJ smart standard packs and hybrids
irrespective of size, shape, voltage, cell chemistry or capacity. After one battery
is been charged complete, another battery will been charged later. This charger
is only charge one battery at the same time. But you can plug two battery to
battery bays before.
Using your Charger

Place the charger on a flat, level surface away from sources of heat and
moisture. Plug the DC connector from the power supply into the back of the
charger and connect the power supply to the mains AC supply using the cable
supplied. All the LEDs will flash momentarily to let you know that power is
present. (Red →yellow→green)
Using the Plastic Spacers

Plastic spacers are supplied to assist in the correct insertion of all of the
different sizes of smart standard packs. To insert a spacer, place the bottom of
the spacer in the rear corner of the battery bay. Place a thumb on the top of the
spacer and push it firmly towards the back of the charger. Correct insertion
should be accompanied by a click as the guides lock into place. The cross
reference of spacers to batteries is given below:
Charging
Place the battery into either battery bay ensuring that the 5-way connector
is fully seated. The LEDs in the status window will provide status information
and the charger will automatically begin charging.
LED Indication
The status of the battery is indicated by the LEDs visible in the status
window:
Green flashing: Battery charging
Green solid: Battery fully charged
Yellow flashing: Battery will be full
Red solid: Cannot know battery or wait for charge(only two bays is full with
two battery) .
Recharge Time
Each bay is completely independent & the LHJ1001 can charge two
batteries simultaneously. Different battery packs require differing recharge
times. The times given below are for a full charge from 0% state of charge & are
valid for all variants and custom hybrids of each battery model.
Battery Recharge Time From

Battery Model
Chemistry Empty (hours)
Nj 1020, WS35 ，NI1030UR ，NI1030 1.5
NB2037, ND2057, ND2037 2

NI- MH
JD1600LP 2
NC2040, NC2560, ND2054, ND2034 2.5
NF2047, NF2040, NF2030, NL2024, NL2044,
3
NL2054,
LI- ION
TY3CGR18650D-2, N9330B-BAT, 72R6893,
NF2040AG24
ND2017, NI2020, NI2040, ND2053,

3.5
Li202s, li202sx , ME202C, M4605A,
CMA-4500
NL2020, NL2050, SM204, LI204SX-66 4
NH2057, NH2054 5
Calibration
Smart battery packs have a highly accurate on board fuel gauge. Under
certain operational conditions this fuel gauge may drift and begin to lose
accuracy. The onboard battery electronics keep a log of this drift and the
LHJ1001 reads this value from the smart battery when the battery is inserted. If
fuel gauge recalibration is recommended by the charger (indicated by a
flashing red LED), Battery inserted on the left battery bays, the user can press
the button on the front of the to initiate a recalibration cycle.

How does the charger know what charge to deliver?
The LHJ1001 charger is capable of sensing and delivering an appropriate
charge to all LHJ NiMH and Li Ion standard battery packs. Upon inserting the
battery into either bay, the battery communicates to the charger over the
SMBus telling the charger what type of cell chemistry it is and what type of
charge regime it needs. The LHJ1001 then configures its output to provide the
charge regime requested by the battery. If no SMBus communications are
issued from the battery, the charger interrogates the thermistor/resistor I.D. pin
on the battery terminal and delivers an appropriate charge.
Compatibility
The LHJ1001 is fully compatible with all LHJ standard battery packs and
their custom hybrids. It can recharge a 12V NiMH NJ1020 and a 3.6V ND2053 Li
Ion battery at the same time. For optimum results we recommend using only
LHJ brand smart batteries. For a full list of all compatible LHJ batteries, please
visit: www.lhj.com
Safety
1. Do not expose the charger or power supply to water or liquids; the case
is not sealed.
2. Do not open the charger or power supply case; no user serviceable parts
are inside.
3. Do not cover the fan exhaust or obstruct the airflow, this will cause
overheating.
4. Use only the manufacturer’s power supply and observe terminal
polarity.
5. Place the charger in a cool spot, away from external heat sources.

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Geopro 10 Ground Penetrating Radar

Geomative Co., Ltd.

Other products and company names mentioned in this manual may be

1.1 Unpacking Your System

Your Geopro 10 system contains the following items:

Your choice of antenna, cables and other accessories is available for an

Fig. 1 Geopro 10 Host and Related Accessories

Geopro 10 is a portable ground penetrating radar system that is

Fig. 2 Geopro 10 Battery Cover and Lock Latch

The battery slot accepts the 11.1v Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery

Fig. 3 The Top of Geopro 10 Host

Main Control Port

Serial I/O (R232)

Right Side of Host

Fig .5 The Front of Geopro 10

(1) Switch between menus by pressing the Up and Down buttons;

1.3 Cautions and Warnings

(1) The Display Screen

(2) Power off before connecting/disconnecting an antenna

(4) USB Ports

Chapter 2: Hardware Connection and System Introduction

2.1 Hardware Connection

Connection Between Antenna and Host of Geopro 10

Fig. 7 Geopro 10 Hardware Connection Diagram

Fig. 8 File Name Options

The main interface consists of four windows: parameter adjustment

2.2.1 Parameters Adjustment Window

Parameters adjustment window is located at the left side of the main

2.2.1.1 Radar Operation Menu

The radar operation menu consists of 14 sub-menu: Enable Radar, Collect

Fig.11 Sub-menu in Distance Mode

Fig. 12 Sub-menu in Point Mode

Fig. 13 Overspeed Alarm Prompt

Pure Water 81.0

Survey Wheel Calibration

Fig. 15 The Interface of Calibration Survey Whee

Table 2 Parameters of several types of survey wheel

Mode of Survey Wheel Factory Settings Antenna

2.2.1.2 Real-time Process

As shown in fig. 16, the real-time process menu is consists of 6 sub-menus:

Fig. 18 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Profiles Before and After Zero Deviation

Frequency Filter Type Filter Range

100MHz FIR Band-pass 25MHz~200MHz

200MHz FIR Band-pass 50MHz~400MHz

400MHz FIR Band-pass 100MHz~800MHz

900MHz FIR Band-pass 225MHz~1800MHz

1600MHz FIR Band-pass 400MHz~3200MHz

2000MHz FIR Band-pass 500MHz~4000MHz

Fig. 19 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Profiles Before and After BP-FIR Filter

As shown in fig. 16, the display output menu is consists of 6 sub-menus:

2.2.1.4 System & Settings

Fig. 21 Browse File Window

Fig. 22 The Interface of Custom File Name

2.2.2 Two-Dimensional Image Display Window

Fig. 25 Two-Dimensional Data Display Window

2.2.4 Status Bar

Fig. 26 The Status Bar

abnormal or not connected, the icon i .

it is normal , the icon is .

3.1 Data Collection