A

PROJECT REPORT ON

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM

Submitted by

Sakshi Ramesh Gosavi (10303320171137210009)

Prajkta Kalyanrao Marudwar (10303320171137210093)

Under The Guidance of

MR.Kunal Kamble

In the partial fulfillment of B. Tech. in Electronics and telecommunication

course of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (Dist.
Raigad) in the academic year 2019-2020.

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University
Lonere-402103

2019-2020
 A
PROJECT REPORT ON

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM

Submitted by

Sakshi Ramesh Gosavi (10303320171137210009)

Prajkta Kalyanrao Marudwar (10303320171137210093)

Under The Guidance of

MR. KUNALKAMBLE

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University
Lonere-402103

2019-2020
 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University
Lonere-402103

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project entitled “AIR POLLUTION MONITORING

SYSTEM ” submitted by SAKSHI RAMESH GOSAVI(PRN-10303320171137210009)
and PRAJKTA KALYANRAO MARUDWAR(PRN-10303320171137210093)is
record of bonafide work carried out by him/her under my guidance in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the award of Degree of B. Tech. in Electronics and Telecommuni-
cation Engineering course of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere
(Dist. Raigad) in the academic year 2019-2020.

Mr.Kunal Kamble
Project guide
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University.

Dr. S. L. Nalbalwar
Associate Professor and Head
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us an immense pleasure to present our report for project on ”AIR POL-
LUTION MONITORING SYSTEM”. The able guidance of all teaching staff of this
department made the study possible. They have been a constant source of encourage-
ment throughout the completion of this project. We would like to express our grateful
Thanks to Dr.S.L.Nalbalwar who has motivated us and Mr.Kunal Kamble who guided
properly for this project. We would also like to thanks sincerely to Electronics and
Telecommunication Department for giving us an opportunity to explore the subject by
conducting this project.

Sakshi Ramesh Gosavi

10303320171137210009
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University.

Prajkta Kalyanrao Marudwar

10303320171137210093
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University.
Abstract

Pollution related deaths increase every year and the leading factor for these deaths is air
pollution. Air pollution is caused due to various elements among which pollution due
to automobiles plays a pivotal role. A prototype for an Environmental Air Pollution
Monitoring System for monitoring the concentrations of major air pollutant gases has
been developed. The system uses low cost air-quality monitoring nodes comprises of low
cost semiconductor gas sensor with Wi-Fi modules. Based on introducing Internet of
Things (IOT) into the field of environmental protection, this paper puts forward a kind
of real-time air pollution monitoring and forecasting system. By using IOT, this system
can reduce the hardware cost into 1/10 as before. Our work considers pollution due to
automobiles and provides a real time solution which not just monitors pollution levels
but also take into consideration control measures for reducing traffic in highly polluted
areas. The solution is provided by a sensor based hardware module which can be placed
along roads. These modules can be placed on lamp posts and they transfer information
about air quality wirelessly to remote server. This information can be used for traffic
control. The proposed system also provides information about air quality through a
mobile application which enables commuters to take up routes where air quality is good.

1
Contents

List of Figures i

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature Review 2

3 Proposed System 4
3.1 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4 Hardware 5
4.1 Circuit Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Components Requried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 NodeMCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3.1 NodeMCU Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3.2 Diagram of NodeMCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3.3 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3.4 Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4 MQ135 Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4.1 MQ135 Sensor Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4.2 Diagram of MQ135 Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.5 Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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5 Software 11
5.1 Thingspeak Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Configuring Arduino IDE to program NodeMCU ESP8266 . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 Code Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.4 Programming the NodeMCU for Air Quality Monitoring . . . . . . . . . 13
5.5 Sending Twitter Notification From ThingSpeak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

6 Applications 14

7 Advantages 15

8 Disadvantages 16

9 Testing and Output 17

10 Conclusion 18

References 19

3
List of Figures

4.1 Circuit diagram of air pollution monitoring system . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.2 NodeMCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 MQ135 Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 Implented Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1
roman

i
Chapter 1

Introduction

With the rapid development of economy, chemical industrial park construction and pro-
duction activity are increasingly frequent, leading to increasing probability of environ-
mental pollution accidents, especially air pollution accident. Affected by meteorological
and geographical conditions, air pollution will be highly clustered in a short time after
happening, causing great harm or even extreme destruction to both human and envi-
ronment. So it is particularly important to set up a real-time air pollution monitoring
system. Using laboratory analysis, conventional air automatic monitoring system has
relatively complex equipment technology, large bulk, unstable operation and high cost.
High cost and large bulk make it impossible for large-scale installation. This system can
only be installed in key monitoring locations of some key enterprises, thus system data
is unavailable to predict overall pollution situation. To overcome defects of traditional
monitoring system and detection methods and reduce test cost, this paper proposes a
method combining IOT technology with environment monitoring. By replacing monitor-
ing equipment in traditional empirical analysis with sensor network in IOC technology,
through which inexpensive sensors can be laid out flexibly in the whole area to monitor
omni-directionally to provide data support for prediction.

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Chapter 2

Literature Review

Some of the existing methodologies for the air pollution monitoring are described as be-
low, In plug and sense device method, it Uses multiple sensors with location co-ordinate,
AQI LED indicator is actuated as per pollution level and the Real time pollution level
visualized using line graph [1].In distributed sensor data computing, it uses distributed
intelligence for the sensor nodes and uses spatial database for locations [2]. In Arduino
based method it uses sensor devices for data,Uses ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for connection
to server, Uses Node.js and Node RED for displaying data on the server side [3].In per-
sonal assessment methods, Biochemical dose assessment methods are used Ex .Biomark-
ers [4].In ZigBee technology, ZigBee transmitters and receivers are used, GPS module is
used for locations for pollution level on map [5]. According to Malaysian Meteorological
Service (MMS)[6], haze is defined as the presence of fine particles(0.1–1.0lm in diameter)
spread at high concentration in atmospheric element, giving an opalescent appearance
characteristic of the atmosphere which in return reduces horizontal visibility. Abundant
supply of pollutants from urban and/or rural area, a stable atmosphere and prolonged
dry weather are thought to be the ideal catalysts for haze formation. Other than that,
wind plays avitalrolein transporting and spreading out the haze. Author Shahid Aliin [7]
claims geographic information system (GIS) as a powerful software that uses location to
visualize and integrate information. By visually detecting spatial patterns which other-
wise would remain concealed in tables and texts, users can identify relationships within a
GIS, making a complex world more instantly understandable. Maps have long performed

2
services on this function, but GIS brings power magnificent computing. In [9] a moni-
toring system is developed which gives the concentration of Carbon-di-oxide of remote
area. The system also report temperature humidity and light intensity of the outdoor
monitoring area. Similarly, an urban CO2 monitoring system presented by author in
[10]. The system operates outdoor at an urban area around 100 square kilometers.

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Chapter 3

Proposed System

3.1 Hardware

3.2 Software

4
Chapter 4

Hardware

4.1 Circuit Diagram

Figure 4.1: Circuit diagram of air pollution monitoring system

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4.2 Components Requried
• NodeMCU

• MQ135 sensor

4.3 NodeMCU
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform.[4][5] It includes firmware which runs on the
ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-
12 module.The term ”NodeMCU” by default refers to the firmware rather than the
development kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based on the eLua
project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source
projects, such as lua-cjson and SPIFFS.NodeMCU v3 is a development board which runs
on the ESP8266 with the Espressif Non-OS SDK, and hardware based on the ESP-12
module. The device features 4MB of flash memory, 80MHz of system clock, around 50k
of usable RAM and an on chip Wifi Transceiver. The NodeMCU v3 device features a 4
MB (32 Mb) flash memory organized in sectors of 4k each. The flash memory address
starts at 0x40200000 and can be read and written from a Zerynth program using the
internal flash module.

4.3.1 NodeMCU Specification

Developer : ESP8266 Opensource Communicatio
Type : Single-board microcontroller
Operating system : XTOS
CPU : ESP8266
Memory : 128kBytes
Storage : 4MBytes
Power By : USB

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Power Voltage : 3v ,5v (used with 3.3v Regulator which inbuilt on Board using Pin VIN)
Code : Arduino Cpp
IDE Used : Arduino IDE .
GPIO : 10

4.3.2 Diagram of NodeMCU

Figure 4.2: NodeMCU

4.3.3 Advantages
• Low energy consumption

• Integrated support for WIFI network

7
 • Reduced size of the board
Low Cost

4.3.4 Disadvantages
• Need to learn a new language and IDE

• Less pinout

4.4 MQ135 Sensor

The MQ-135 Gas sensors are used in air quality control equipments and are suitable
for detecting or measuring of NH3, NOx, Alcohol, Benzene, Smoke, CO2. The MQ-
135 sensor module comes with a Digital Pin which makes this sensor to operate even
without a microcontroller and that comes in handy when you are only trying to detect
one particular gas. If you need to measure the gases in PPM the analog pin need to be
used. The analog pin is TTL driven and works on 5V and so can be used with most
common microcontrollers

4.4.1 MQ135 Sensor Features

• Wide detecting scope

• Fast response and High sensitivity.

• Stable and long life

• Operating Voltage is +5V

• Detect/Measure NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2, etc.

• Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V

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 • Digital output voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)

• Preheat duration 20 seconds

• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor

4.4.2 Diagram of MQ135 Sensor

Figure 4.3: MQ135 Sensor

4.5 Working
We only need to connect only the MQ135 sensor with our ESP NodeMCU board.MQ
135 sensor is 4-pin multi-use sensor. It can be used to sense gas like benzene, alcohol,
smoke. MQ135 sensor has an electrochemical sensor inside it, and this sensor is sensitive
to a range of gasses are used at room temperature. You can also read about the other
IoT sensors if you want to measure a particular gas.
The Vcc pin of MQ135 sensor is connected with Vin pin of NodeMCU, and GND pin
is connected with NodeMCU’s GND pin. While the A0 pin is connected with A0 pin of

9
NodeMCU as shown in the circuit diagram above. The complete set-up will be powered
by the micro-usb port of Node-MCU through a USB cable. I made the connections using
connector wires and it looked like something below

Figure 4.4: Implented Circuit

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Chapter 5

Software

5.1 Thingspeak Setup

This is an open source IoT platform that allows you to aggregate, visualize, and analyze
live data in the cloud. You can control your devices using ThingSpeak, can send data to
ThingSpeak from your devices, and even you can create instant visualizations of live data,
and send alerts using web services like Twitter and Twilio. ThingSpeak has integrated
support from the numerical computing software MATLAB. MATLAB allows ThingSpeak
users to write and execute MATLAB code to perform preprocessing, visualizations, and
analyses. ThingSpeak takes a minimum of 15 seconds to update your readings. In
this project we will be using ThingSpeak to get the value from MQ135 sensor through
NodeMCU and plot a graph with the obtained value against time. We will also tweet from
ThingSpeak if the value from MQ135 reads critical. It is also possible to use ThingSpeak
with Raspberry Pi and ESP32 making it suitable for a wide range of IoT Projects. Follow
the below steps to set-up your ThingSpeak

• Step 1: Sign up only bold To send data to Thingspeak, a Thingspeak account is

required. To do so navigate to Thingspeak website

• Step 2: Create a Channel for Your Data only bold Now as you are logged in your
account, Create a new channel by clicking “New Channel” button.

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 • Step 3: API Key only bold To send data to ThingSpeak, we need a unique API
key, which we will use later in our code to upload the Temperature and Humidity
to ThingSpeak Website. Click on “API Keys” button to get your unique API key
for uploading sensor data. Now copy your “Write API Key.” We will use this API
key in our code.

5.2 Configuring Arduino IDE to program NodeMCU

ESP8266
Here NodeMCU is programmed using Arduino IDE, to do this you have to add NodeMCU
board to Arduino IDE first. So to do this, open Arduino IDE and go to File¿¿Preferences
Then a new window will pop-up in which add the below link in “Additional Board
Manager URL’s” and click “OK Now in your Arduino IDE go to Tools¿¿Board¿¿Boards
Manager And search for “ESP8266”, then install “ESP8266 by ESP8266 community”
package by clicking on ‘Install’ button (I already installed the board that is why the
install button in disabled) It will take a couple of minutes to complete the installation.
Once the installation is complete you will be able to see NodeMCU in your boards list

5.3 Code Explanation

Before starting the code, add the MQ135 sensor library to your Arduino IDE. To do
that, download the MQ135 sensor library zip file from below link. MQ135 Library for
NodeMCU The code starts by including the MQ135 sensor library and ESP8266 wifi
library. MQ135 sensor library is used to read data from MQ135 sensor. After that, enter
the ThingSpeak API key and server address and define the variables that will be used
in the code. After that in Arduino IDE click on Sketch¿ Include Library ¿ Add Zip file.
Select the file and then click Open. Inside the void loop, function air quality will be
measured, and using the .getPPM() function values will be changed into PPM. After
that, these values will be published to several ThingSpeak channel.

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5.4 Programming the NodeMCU for Air Quality Mon-
itoring
Now as our code is ready to upload, connect the NodeMCU with the laptop and choose
the board and port correctly, and then click the Upload button. After uploading the
code, open the serial monitor. Make the baud rate of serial monitor as 115200. You
will see your Wi-Fi Id, password, and PPM values on the serial monitor. Now go to the
ThingSpeak website and check your channel, you will see the current air quality values
in PPM

5.5 Sending Twitter Notification From ThingSpeak

Now our next task is to send a twitter notification whenever the air quality goes down
beyond a certain level. For that, you have to connect your twitter account with ThingS-
peak. To do so, go to your ThingSpeak channel and click on Apps ¿ ThingTweet ¿ Link
Account. In next window enter your twitter username and password and click on ‘Au-
thorize app.’ Now, as you authorized the ThingTweet, it can read and post tweets on
your timeline. Go back to ThingSpeak channel and then click on Apps ¿ React ¿ New
React. In React window fill the details. In condition, tab choose Numeric because we
want to send a tweet for a specific numeric value, in condition tab choose the channel
name, field and select when you want to run the React. Save the React and run the code.
Now, whenever the PPM value goes past 50, it will send a notification to your twitter
account. You can change the notification frequency by changing the Test Frequency. By
using Twitter, you can send notification to everyone. This system can alert the entire
population in a particular locality about their air quality.

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Chapter 6

Applications

• Roadside Pollution Monitoring

• Industrial Perimeter Monitoring

• Site selection for reference monitoring station

• Indoor air quality Monitoring

• To make this data available to common people

14
Chapter 7

Advantages

• The data collected from air quality monitoring helps us assess impacts caused by
poor air quality on public health.

• Air quality data helps us determine if an area is meeting the air quality standards

• The data collected from air quality monitoring would primarily help us identify
polluted areas, the level of pollution and air quality level.

• Air quality monitoring would assist in determining if air pollution control pro-
grammes devised in a locality are working efficiently or not.

• Air quality data helps us understand the mortality rate of any location due to
air pollution. We can also assess and compare the short term and long term dis-
eases/disorders which are a result of air pollution.

• Based upon the data collected control measures can be devised for protection of
environment and health of all living organisms.

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Chapter 8

Disadvantages

Only One sensor is used.

Accurate measure of contaminating gases cannot be detected in ppm.

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Chapter 9

Testing and Output

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Chapter 10

Conclusion

We designed a low cost pollution monitoring system. The semiconductor gas sensors
can be successfully used to monitor the target gas concentrations. The usage of the
semiconductor sensors adds several advantages to a system such as low cost, quick re-
sponse, low maintenance, ability to produce continuous measurements, etc. One major
advantage provided by the system is small size. The gateway node of Wireless Sensor
Network, database server and web server all are packed into a single compact credit sized
Node MCU. This makes the system very portable. In addition, this system allows us
to integrate other hardware components with the NodeMCU as a credit size microcom-
puter. System can be upgraded by adding more sensing nodes. The detailed design and
measurement results demonstrate the usefulness of this system

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References

• www.osumare.com

• www.google.com

• www.iotdesignpro.com

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