CLOUD COMPUTING

Unit-1
Chapter1: Introduction and history of cloud computing, Characteristics and advantages of cloud
computing, Cloud service providers and market overview, Virtualization and its role in cloud
computing.

Chapter 2: Cloud Deployment Models: Public, private, and hybrid cloud models, Comparisons
and selection criteria for deployment models, Case studies and examples of cloud deployments.

Chapter-1

Introduction:

cloud computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote servers that are hosted on
internet instead of computer’s hard drive or local server.

Cloud computing is also referred as Internet based computing.

In other words, we can say that Cloud computing

means on demand delivery of IT resources via the
internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. It provides a
solution of IT infrastructure in low cost

Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,

configuring, and accessing the hardware and software
resources remotely. It offers online data storage,
infrastructure, and application.

Cloud computing offers platform independency, as

the software is not required to be installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our
business applications mobile and collaborative.

History of Cloud Computing

Before Computing was come into existence, client Server Architecture was used where all the
data and control of client resides in Server side. If a single user want to access some data, firstly
user need to connect to the server and after that user will get appropriate access. But it has many
disadvantages. So, After Client Server computing, Distributed Computing was come into
existence, in this type of computing all computers are networked together with the help of this,
user can share their resources when needed. It also has certain limitations. So in order to remove
limitations faced in distributed system, cloud computing was emerged.

• During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at

MIT that “Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like Water and
Electricity.” According to John MacCharty it was a brilliant
idea. But people at that time don’t want to adopt this

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 technology. They thought the technology they are using efficient enough for them. So,
this concept of computing was not appreciated much so and very less will research on it.
But as the time fleet the technology caught the idea after few years this idea is
implemented. So, this is implemented by Salesforce.com in 1999.

• This company started delivering an enterprise application over the internet and this way
the boom of Cloud Computing was started.

• In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon will provide storage,
computation over the internet. In 2006 Amazon will launch Elastic Compute Cloud
Commercial Service which is open for Everybody to use.

• After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing Enterprise
Application as other companies will see the emergence of cloud Computing they also
started providing their cloud services. Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure
and after that other companies like Alibaba, IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces their Cloud
Services. In today the Cloud Computing become very popular and important skill.

Advantages and Dis-Advantages of Cloud Computing

Advantages :

• It is easier to get backup in cloud.

• It allows us easy and quick access stored information anywhere and anytime.
• It allows us to access data via mobile.
• It reduces both hardware ad Software cost, and it is easily maintainable.
• One of the biggest advantage of Cloud Computing is Database Security.

Disadvantages :

• It requires good internet connection.

• User have limited control on the data.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are following characteristics of Cloud Computing.

• Agility :The cloud works in the distributed computing environment. It shares resources among
users and works very fast.

• High availability and reliability :Availability of servers is high and more reliable,
because chances of infrastructure failure are minimal.

• High Scalability :Means "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large scale, without having
engineers for peak loads.

• Multi-Sharing : With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work more
efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure.

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 • Low Cost : By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the services of
cloud computing, IT company need not to set its own infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of
resources.
• Maintenance : Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do not need to
be installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places. So, it reduces the
cost also.

Applications of Cloud Computing

• Online Data Storage

• Backup and Recovery
• Big Data Analysis
• Testing and Development
• Anti-Virus Applications
• Ecommerce Application
• Cloud computing in education
• Cloud Computing in Medical Fields

Evolution of Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is all about renting

computing services. This idea first
came in the 1950s.
• In making cloud computing what it
is today, five technologies played a
vital role.
• These are distributed systems and its
peripherals, virtualization, web 2.0,
service orientation, and utility
computing.

• Distributed Systems:
It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are depicted as a single entity
to the users. The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and also use them
effectively and efficiently. Distributed systems possess characteristics such as scalability,
concurrency, continuous availability, heterogeneity, and independence in failures. But the main
problem with this system was that all the systems were required to be present at the same
geographical location. Thus to solve this problem, distributed computing led to three more types
of computing and they were-Mainframe computing, cluster computing, and grid computing.

• Mainframe computing:
Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and reliable computing
machines. These are responsible for handling large data such as massive input-output operations.
Even today these are used for bulk processing tasks such as online transactions etc. These systems
have almost no downtime with high fault tolerance. After distributed computing, these increased
the processing capabilities of the system. But these were very expensive. To reduce this cost,

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 cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe technology.

• Cluster computing:
In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe computing. Each machine in the
cluster was connected to each other by a network with high bandwidth. These were way cheaper
than those mainframe systems. These were equally capable of high computations. Also, new
nodes could easily be added to the cluster if it was required. Thus, the problem of the cost was
solved to some extent but the problem related to geographical restrictions still pertained. To solve
this, the concept of grid computing was introduced.

• Grid computing:
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that different systems were
placed at entirely different geographical locations and these all were connected via the internet.
These systems belonged to different organizations and thus the grid consisted of heterogeneous
nodes. Although it solved some problems but new problems emerged as the distance between the
nodes increased. The main problem which was encountered was the low availability of high
bandwidth connectivity and with it other network associated issues. Thus. cloud computing is
often referred to as “Successor of grid computing”.

• Virtualization:
It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer over the
hardware which allows the user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the hardware. It is a
key technology used in cloud computing. It is the base on which major cloud computing services
such as Amazon EC2, VMware vCloud, etc work on. Hardware virtualization is still one of the
most common types of virtualization.

• Web 2.0:
It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact with the clients. It is
because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic web pages. It also increases flexibility
among web pages. Popular examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Needless to say, social media is possible because of this technology only. It gained major
popularity in 2004.

• Service orientation:
It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable
applications. Two important concepts were introduced in this computing model. These were
Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software
as a Service (SaaS).

• Utility computing:
It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for services such as compute
services along with other major services such as storage, infrastructure, etc which are provisioned
on a pay-per-use basis.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and event-

driven architecture.

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 Cloud computing architecture is divided into the
following two parts

• Front End
• Back End

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

There are the following components of cloud computing architecture –

1. Client Infrastructure

Client Infrastructure is a Front-end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User

Interface) to interact with the cloud.

2. Application

The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.

3. Service

A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly,

SaaS applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to
download and install these applications. Some important example of SaaS is given below
–

Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) –

It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite similar to SaaS, but the difference
is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but using SaaS, we can access
software over the internet without the need of any platform.

Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift.

iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) –

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 It is also known as cloud infrastructure services. It is responsible for managing
applications data, middleware, and runtime environments.

Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco
Metapod.

4. Runtime Cloud

Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.

5. Storage

Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge
amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.

6. Infrastructure

It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud
infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage,
network devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to
support the cloud computing model.

7. Management

Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud,

storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish coordination
between them.

8. Security

Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security

mechanism in the back end.

9. Internet

The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and
communicate with each other.

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

• It solves latency issues and improves data processing requirements

• It reduces IT operating costs and gives good accessibility to access data and digital tools
• It helps businesses to easily scale up and scale down their cloud resources
• It has a flexibility feature which gives businesses a competitive advantage
• It results in better disaster recovery and provides high security
• It automatically updates its services

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 • It encourages remote working and promotes team
collaboration

Grid Computing:
Grid Computing is a Distributed computing architecture. In grid
computing, resources are used in collaborative pattern, and also in
grid computing, the users do not pay for use.Where a group of computers are connected.To create and
work as one large computing power, storage, database, application, and service.

Advantages Dis-Advantages
• Can solve larger, more complex • Grid software and standards are still
problem in a shorter time. evolving

• Easier to collaborate with other • Non-interactive job submission

organizations.

Make better use of existing hardware. • Confidentiality interrupted

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Utility Computing :
Utility Computing, as name suggests, is a type of computing that provide services and computing
resources to customers. It is basically a facility that is being provided to users on their demand
and charge them for specific usage. It is similar to cloud computing and therefore requires cloud-
like infrastructure.

Advantages:

• The client doesn't have to buy all the hardware, software and licenses needed to do
business. Instead, the client relies on another party to provide these services.
• Utility computing gives companies the option to subscribe to a single service and use the
same suite of software throughout the entire client organization.

Dis-Advantages:

1. Reliability is the primary drawback. Clients that pay for utility computing services may not

receive those services if the company runs into financial difficulties or has equipment problems.

2. Hackers might also target the system. To maintain the system secure, the client must rely on the

provider.

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Soft Computing vs Hard Computing

Cloud Service Provider

1. Amazon Web Service

launched in 2006, AWS is the best cloud service provider leading in the market. It becomes a
major player in AI, database, machine learning, 5G cloud, multi-cloud and serverless
deployments. AWS operates in 20 geographical regions across the world. The company
reported a revenue of 9 billion dollars in Q3 2019.

• AWS offers 175 fully-featured services to meet any kind of business requirements. These
services are database storage, computing power, networking and many more

• You can virtually host any applications, including networks like firewall, DNS, Load
balancing, or even you can have your virtual private cloud.

• AWS applications are scalable, flexible, reliable, secure and trustworthy.

• Easy sign-up and fast deployment. The best thing is there is no upfront cost and you pay
for what you use. It also offers a FREE tier for some of their popular services.

2. Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure was launched in 2010 as Windows Azure, and later in 2014, it was renamed,
Microsoft Azure. It was launched years after the release of AWS and Google cloud but still,
it is the fastest-growing cloud and giving tough competition to AWS and other cloud service
providers. There is a five-year partnership between Microsoft and Disney. In this partnership,
the new method will be developed to move production content to the cloud. Azure has 54
data centers regions across the world available in 140 countries.

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 • Azure offers hundreds of services including AI + Machine Learning, Analytics,
Blockchain, Compute, Containers, Databases, Developer Tools, DevOps, Identity,
Integration, Internet of Things, Management, Media, Microsoft Azure Stack, Migration,
Mixed Reality, Mobile, Networking, Security, Storage, Web, and Windows Virtual
Desktop.

• Microsoft Azure is available with public or private cloud service or hybrid cloud service
consists of both private and public.

• Scalability, consistency, security, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

• Azure supports various operating systems, databases, tools, programming languages and
frameworks.

• 24/7 cooperative team paying attention to their customers. A free trial version of
Microsoft Azure is available for 30 days.

3. Google Cloud
Google cloud is another set of solutions for users to get the benefit of cloud services. If you
are serious about latency to build performance-oriented applications then Google cloud is the
best choice because it includes GCP & G Suite. According to Gardner, the public cloud
services market is forecast to grow 17% in 2020 to $266.4 billion, up from $227.8 billion in
2019. Google cloud has a firm grip over the banking and finance sector. eBay, Snapdeal, and
HSBC are some major clients of Google. In July 2019 VMWare also announced a
partnership with Google cloud which is the biggest collaboration of last year. As of Q1 2020,
Google Cloud Platform is available in 22 regions, 61 zones and 200+ countries.

• It offers a variety of products and services including AI and Machine Learning, API
Management, Compute, Containers, Data Analytics, Databases, Developer Tools,
Healthcare and Life Sciences, Hybrid and Multi-cloud, Internet of Things, Management
Tools, Media and Gaming , Networking, Security and Identityand Storage. Google
products are also offered in the cloud, including G Suite, Google Maps Platform, Google
Hardware, Google Identity,Security, stability, flexibility, scalability and trustworthy.

• GCP offers the cheapest cloud services in the market. It offers $300 in credit to be used in
60 days as a free trial.

• Flexible payment plans based on Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG). Also, the cost only applies if
the codes given by a user run accurately if not, it doesn’t cost any amount.

• Easy migration of data without touching or rewriting any codes.

• Machine learning and the use of API are very easy.

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4. IBM Cloud
Developed by IBM, this cloud service offers another set of solutions to the users to deploy
their applications on the cloud. It offers IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS services via public, private,
hybrid and multi-cloud models. IGM generated 5.3 billion dollars of revenues according to
Q3 2019 which is 6.4 percent higher than the previous quarter. IBM cloud offers
approximately 170 products and services to meet the customer’s business demands. IBM’s
best bets come in the form of the Internet of Things, Cognitive Computing and Blockchain.
Recently IBM has Red Hat, for the delivery of hybrid solutions efficiently. The cloud service
is helping home appliance manufacturers, retailers, and medical supply businesses.

• Computer Network, Storage, Cloud Packs, Management, Security, Database, Analytics,

AI, IoT, Mobile, Dev Tools, Blockchain, Integration, Migration, Private Cloud, and VMware are
some services offered by IBM cloud.
• Users can manage their applications in many coding languages such as Java, Python, Swift,
Php, etc.
• IBM AI helps with its multifunctional ability such as text to speech, detecting language,
machine learning, classification of natural language, etc.
• Costs depends on the usage but free in its lite mode with free access to more than 40 services
by IBM Cloud.
• You can incorporate highly performing cloud communications and services into your IT
environment with the help of IBM Bluemix Cloud platform.

5. Oracle Cloud
Oracle Cloud is an ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) based cloud service that helps you to
build, deploy, and manage workloads in the cloud or on-premises. Oracle has approximately 4,
30, 000 huge numbers of clients around the world. The total revenue generated by Oracle was
around 6.81 billion dollars in 2019.

• Oracle IaaS offerings are Compute, Storage, Networking, Governance, Database, Load
Balancing, DNS Monitoring, Ravello, and FastConnect.IaaS help to run any kind of workload of
an Enterprise.
• Oracle PaaS offerings are Data Management, Application Development, Integration,
Business Analytics, Security, Management, and Content and Enterprise. PaaS helps
developers to develop, connect, secure and share data across the applications.

Virtualization

Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a
server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources".

In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical instance of a
resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations. It does by assigning a
logical name to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical resource when
demanded.

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 • Virtualization allows to run multiple operating systems as virtual machines.
• It allows the virtual system to access the resources of the primary system such as RAM,
ROM, Storage, CPU, Network etc. (dig-copy)

A virtual machine is a virtual representation, or emulation, of a physical computer.

virtual machine is software platform like physical computer that runs operating systems
and apps. Virtual machines posses hardware virtually.

Advantages:

• The number of servers gets reduced by the use of the virtualization concept.
• Improve the ability of technology.
• The business continuity was also raised due to the use of virtualization.
• It creates a mixed virtual environment.
• Increase efficiency for the development and test environment.
• Lowers Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).

Features of Virtualization :

• Partitioning: Multiple virtual servers can run on a physical server at the same time.
• Encapsulation of data: All data on the virtual server, including boot disks, is
encapsulated in a file format.
• Isolation: The Virtual server running on the physical server is safely separated and don't
affect each other.
• Hardware Independence: When the virtual server runs, it can migrate to a different
hardware platform.

Role of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

In cloud computing technology, virtualization plays a very crucial role. Typically, users share the
data in the clouds, such as applications, but with virtualization, users share the Infrastructure.

A single user of a personal computer can access all of the data and computing power of the device.
In contrast, cloud computing involves many users engaging with resources that may be found on
a single physical server.

The primary function of virtualization technology is to give standard versions of applications to

cloud users; if the next version of that application is released, the cloud provider must give those
users the most recent version, which is technically feasible because it is more expensive.

To solve this issue, virtualization technology is being used. With virtualization, all servers and
software programs needed by other cloud providers are maintained by outside parties, who are
paid monthly or annually by the cloud providers.

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Cloud providers employ virtualization to create environments that can fulfill each user’s unique
needs. Cloud providers can spin up more virtual instances to meet demand as more users come in.
Virtualization is an efficient way of managing computing resources, maximizing utilization, and
minimizing downtime.

(types-ppt)

Chapter-2

What is a Cloud Deployment Model?

Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a
deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to
store and who has access to the infrastructure.

Types- Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud, Community Cloud, Multi Cloud

Public Cloud

The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to

access systems and services. The public cloud may be
less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is
one in which cloud infrastructure services are provided
over the internet to the general people or major industry
groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned
by the entity that delivers the cloud services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting
that allows customers and users to easily access systems and services. This form of cloud
computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which service providers supply services
to a variety of customers. In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for
free, as a subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Advantages of the Public Cloud Model

• Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial upfront

fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to resources.
• No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service
providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
• Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not
necessitate infrastructure management.
• No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not users).
• Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand resources are
accessible.

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Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model

• Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no guarantee
of high-level security.
• Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized according to
personal requirements.

Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud deployment model.
It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There is no need to share your
hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private and public clouds is in how you
handle all of the hardware. It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access
systems and services within a given border or organization. The cloud platform is implemented
in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and under the
supervision of an organization’s IT department. The private cloud gives greater flexibility of
control over cloud resources.

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

• Better Control: You are the sole owner

of the property. You gain complete
command over service integration, IT
operations, policies, and user behavior.
• Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable
for storing corporate information to
which only authorized staff have access.
By segmenting resources within the
same infrastructure, improved access and
security can be achieved.
• Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy systems that
are unable to access the public cloud.
• Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a company to
tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.

Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model

• Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is less number of
clients.
• Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.

Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid cloud
computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host the app in a safe
environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings. Organizations can move

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data and applications between different clouds using a
combination of two or more cloud deployment methods,
depending on their needs.

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

• Flexibility and control: Businesses with more

flexibility can design personalized solutions that meet their particular needs.
• Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible for paying for
the extra capacity if you require it.
• Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by attackers are
considerably reduced.

Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

• Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a combination of both

public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
• Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes place through the
public cloud so latency occurs.

Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a
group of organizations. It is a distributed system that is
created by integrating the services of different clouds to
address the specific needs of a community, industry, or
business. The infrastructure of the community could be
shared between the organization which has shared
concerns or tasks. It is generally managed by a third
party or by the combination of one or more organizations in the community.

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

• Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple organizations

or communities.
• Security: Community cloud provides better security.
• Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc. with multiple
organizations.
• Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and data sharing.

Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model

• Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many organizations

share the same resources according to their collaborative interests.
• Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among different
organizations according to their mutual interests if an organization wants some changes

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 according to their needs they cannot do so because it will have an impact on other
organizations.

Multi-Cloud
It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach, which combines public and private cloud
resources. Instead of merging private and public clouds, multi-cloud uses many public
clouds. Although public cloud providers provide numerous tools to improve the reliability of
their services, mishaps still occur. It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an incident
at the same moment. As a result, multi-cloud deployment improves the high availability of your
services even more.

Advantages of the Multi-Cloud Model

• You can mix and match the best features of each cloud provider’s services to suit the
demands of your apps, workloads, and business by choosing different cloud providers.
• Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user experience, you can choose
cloud regions and zones that are close to your clients.
• High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds would have an
incident at the same moment. So, the multi-cloud deployment improves the high
availability of your services.

Right Choice for Cloud Deployment Model?

As of now, no such approach fits picking a cloud deployment model. We will always consider
the best cloud deployment model as per our requirements. Here are some factors which should be
considered before choosing the best deployment model.

• Cost: Cost is an important factor for the cloud deployment model as it tells how much
amount you want to pay for these things.
• Scalability: Scalability tells about the current activity status and how much we can scale
it.
• Easy to use: It tells how much your resources are trained and how easily can you manage
these models.
• Compliance: Compliance tells about the laws and regulations which impact the
implementation of the model.
• Privacy: Privacy tells about what data you gather for the model.

Comparisons b/w all

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selection criteria for deployment models:

Public Cloud
Public cloud is one potential solution of migrating to cloud computing. The following pointers
illustrate the criteria to determine if a public cloud is the right strategy for an organization:

• The organization plans to develop and test applications with scalability requirements
• The technical team within the organization do not have a lot of virtualization or cloud
experience
• The organization does not have capital budget for the project
• The organization needs to get the application up and running quickly
• The organization has to keep the project at minimum cost
• The organization is comfortable making its applications and data available over the
public Internet
• The demand for the cloud service can be highly unpredictable

Private Or Community Cloud

Private or community clouds are another potential solution of migrating to cloud computing. The
following pointers illustrate the criteria to determine if a private or community cloud(on-site or
outsourced) is the right strategy for an organization:

• The organization works with sensitive or confidential information

• The organization has very stringent latency or performance requirements
• The organization needs to adhere to strict compliance regulations and privacy laws
• The organization has a sufficient capital budget to form an internal cloud infrastructure
• The organization has sufficient skills in virtualization and cloud experience
• The organization has a good in-house technical team

Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid clouds are also a potential solution to migrating to cloud computing. The following
pointers illustrate the criteria to determine, if a hybrid cloud is the right strategy for an
organization:

• The organization can entrust their data to the cloud

• The organization can do a niche function cheaper, better or faster
• The organization is not sure about committing to the cloud
• The organization can test cloud provider’s capabilities and support abilities
• The organization needs a temporary solution
• The organization needs lower cost redundancy
• The organization needs analytics immediately

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Models of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing helps in rendering several services according to roles, companies, etc. Cloud
computing models are explained below.

• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

• Platform as a service (PaaS)
• Software as a service (SaaS)

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps in delivering computer infrastructure on an external basis for
supporting operations. Generally, IaaS provides services to networking equipment, devices,
databases, and web servers.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps large organizations, and large enterprises in managing and
building their IT platforms. This infrastructure is flexible according to the needs of the client.

Advantages of IaaS

• IaaS is cost-effective as it eliminates capital expenses.

• IaaS cloud provider provides better security than any other software.
• IaaS provides remote access.

Disadvantages of IaaS

• In IaaS, users have to secure their own data and applications.

• Cloud computing is not accessible in some regions of the World.

2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud computing that helps developers to build applications
and services over the Internet by providing them with a platform.

PaaS helps in maintaining control over their business applications.

Advantages of PaaS

• PaaS is simple and very much convenient for the user as it can be accessed via a web
browser.
• PaaS has the capabilities to efficiently manage the lifecycle.

Disadvantages of PaaS

• PaaS has limited control over infrastructure as they have less control over the environment
and are not able to make some customizations.
• PaaS has a high dependence on the provider.

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3. Software as a service (SaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a type of cloud computing model that is the work of delivering
services and applications over the Internet. The SaaS applications are called Web-Based Software or
Hosted Software.

SaaS has around 60 percent of cloud solutions and due to this, it is mostly preferred by companies.

Advantages of SaaS

• SaaS can access app data from anywhere on the Internet.

• SaaS provides easy access to features and services.

Disadvantages of SaaS

• SaaS solutions have limited customization, which means they have some restrictions within
the platform.
• SaaS has little control over the data of the user.
• SaaS are generally cloud-based, they require a stable internet connection for proper working.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

➢ Cost efficiency: The biggest reason behind companies shifting to Cloud Computing is
that it takes considerably lesser cost than any on-premise technology. Now, companies
need not store data in disks anymore as the cloud offers enormous storage space, saving
money and resources.
➢ High speed: Cloud Computing lets us deploy the service quickly in fewer clicks. This
quick deployment lets us get the resources required for our system within minutes.
➢ Excellent accessibility: Storing information in the cloud allows us to access it anywhere
and anytime regardless of the machine making it a highly accessible and flexible
technology of the present times.
➢ Back-up and restore data: Once data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get its back-up
and recovery, which is quite a time-consuming process in on-premise technology.
➢ Strategic edge: Cloud Computing provides a company with a competitive edge over its
competitors when it comes to accessing the latest and mission-critical applications that it
needs without having to invest its time and money on their installations

Limitations of Cloud Computing

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 ✓ Vulnerability to attacks: Storing data in the cloud may pose serious challenges of
information theft since in the cloud every data of a company is online. Security breach is
something that even the best organizations have suffered from and it’s a potential risk in
the cloud as well.
✓ Network connectivity dependency: Cloud Computing is entirely dependent on the
Internet. This direct tie-up with the Internet means that a company needs to have reliable
and consistent Internet service as well as a fast connection and bandwidth to reap the
benefits of Cloud Computing.
✓ Downtime: Downtime is considered as one of the biggest potential downsides of using
Cloud Computing. The cloud providers may sometimes face technical outages that can
happen due to various reasons, such as loss of power, low Internet connectivity, data
centers going out of service for maintenance, etc. This can lead to a temporary downtime
in the cloud service.
✓ Vendor lock-in: When in need to migrate from one cloud platform to another, a
company might face some serious challenges because of the differences between vendor
platforms. Hosting and running the applications of the current cloud platform on some
other platform may cause support issues, configuration complexities, and additional
expenses.

Risks related to Cloud Computing

These are major issues in Cloud Computing:

Privacy: The user data can be accessed by the host company with or without permission. The
service provider may access the data that is on the cloud at any point in time. They could
accidentally or deliberately alter or even delete information.
Compliance: There are many regulations in places related data and hosting. To comply with
regulations (Federal Information Security Management Act, Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act, etc.) user may have to adopt deployment modes that are expensive.
Security: Cloud-based services involve third-party for storage and security. Can one assume
that a cloud-based company will protect and secure one’s data if one is using their services at a
very low or for free?
They may share user’s information with others. Security presents a real threat to cloud.
Sustainability: This issue refers to minimizing the effect of cloud computing on environment.
Citing the server’s effects on the environmental effects of cloud computing, in areas where
climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily available, the countries with
favorable conditions.
Abuse: While providing cloud services, it should be ascertained that the client is not purchasing
the services of cloud computing for nefarious purpose.

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