Top Software Vulnerabilities of 2022-23 and How to Prevent Them?

Did you know that malware attacks on software have increased by 11% to
reach 2.8 billion in 2022?

This is a staggering rise in security attacks and a huge point of concern for the
industry. For many companies, the security of their software systems becomes
a priority only after they experience a breach.

But it doesn’t have to be that way. If you want to keep your systems secure
and provide users with a safe environment, you need to be conscious of
security flaws. You need to identify common software vulnerabilities that can
hurt your reputation.

Moreover, you also need to find ways to prevent cyber security attacks that
can wreak havoc on your systems and steal sensitive user information.

For the same, we are going to explain the top and most common software
vulnerabilities and how you can prevent them. But before we get into them,
let’s understand what software vulnerability means and what are their
implications:

What are Software Vulnerabilities?

Software vulnerabilities are the security flaws or issues in your software files
or codes using which hackers can compromise and steal data. Sometimes,
these vulnerabilities are hiding in plain sight but go unnoticed due to
inexperience and incompetency.

Even with proper testing and manual code reviews, one cannot always
discover every single vulnerability present in the code. And if they are left
unchecked, these security flaws can easily impact your software’s
performance and safety.

Furthermore, untrustworthy agents can exploit your software products and

gain access to sensitive data through the backdoor to perform unauthorized
actions. This poses the biggest potential security threat to your digital asset.
Today, no software application has immunity from vulnerability and the only
way to avert them is to find and mitigate them as soon as possible.

Microsoft products are the perfect examples of the same as they have a global
ecosystem of software products and vulnerabilities inevitable for them. So, if
someone exploits any Microsoft software, their potential list of targets will
rise significantly.

How Do Software Vulnerabilities Happen?

Primarily, vulnerabilities in software persist due to the sheer negligence of the

software vendor. However, sometimes users make certain changes to the
restricted code files which creates security flaws for the software.

Looking at the vendor side, vulnerabilities get introduced when adding new
features to an existing application. This could lead to integration errors as
well as general glitches and bugs. Moreover, untested upgrades can cause
configuration errors too, and create permission and accessibility flaws.

Any of the errors mentioned can lead to high-security risks like information
disclosure, service denial, tampering with code, spoofing, remote code
execution, and many others. Since there are no such guidelines or
standardized reporting methods for patching, vulnerabilities don’t get
addressed as much as they should.

Another factor that slightly inclines in the favor of hackers is not signing your
software products with code signing certificates. Such digital security
certificates use a cryptographic hash function to protect code from
modification by unauthorized users.

It timestamps the code so that when someone tampers with it, the OS will
alert users for unknown publication.

Recommended: How to Fix Unknown Publisher Security Warning?

What are the Impacts of Software Security Flaws?

In an age where data has gained significant importance, software security

becomes a top priority for every digital business. So, when your software
security is compromised, it can wreak havoc and cause some serious damage.
Here are some of the repercussions you may face:

Impact on Operations:

Attackers can effortlessly gain access to sensitive data and manipulate it for
their own benefit. With multiple attacks on your systems, it becomes easy for
attackers to gain easy access causing several disruptions in your operations.

Impact on Financials:

Another impact of software security flaws is compromised financial details of

users or organizations. Attackers can extract critical banking and transaction
details and use them for their own good.

Impact on Brand Reputation:

If the impact on company operations and finances wasn’t enough, software

vulnerability attacks can damage your reputation. A successful attack can
leave an impression that your security standards are weak and no one would
like to use your products further.

Top Software Vulnerabilities of 2022-23 and How to Prevent them?

Now that we have learned about software vulnerabilities and their impact, it’s
time to learn what are the common flaws and how you can prevent them. So,
without further ado, let’s begin:

1. Broken Authentication & Access Control

User authentication is an essential validation and user identification step,

when broken can give malicious actors access to important privileges. This
generates critical security flaws and provides hackers with undisputed access
to classified data and files, which is bound to compromise your software.

For instance, metadata manipulation is an example of broken access control

that includes tampering with JSON web tokens or modifying cookies or hidden
fields to gain more privileges.

Access granted to specific roles or users if they become accessible to everyone

can make it possible for attackers to gain access to everything and anything
they want. The only way to mitigate this inadequate security authentication
and access is by adopting secure coding practices.

It further requires disabling administrator accounts and putting restrictions

along with multi-factor authentication.

Here are some additional prevention methods:

 Ensure there are proper access control mechanisms in place.

 Impose different kinds of application access limit constraints
 Restrict the access to software APIs and controllers to eliminate the
automated brute force attacks
 Turn on log failures for access control and alert admin as needed

2. Injection Flaws

Injection or SQL injection is a type of database attack carried out against web
servers that are built using a structured query language (SQL). Such attacks
help malicious agents gain privileged information or perform tasks that would
require authentication.

Attackers masquerading as trusted users can inject malware codes that are
difficult for the program to differentiate from its own code, allowing them
access to protected areas.

Prevention techniques for such kinds of attacks include:

 Deploy an API to eschew interpreters, translocate object-relational

mapping, or offer parameterized API.
 Use the positive server-side validation. Make it mandatory to use special
characters in text fields and APIs.
 Another great way to avoid data exposure is to use LIMIT and other SQL
constraints inside queries.
 Deploy an API to eschew interpreters, translocate object-relational
mapping, or offer parameterized API.
 Use the positive server-side validation. Make it mandatory to use special
characters in text fields and APIs.
 Another great way to avoid data exposure is to use LIMIT and other SQL
constraints inside queries.
3. Security Misconfigurations

Misconfigured security issues provide attackers quick and easy access to

critical data that make it a big weak link in software security. It’s one of the
common software security flaws which is a result of improper or not secured
configurations. For example, misconfigured HTTP headers or open cloud
storage.

Let’s see how you can avoid configuration compliances:

 Implement a systematic process to deploy a secure environment for

your software. It should have a similar development, quality check, and
operational environment configurations but with distinct user controls.
 Automate processes for a safe environment that saves time and hard
work.
 Uninstall or remove unnecessary features and frameworks. Software
with no non-vital features, components, and others decreases the
likelihood of configuration security flaws.

4. Software and Data Integrity Failures

Data integrity concerns are more pressing issues when ultra-sensitive

information is stored in databases. When applications use external modules,
extensions, and third-party repositories from an unauthorized source, they
fall prey to such vulnerability.

Unprotected continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) processes

raise the risk of unauthorized access or compromised systems.

The prevention techniques include:

 Use digital signatures and code signing certificates to confirm the

software’s integrity and ensure it’s not tampered with.
 Use OWASP CycloneDX or other security tools to guarantee that
components don’t have design flaws
 Ensure that the CI/CD workflows have the necessary segmentation,
parameterization, and access control to safeguard code integrity.
 Do not send unsigned or unencrypted data to untrusted agents unless
there are proper measures in place like a digital signature for detection
of data modification.
5. Insecure Design

The insecure design focuses on the design and architectural flaws in software.
It has a greater use for threat modeling, recommendations for safe design, and
reference architecture.

This vulnerability category contains a variety of problems like missing or

inadequate design. The insecure design does not mean insecure
implementation, which leads to vulnerabilities even if the design is secure.

Such security threats can be prevented with the following methods:

 Set up a secure development lifecycle and build security and privacy

norms
 Use threat modeling for verification, access control, and essential flows.
 Another practical preventive measure is tenant segregation by design
for all tiers

6. Insecure Deserialization

Insecure or untrusted deserialization is also one of the most serious software

vulnerabilities to affect modern software systems. This security flaw can
cause remote code execution that allows malware attackers to inject
unauthentic code files or get unauthorized privileges.

Insecure deserialization can leave a critical impact on your software because

it provides an entry point for a wider attack surface. It can authorize attackers
to use the corrupt ways again in existing apps and induce other software flaws
such as remote code execution.

Let’s see prevention measure for the same:

 Run deserialization code with lower privileges

 Keep a log for failures and deserialization exceptions
 Execute strict constraints before object creation
 Check incoming and outgoing networking activities
 Identify cases where there’s constant deserialization by users
 Use methods like JSON, XML, and others

7. Cryptographic Failure/Sensitive Data Exposure

Formerly known as Sensitive Data Exposure, OWASP has now termed it
Cryptographic failures that also pose a serious threat. You can see it as a
symptom rather than a primary cause where the greater emphasis is on
cryptographic errors, which expose sensitive data.

It can expose data like session tokens, login IDs & passwords, transaction
details, and personal information. For example, even if the software encrypts
the credit card details of users, attackers can immediately decrypt it when
they access user personal information with SQL injection.

Here’s how you can prevent such failures:

 Use robust and adapting hashing algorithms like scrypt, Argon2,

PBKDF2, and others to store passwords safely.
 Avoid outdated protocols like FTP or SMTP when transferring sensitive
data
 Instead of simple encryption, implement authenticated encryption
 Produce random cryptographic keys to store as byte arrays. For
instance, passwords should be changed to some keys using an
algorithm.