Real Number Representations
Real Number Representations
Real Number Representations
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IEEE754 Binary Floating- Point (BFP)
The representation of the IEEE 754 BFP number consists of three parts:
BFP Number: S | EXPONENT(E) | FRACTION (F)
n-1 0
Consider a IEEE 754 BFP number X, it will represented by 3 fields:
iii) Magnitude Mx: IEEE754 BFP standard also calls the Magnitude
( Mx) to be a Normalized Significand (or Mantissa)
Note: The most significant 1 (integer bit) is hidden bit (i.e. this integer
bit (1) is not stored in IEEE754 BFP registers)
Normalized Representation of IEEE754 BFP Number
S|EXPONENT| FRACTION
𝑆𝑋 𝐸𝑋 𝑭𝒙
The three fields are packed into one word with the order of fields:
Sx , Ex , and 𝑭𝒙 , such that:
31 30 …. 23 22 0
43 42 31 30 0
63 62 …. 52 51 ……………………… 0
79 78 …. … .. 63 62 ……………………… 0
LongPrecision
Double (64-bit) Format:
format (64-bit)
Special Values
These are the values that are not representable in BFP system, but are
useful for representing ±∞ and Not a Number (NaN).
Then X is NaN
Special Values
* If all the bits of the biased exponent 𝑬𝒀 are equal 1 and all the fraction
bits (𝑭) are equal 0;
Then Y : ±∞
Features of IEEE754 BFP Floating-Point Formats
(B)
X
Exceptions
Five types of exceptions are defined in IEEE 754 BFP Standard. By
default, these exceptions set flags and computations continue. The
exceptions are:
1- Overflow (exponent): occurs when the result is too large to be
represented.
2- Underflow ((exponent): occurs when the nonzero magnitude of the
result is too small to be represented.
3- Division by Zero.
4- Inexact: occurs when infinite- precision result different from FP
number.
5- Invalid: set when a NaN result is produced.