Conditional Statements
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Agenda
● Conditional statements:
○ If statement
○ If-else statement
○ If elif else statement
○ Nested if-else
○ Loops
○ For Loop
○ While Loop
○ List Comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Let’s explore conditional statements
● Conditional statements are handled by ‘if’ statements in python
● Conditional statement perform computations or actions depending on the boolean
constraint is evaluated as true or false
● If the constraint is ‘True’, the statements in the body are executed, and if it is ‘False’,
the statements in body are skipped
● Conditional statements:
○ If statement
○ If-else statement
○ If elif else statement
○ Nested if-else
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If Statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If statement
● The syntax of the if-statement is:
● Python logical conditions supported are
○ Equivalence `==`
○ Inequivalence `!=`
○ Less than `<`
○ Greater than `>`
○ Less than or equal to `<=`
○ Greater than or equal to `>=`
● If statement can be nested
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The if...else Statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If-else statement
● The syntax of the if-statement is:
● The statement(s) under ‘else:’ are executed when the condition in ‘if ’ is not
satisfies, ie., the boolean output is ‘False’
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If-else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If-else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If elif else Statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If elif else statement
● Elif statement is used to control multiple conditions only if the given if condition false
● It's similar to an if-else statement and the only exception is that in else we are not
checking the condition but in elif, we check the condition
● The syntax of the if elif else is
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If elif else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
If elif else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested if and if...else Statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested If-else statement
The syntax of the if-statement is
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested If-else statement
● Note that the ‘if’ statements are within the body of another if statement
● The statements in this manner are called ‘nested if- statements’
● If the first ‘if’ condition is satisfied then the program executes the
commands within that ‘if’
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested If-else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested If-else statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested If statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Loops
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Python Iterables
• Iterable is a Python object that is capable of returning its elements (or members)
one by one
• Sequence type Python objects like lists, tupes, dictionaries, strings and sets are
iterable type of objects
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Iteration through the Iterables
Iteration is a general term for taking each item from a sequence one after another
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
For Loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The for loop
● The ‘for loop’ is used to iterate over the elements of a
sequence (list, dictionary, tuple, string) or other iterable
objects.
● Iterating over a sequence type object is also known as
traversal.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The for loop code example
Enter loop to print each
element
A list - sequence type object
A variable to hold a value from the list at each
Last Yes iteration
Element
Reached?
No
Print the element
Statement after the loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read each element of a string
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
While Loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The while loop
● The ‘while loop’ in Python is used to iterate over a block
of code as long as the test condition is True.
● We generally use this loop when the number of times to
iterate is not known to us beforehand.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The while loop code example
The while statement checks the
condition if x < 10
Enter loop with a pre condition
as x < 10
Is the N0
conditio
n met?
Yes
Print the element,
increment the value,
pass control to while Increment x by 1 and pass the control to the
statement while statement
End loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Print each element of a list using while loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Break, Continue
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Exiting a loop
● Loops in Python allows us to automate and repeat tasks.
● But at times, due to certain factors, we may want to:
○ Exit a loop completely when a certain condition is met
○ Skip part of a loop before moving to next
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Exit a loop with break statement
● The ‘break’ statement ends the current loop and resumes
execution at the next statement.
● The break statement can be used in both ‘while’ loop and
‘for’ loop.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Exit a while loop with break statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Exit a for loop with break statement
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Skip part of the loop with continue statement
● The ‘continue’ statement in Python ignores all the
remaining statements in the iteration of the current
loop and moves the control back to the beginning of
the loop.
● The continue statement can be used in both ‘while’
loop and the ‘for’ loop.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Skip part of the loop with continue statement using
while loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Skip part of the loop with continue statement using for
loop
The for...loop iterates through
the string character by
character
The if condition checks for the condition, x =
“i”
The continue statement, when meets the
condition, it ignores that character and moves
the control to the beginning of the loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
More on Loops
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read each element of a tuple
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read through a list of list
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Loop through a range
A range() function takes 3 parameters. Start, stop and step. If step
is not provided a default step of 1 is considered.
Here the step is set to 2.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Loop through a range (negative step)
A range() function takes 3 parameters. Start, stop and step. If
step is not provided a default step of 1 is considered.
In this example we have a negative step of -10. The range starts
from 10. Goes backward to 0 by step 10
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Computation using for…loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read through a dictionary object
The dict.items() returns all key-value pair
The dict.keys() returns all
keys
The dict.values() return all values
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read through the values in a dictionary to create a list
Create a blank list
Append new value to the list
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Replace values in a dictionary with computed values
A dictionary object
Applies a 10% discount and returns the
price after discount.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
The for loop with conditional statements
For loop
Conditional statement to check if the
remainder of a number divided by 3 is zero
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested for loop
1st level loop or outer loop
for [first iterating variable] in [outer loop]:
[code line 1]
[code line 2]
for [second iterating variable] in [nested loop]:
[code line 1]
1st indentation
Nested loop 2nd indentation
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested for loop
Outer loop
Inner loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested for loop with list of lists
Outer loop
Inner loop
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Example: Calculating sum of numbers
Take the input from
the user
Using the while loop update the
sum and counter
Print the the output for each iteration
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
While loop with else statement
The else part is executed if the condition in the while loop evaluates to False
Initialize the counter
Using the while loop update the
counter
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Exit a while loop with continue statement
n ranges from 5 to 1. It reduces by unity in each
iteration
The print() is executed if the condition is true
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
List Comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
What is a list comprehension?
● A list comprehension provides a concise way to create another list
● Using list comprehensions reduces the number of code lines making it it look more
elegant
● It is possible to use conditions in a list comprehension
● The list comprehension always returns a list
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
What is a list comprehension?
It consists of [ ] containing:
● an input sequence
● a variable representing numbers of the input
sequence
● a conditional expression (optional)
output input
● an output expression producing a list expression sequence
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
List comprehension vs loops
Create an empty list and append values one by one using
for loop
Create a list using list comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
For loop using list comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read the first letter of each word using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Read the first three letter of each word using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Iteration over more than one iterable in a list using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
List comprehension using conditional logic
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
List comprehension using conditional logic with custom
function
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Extract all the digits from the string using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Extract all the numbers from the string using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Extract all the vowels from the string using list
comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Nested condition within a list comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Find strings in a list that are longer than 9 character
using list comprehension
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
A list comprehension helps reduce three lines of code
into a single line of code.
Python allocates the list’s memory before appending
the elements to the list. This helps avoid resize of the
memory at runtime. This makes a list comprehension
faster.
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
Thank You
Proprietary content. © Great Learning. All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use or distribution prohibited.
