Semester 1

Chapter 2

2.2 Domain/Range
Domain and Range
❑Domain of f(x) is the set of values of
x for which f(x) is defined.

❑Range of f(x) is the set of values of y

for which elements in the domain
mapped.

2
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = 2 x + 5 linear
function

Graphical Method
Sketch the graph
Tips : Find the intercept of y-axis and x-axis
y
y = 2x + 5
Domain = (−, )
5 Range = (−, )

5 x
−
2
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = −3x + 1 ,−3  x  2 linear
function

Graphical Method
Sketch the graph
Tips : Find the intercept of y-axis and x-axis
y
10

Domain = [−3,2)
1 Range = (−5,10]

−3 1 2 x
3
−5
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = x + 2
2 quadratic
function

Graphical Method
Sketch the graph

Domain = (−, )
Range = [2, )
2

x
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = x 2 − x − 6 quadratic
function

Graphical Method
Sketch the graph
Tips 1: Factorise f ( x) = ( x − 3)( x + 2)
Tips 2: Find mid point & max/min value
y

−2 1 3 x
Domain = (−, )
2
25
25 Range = [− , )
− 4
4
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = −2 x − 5x − 2
2 quadratic
function

Graphical Method
Sketch the graph
Tips 1: Completing the square
(
f ( x) = −2 x + 5 )4 + 9 8
2

Tips 2: Find max or min value

y

9
Domain = (−, )
8 9
x
Range = (−, ]
8
Graph Translation y = x2 + 3

y = ( x + 2) 2
y = ( x − 2) 2

3 y=x 2

−2 0 2

−3 y = x2 − 3
y = ( x + 2) − 3
2
Cubic Function Graph (BASIC form)
y = x3 + 2

y = −x 3
y=x 3

0
Cubic function in term of y = ax3
+ bx 2
+ cx + d

y = x( x − 3)( x + 4)

+ ve

−4 0 3

− ve
Square Root Function Graph (BASIC form)

y= x
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = x + 3 Square root
function

Graphical Method
x+3  0
Sketch the graph
Tips 1: Set the condition x  −3
Tips 2: Identify the form
y
x = 0, y = 3
y = 0, x = −3

Domain = [−3, )
x
−3 Range = [0, )
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = 2 − x Square root
function

2− x  0
x2

y
Domain = (−,2]
Range = [0, )

x
2
Find the domain and range
4− x  0
2

y = 4− x 2


[−2,2]

2
Domain = [−2,2]

-2 2 Range = [0,2]
Find the domain and range
x −4  0
2

y = x −4
2


(−,−2]  [2, )

-2 2
Domain = (−,−2]  [2, )
Range = [0, )
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = x − 1 Absolute
values
function
Graphical Method
Sketch the graph
Tips 1: Sketch linear graph without modulus f ( x) = x − 1
Tips 2: Reflect at x-axis

Domain = (−, )
1 Range = [0, )

−1
Find the domain and range
f ( x) = − x − 2 Absolute
values
function

Domain = (−, )
Range = (−,0]

−2
vii. Piecewise Function
 − x 2, x  0
a. f ( x ) = 
x + 5, x  0

f(x)
y = x +5

5
Df = (-∞,∞)
x Rf = (- ∞, 0)  [5, ∞)
0
y = −x 2

18
  1− x , x  1
b. f ( x ) =  2
 x − 1, x  1

f(x)
y = x2 − 1

y = 1− x
x Df = (-∞,∞)
0 1
Rf = [0, ∞)

19
2.2.2 ALGEBRAIC APPROACH

20
Find the domain and range for the following
functions :
a. f(x) = 3x + 1, x Є R
Df = (-∞, ∞) Rf = (-∞, ∞)
b. f(x) = x2 – 3x, x Є R
3 2 9
= (x − ) −
2 4
9
Df = (-,) R f = [ , )
4

21
c. f(x) = x +5
x+5≥0
x≥-5
Df = [- 5,∞)
By inspection
when x = -5, f(x) = 0
when x → ∞, f(x) → ∞
 Rf = [0, ∞)

22
d. g(x) = 4 − 2x
4 – 2x ≥ 0
x2
 Dg = (-∞, 2]
By inspection
When x →-∞, g(x) →∞
When w = 2, g(x) = 0
 Rg = [0, ∞)

23
Find the domain and range
f ( x) =
3 3+ y
x=
rational / reciprocal
x −1 function
y
Graphical Method
Tips 1: Find the asymptote line
Tips 2: Find the intercept of x-axis & y-axis (if exist)
Tips 3: Identify the form

Domain = (−,1)  (1, )

y=0 Range = (−,0)  (0, )
0 1
−3

x =1
Find the domain and range
x +1
f ( x) = Rational / reciprocal
x−2 function

1+ 2 y
x=
y −1

Domain = (−,2)  (2, )

y =1 1
Range = (−,1)  (1, )
−1 2
1
−
2

x=2
Find the domain and range
1
f ( x) = Rational / reciprocal
2− x function

2 y −1
x=
y

1
Domain = (−,2)  (2, )
2
y=0 Range = (−,0)  (0, )
0 2

x=2
Find the domain and range
1
f ( x) = 2 Rational / reciprocal
x function

1
x=
y

Domain = (−,0)  (0, )

Range = (0, )
0 y=0

x=0
2.2.3 A STEP FUNCTION,

28
A step function is also called a function of real
numbers (piecewise constant function)

Types of step function

There are 2 types of step function:

i. Greatest Integer function

- biggest integer  or < input value x
ii. Smallest Integer function
- lowest integer  or > input value x

29
 biggest integer  input value x
f(x)

3
2
1
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
-2 Df = [-2,4)
Rf = {-2,-1,0, 1,2,3}
30
 biggest integer  input value x

f(x)
2
1
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
Df = [0,7)
-4
-5
Rf =
31