Lenses Q and Ans

7.
Lenses
1. Match the columns in the following table and explain them

2. Draw a figure explaining various terms related to a lens.
Terms Associated with Lenses:

1. Centre of curvature (C) : The centres of spheres whose parts
form surfaces of the lenses are called centres of curvatures of
the lenses. A lens with both surfaces sperical, has two centres
of curvature C1 and C2 .
2.Radius of curvature (R) : The radii (R1 and R2 ) of the spheres
whose parts form surfaces of the lenses are called the radii of
curvature of the lens.
3.Principal axis : The imaginary line passing through both
centres of curvature is called the principal axis of the lens.
4.Optical centre (O) : The point inside a lens on the principal

axis, through which light rays pass without changing their path
is called the optical centre of a lens.
5.Principal focus (F) : When light rays parallel to the principal axis are incident on a convex lens, they converge to a point
on the principal axis. This point is called the principal focus of the lens. As shown in figure 7.5a F1 and F2 are the
principal foci of the convex lens.
6.Focal length (f) : The distance between the optical centre and principal focus of a lens is called its focal length.
3. At which position will you keep an object in front of a convex lens so as to get a real image of the same size as
the object ? Draw a figure.
Ans : When an object is placed at the centre of curvature 2F1 of a convex lens, we will get a real image of
the same size as the object.
4. Give scientific resons:
a. Simple microscope is used for watch repairs.
Ans : A convex lens with small focal length produces a virtual, erect and bigger image of an object. Such a
lens is called simple microscope or magnifying lens. One can get a 20 times larger image of an object using
such microscopes. This means the magnifying power of the microscope is very high. Thus, simple
microscopes are used by watch makers to see the small parts and screws of the watch while
repairing it.
b. One can sense colours only in bright light.

Ans : The cells present on the retina and responsible for colour vision are known as cone cells.
These cells become active only under bright light and remain inactive under dark. Thus, we are
able sense only in bright light.
c. We can not clearly see an object kept at a distance less than 25 cm from the eye.
Ans : We cannot clearly see an object kept at a distance less than 25 cm from the eye. This is
because ciliary muscles of our eyes are unable to contract beyond certain limit. If the object is
placed at a distance less than 25 cm from the eye, then the object appears blurred because light
rays coming from the object meet behind the retina.
5. Explain the working of an astronomical telescope using refraction of light.
Ans : The astronomical telescope consists of two lenses: objective and eyepiece.
Objective has larger focal length and diameter to accommodate maximum amount of
light coming from the far away (astronomical) objects. A parallel beam of rays from an
astronomical object is made to fall on the objective lens of the telescope. It forms a
real, inverted and diminished image A'B' of the object. The eyepiece is so adjusted
that A'B' lies just at the focus of the eye piece. Therefore, a highly magnified image of
the object is formed at infinity. The same has been shown in the figure below.
6. Distinguish between:
a. Farsightedness and Nearsightedness
b. Concave lens and Convex Lens
7. What is the function of iris and the muscles connected to the lens in human eye?
Ans :
1) Function of Iris: The iris is a muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil,
which, in turn, controls the amount of light entering the eye. It also gives colour to the eye.
2) Function of ciliary muscles: The eye lens is held in position by the ciliary muscles. The
focal length of the eye lens is adjusted by the expansion and contraction of the ciliary
muscles.
8. Solve the following examples.
i. Doctor has prescribed a lens having power +1.5 D. What will be the focal length of the lens? What is the
type of the lens and what must be the defect of vision? (Ans: +0.67m, farsightedness)
ii. 5 cm high object is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a converging lens of focal length of 10 cm. Determine
the position, size and type of the image. (Ans : 16.7 cm, 3.3 cm, Real)
Thus, the size of the image is 3.3 cm. Negative sign shows that the image formed is real and
inverted. Hence, the image formed is real and inverted and diminished.
iii. Three lenses having power 2, 2.5 and 1.7 D are kept touching in a row. What is the total power of the
lens combination? (Ans : 6.2 D)
iv. An object kept 60 cm from a lens gives a virtual image 20 cm in front of the lens. What is the focal length of the
lens? Is it a converging lens or diverging lens? (Ans: -30 cm, lens is diverging or concave)
1. Nearsightedness/ Myopia : In this case, the eye can see nearby objects clearly but the
distant objects appear indistinct. In nearsightedness, the image of a distant object forms in
front of the retina.
There are two reasons for this defect.

1.The curvature of the cornea and the eye lens increases.The muscles near the lens can not
relax so that the converging power of the lens remains large.
2. The eyeball elongates so that the distance between the lens and the retina increases.
This defect can be corrected by using spectacles with concave lens of proper focal length.
2. Farsightedness or hypermetropia : In this defect the human eye can see distant objects
clearly but cannot see nearby objects distinctly. The images of nearby objects get formed
behind the retina.
There are two reasons for farsightedness.
1. Curvature of the cornea and the eye lens decreases so that, the converging power of
the lens becomes less.
2. Due to the flattening of the eye ball the distance between the lens and retina
decreases.
This defect can be corrected by using a convex lens with proper focal length.
3.Presbyopia: the focusing power of the eye lens decreases with age.
The muscles near the lens lose their ability to change the focal length of
the lens.
The near point of the lens shifts farther from the eye. Because of this old
people cannot see nearby objects clearly.
People suffer from nearsightedness as well as farsightedness.
In such a case bifocal lenses are required to correct the defect.
In such lenses, the upper part is concave lens and corrects
nearsightedness while the lower part is a convex lens which corrects the
farsightedness.

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7.

1. Match the columns in the following table and explain them

Terms Associated with Lenses:

4.Optical centre (O) : The point inside a lens on the principal

b. One can sense colours only in bright light.

There are two reasons for this defect.

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