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Part II

The document provides information on various C programming concepts including printf and scanf functions, if-else conditional statements, loops (for, while), operators (%, &&, ||, ?:) and examples of their usage. It explains how to take input using scanf, print output with printf, and make decisions or repeat tasks using if-else, for and while loops. Examples provided include calculating factorial, checking leap years, and determining employee salary based on multiple conditions.

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Brijesh Naik
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11 views24 pages

Part II

The document provides information on various C programming concepts including printf and scanf functions, if-else conditional statements, loops (for, while), operators (%, &&, ||, ?:) and examples of their usage. It explains how to take input using scanf, print output with printf, and make decisions or repeat tasks using if-else, for and while loops. Examples provided include calculating factorial, checking leap years, and determining employee salary based on multiple conditions.

Uploaded by

Brijesh Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of C Programming:

printf, scanf & decision loops

Dr. Brijesh Naik,


Instrumentation & Control Department, SCET
E-Mail: [email protected]

1
More on ‘printf’, & ‘scanf’

Output int main()
New line
Enter marks in 5 {
subjects: 85 75 60 72int m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, aggr;
56
float per;
Aggregate Marks = 348
printf (“\nEnter marks in 5 subjects: ”);
Percentage Marks = scanf (“%d %d %d %d %d”, &m1, &m2,
69.000000 &m3, &m4, &m5);
aggr = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5;
per = aggr / 5;
printf (“Aggregate Marks = %d\n”, aggr);
printf (“Percentage Marks = %f\n”, per);
return 0;
} 2
The if else statement

if (this condition is true)


statement1;
else
statement2;

3
EXAMPLES
int main()
{
int qty, dis;
float rate, tot;
printf (“Enter quantity and rate”);
scanf (“%d %f”, &qty, &rate);
if (qty > 1000)
dis = 10;
else
dis = 0;
tot = (qty * rate) - (qty * rate * dis / 100);
printf (“Total expenses = Rs. %f\n”, tot);
return 0;
}
4
Multiple statements within if-else
int main()
{
float bs, gs, da, hra;
printf (“Enter basic salary”);
scanf (“%f”, &bs);
if (bs < 1500)
{
hra = bs * 10 / 100;
da = bs * 90 / 100;
}
else
{
hra = 500;
da = bs * 98 / 100;
}
gs = bs + hra + da;
printf (“gross salary = Rs. %f\n”, gs);
return 0;
} 5
Flow chart of the previous program 6
Nested if-else

if (i == 1)
printf (“You would go to heaven !\n”);
else
{
if (i == 2)
printf (“Hell was created with you in mind\n”);
else
printf (“How about mother earth !\n”);
}

Notice the curly braces after else


7
The % operator
else
int main()
{ {
int yr; if (yr % 4 == 0)
printf (“\nEnter a year:”); printf (“Leap year\n”);
scanf (“%d”, &yr);
else
if (yr % 100 == 0)
printf (“Not a leap year\n”);
{
}
if (yr % 400 == 0)
printf (“Leap year\n”); return 0;
else }
printf (“Not a Leap year\n”);
}
8
EXAMPLES
A company insures its drivers in the following
cases:
 If the driver is married.

If the driver is unmarried, male & above 30
years of age.
 If the driver is unmarried, female & above 25
years of age.
 In all other cases, the driver is not insured. If
the marital status, sex and age of the driver are
the inputs, write a program to determine
whether the driver should be insured or not.

9
int main()
{
char sex, ms;
int age;
printf (“Enter age, sex, marital status”);
scanf (“%d %c %c”, &age, &sex, &ms);
if ((ms == ’M’) || (ms == ’U’ && sex == ’M’ &&
age > 30) || (ms == ’U’ && sex == ’F’ && age
> 25))
printf (“Driver should be insured\n”);
else
printf (“Driver should not be insured\n”);
return 0;
}

10
The ‘else if’

/* else if ladder demo */


if (per >= 60)
printf (“First division\n”);
else if (per >= 50)
printf (“Second division\n”);
else if (per >= 40)
printf (“Third division\n”);
else
printf (“fail\n”);

11
The salary problem.

12
int main() else if (g == ’f’ && yos >= 10 && qual
{ == 1)

char g; sal = 12000;


int yos, qual, sal = 0; else if (g == ’f’ && yos >= 10 && qual
== 0)
printf (“Enter Gender, Years of Service
and Qualifications (0 = G, 1 = PG):”); sal = 9000;
scanf (“%c%d%d”, &g, &yos, &qual); else if (g == ’f’ && yos < 10 && qual
if (g == ’m’ && yos >= 10 && qual == 1)
== 1)

sal = 15000; sal = 10000;


else if ((g == ’m’ && yos >= 10 && qual else if (g == ’f’ && yos < 10 && qual
== 0) || == 0)
(g == ’m’ && yos < 10 && qual == 1)) sal = 6000;
sal = 10000; printf (“\nSalary of Employee = %d\n”,
sal);
else if (g == ’m’ && yos < 10 && qual ==
0) return 0;
sal = 7000; }

13
The ! operator
if (! flag)
The Hierarchy of operators

14
The conditional operators
Example 1 Example 2
int x, y; int i;
scanf (“%d”, &x);
scanf (“%d”, &i);
y = (x > 5 ? 3: 4);
(i == 1 ? printf (“Amit”) :
This statement will
printf (“All and sundry”));
store 3 in y if x is
What will be the result
greater than 5,
if i = 2
otherwise it will store
4 in y.

15
The ‘for’ loop

For loop for repetitive tasks


For monotonic computations
e.g. print ‘hello’ for thousand times!!
Work on arrays and strings?
Powerful!!

16
for(i=0; i<1000; i++){
printf(“hello”);
}
what is i++ ??
increment i by 1 for each iteration
i++ is equivalent to i = i+1

17
CODE
.. RESULT

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
for(int i=0;i<=10;i++){
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}
IF THERE IS ONLY ONE INSTRUCTION WITHIN A FOR
LOOP THEN CURLY BRACES CAN BE AVOIDED.
18
SAME RESULTS FOR ++i
Same result
#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
for(int i=0;i<=10;){
printf("%d\n",i);
i = i+1;
}
}

19
CODE
..
RESULT

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
int i = 1;
for(;i<=10;){
printf("%d\n",i);
i = i+1;
}
}

20
CODE RESULT

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
int i;
for(i=0;i++<=10;){
printf("%d\n",i);

}
}

21
The ‘while’ loop

 The statements within while loop would keep


getting executed till the condition being tested
remains true.

When the condition becomes false, the loop breaks
and the control passes to the first statement that
follows the body of the while loop.

22
Example of while loop
#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
int i = 5;
while(i>1){
printf("teach the computer\n");
i = i-1;
}
return 0;
}

23
Factorial !!!!!

RESULT OF THE
CODE
24

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