COMMUNICATION  Learners understand, interpret, and analyze

Communication is simply the act of what is heard, read, or viewed on a variety

transferring information from one place, of topics.

person or group to another.  This mode of communication involves

Every communication involves (at least) one interpreting the author or producer’s intent.

sender, a message and a recipient. This may  There is no alternative to the active

sound simple, but communication is actually a negotiation of meaning with the writer, the

very complex subject. speaker, or the producer.

The transmission of the message from sender to 2. Interpersonal Communication

recipient can be affected by a huge range of  Interpersonal communication is the process

things. These include our emotions, the cultural by which people exchange information

situation, the medium used to communicate, and through verbal and nonverbal messages.

even our location. The complexity is why good  It is an unmediated mode of communication

communication skills are considered so that occurs when we interact and attempt to

desirable by employers around the world: mutually influence each other,

accurate, effective and unambiguous simultaneously, in order to manage

communication is actually extremely hard. relationships.

 Although interpersonal communication can

MODES OF COMMUNICATION encompass oral, written, and non-verbal

forms of communication
1. Interpretative Communication (“one-way
 The term is usually applied to spoken
communication”)
communication that takes place between
 One-way listening and reading that does
two or more individuals on a personal or
not require a response or reaction in real
face-to-face level.
time
 Familiar or unfamiliar context impacts
Examples of Interpersonal Communication
comprehension
include:
 The ability to read often develops before
 Personal Interview
the ability to comprehend rapid spoken
 Telephonic Conversations
language.
 Interactive Sessions
 Content knowledge often affects
 Debates
successful and accurate
 E-mails
comprehension.
 Text Messages
 The information conveyed by the sender
3. Presentational Communication
is interpreted by the receiver in its
 Presentational Communication is another
original form.
type of one-way communication
 The target has to understand the
 facilitates interpretation by members of
message in both written and spoken
another group where no direct opportunity
form keeping various aspects in mind.
for the active negotiation of meaning
between members of the two groups exists.
Some of the main highlights of Interpretative
Communication are:
 With this mode of communication, a person  Oral communication uses audio mode to
is speaking to an audience that can be convey messages whether it is through
rehearsed, pre-prepared, or scripted. sounds or spoken audio.
 Speaking or writing or reporting  The speaker’s voice and pronunciation need
Some of the main highlights of Presentational to be clear and precise with no background
Communication have been given a rundown noise.
below. Example: Radio, audio messages, music,
recordings, songs, audio-book.
 To ensure the intended audience is 7. Visual Communication
successful in its interpretation, the  Visual Communication can be simply termed
“presenter” needs knowledge of the non-verbal communication as it comprises
audience’s language and culture. visual messages from the sender to the
 No direct opportunity for engaging with a receiver.
larger audience exists in this form of  It is one of the oldest modes of
communication. communication when the ancient people
4. Linguistic or Alphabetic Communication didn’t know a language to communicate
 refers to written or spoken communication with, it is through pictures, drawings and
where the sender conveys their message symbols that they were able to talk and
through writing on paper or through converse with each other.
speaking. Examples: Pictures, Videos, Charts, Graphs,
Examples: Text messages, audio messages, Symbols
emails, speech, notes and lists, etc. 8. Spatial Communication
5. Gestural Communication  Spatial Communication elaborates upon the
 Has quintessential emphasis on body use of physical space in the text as well as
language and physical movements to its overall structure to convey certain
communicate messages meanings and messages.
 Sign Language is the best example of the  The physical layout of any written text is
gestural mode of communication as those deliberately designed to make it look a
who can’t talk or hear are able to certain way and adhere to a particular
communicate best through their gestures theme.
and have their own set of unique languages  Websites also use this unique mode of
to converse. communication in choosing a certain font,
 While this mode of communication is mainly style, design and layout to make any website
combined with spatial, aural or linguistic user-friendly and more interactive.
ones 9. Multimodal Communication
 it can also be used individually given that  Multimodal Communication can be simply
both the sender and receiver have common referred to as communication through varied
points of reference and meanings to have an modes such as verbal, written, gestures, etc.
understandable communication.  There are different modes of multimodal
6. Aural Communication communication and it is popularly used in
higher education to accentuate the learning
experience for students.
 Here are the major 5 modes of cannot be separated from non-verbal
communication: communication
2. Non-verbal Communication
1. Linguistical or Alphabetic: Either written  What we do while we speak often says more
communication or spoken communication than the actual words.
2. Gestural: Using Gestures  Non-verbal communication includes facial
3. Visual: Pictures, Videos, Infographics expressions, posture, eye contact, hand
4. Aural: Audio, Music, Sounds movements, and touch.
5. Spatial: Physical coordination, positions,  For example, if you’re engaged in a
proximity conversation with your boss about your cost-
10. Various Cultural and Intercultural Modes saving idea, it is important to pay attention to
of Communication both the their words and their non-verbal
 Several cultural modes of communication communication. Your boss might be in
are specific to each area and culture. agreement with your idea verbally, but their
 It can be symbolic usage of actions, body nonverbal cues: avoiding eye contact,
language, etc. sighing, scrunched up face, etc. indicate
 The culture of a person is not just what they something different.
eat or wear but also how they communicate. 3. Written Communication
 Different cultures have different  Whether it is an email, a memo, a report, a
languages, dialects, and even accents. Facebook post, a Tweet, a contract, etc. all
 Even the tone and volume of forms of written communication have the
communication differ from place to place same goal to disseminate information in a
clear and concise manner – though that
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION objective is often not achieved.

1. Verbal Communication  Poor writing skills often lead to confusion

 Occurs when we engage in speaking with and embarrassment, and even potential

others. legal jeopardy.

 It can be face-to-face, over the telephone,  One important thing to remember about

via Skype or Zoom, etc. written communication, especially in the

 Some verbal engagements are informal, digital age, is the message lives on, perhaps

such as chatting with a friend over coffee or in perpetuity.

in the office kitchen, while others are more  Thus, there are two things to remember:

formal, such as a scheduled meeting.  First, write well – poorly constructed

 Regardless of the type, it is not just about sentences and careless errors make you

the words, it is also about the caliber and look bad

complexity of those words, how we string  Second, ensure the content of the

those words together to create an message is something you want to

overarching message, as well as the promote or be associated with for the

intonation (pitch, tone, cadence, etc.) used long haul.

while speaking and when occurring face-to- 4. Listening

face, while the words are important, they  The act of listening does not often make its
way onto the list of types of communication.
 Active listening, however, is perhaps one of
the most important types of communication
because if we cannot listen to the person
sitting across from us, we cannot effectively
engage with them.
 Think about a negotiation – part of the
process is to assess what the opposition
wants and needs.
 Without listening, it is impossible to assess
that, which makes it difficult to achieve a
win/win outcome.
5. Visual Communication
 We are a visual society. Think about it,
televisions are running 24/7, Facebook is
visual with memes, videos, images, etc.,
Instagram is an image-only platform, and
advertisers use imagery to sell products and
ideas.
 Think about from a personal perspective –
the images we post on social media are
meant to convey meaning – to communicate
a message. In some cases that message
might be, look at me, I’m in Italy or I just won
an award. Others are carefully curated to tug
on our heartstrings – injured animals, crying
children, etc.
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