MATHEMATICS

SEMESTER -3
 MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS – Third Semester B. Tech

( For all branches except Computer Science and Information Technology)

CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL BASIC SCIENCE 3 1 0 4
MAT201 EQUATIONS AND COMPLEX COURSE
ANALYSIS

Preamble: This course introduces basic ideas of partial differential equations which are
widely used in the modelling and analysis of a wide range of physical phenomena and has got
application across all branches of engineering. To understand the basic theory of functions of
a complex variable, residue integration and conformal transformation.

Prerequisite: A basic course in partial differentiation and complex numbers.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Understand the concept and the solution of partial differential equation.

CO 2 Analyse and solve one dimensional wave equation and heat equation.
CO 3 Understand complex functions, its continuity differentiability with the use of Cauchy-
Riemann equations.
CO 4 Evaluate complex integrals using Cauchy’s integral theorem and Cauchy’s integral
formula, understand the series expansion of analytic function
CO 5 Understand the series expansion of complex function about a singularity and Apply
residue theorem to compute several kinds of real integrals.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO’s Broad area

PO 1 Engineering Knowledge

PO 2 Problem Analysis

PO 3 Design/Development of solutions

PO 4 Conduct investigations of complex problems

PO 5 Modern tool usage

PO 6 The Engineer and Society

PO 7 Environment and Sustainability

PO 8 Ethics

PO 9 Individual and team work

 MATHEMATICS
PO 10 Communication

PO 11 Project Management and Finance

PO 12 Life long learning

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO PO 3 PO 4 PO PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO 10 PO 11 PO 12
1 2 5
CO 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2
CO 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2
CO 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2
CO 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2
CO 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests(%) End Semester

1 2 Examination(%
)
Remember 10 10 10
Understand 30 30 30
Apply 30 30 30
Analyse 20 20 20
Evaluate 10 10 10
Create

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A
contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question.
Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which
student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry
14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions.

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. Form the partial differential equation given 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑦𝑒

2. What is the difference between complete integral and singular integral of a partial
differential equation
3. Solve 3𝑧 = 𝑥𝑝 + 𝑦𝑞
4. Solve (𝑝 + 𝑞 )𝑦 = 𝑞𝑧
5. Solve 𝑢 − 2𝑢 = 𝑢 by the method of separation of variables
 MATHEMATICS
Course Outcome 2 (CO2):

1. Write any three assumptions in deriving one dimensional wave equations

2. Derive one Dimensional heat equation
3. Obtain a general solution for the one dimensional heat equation =𝑐
4. A tightly stretched flexible string has it’s ends fixed at 𝑥 = 0and 𝑥 = 𝑙. At 𝑡 = 0, the
string is given a shape defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜇𝑥(𝑙 − 𝑥) where 𝜇 is a constant
5. Find the temperature 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) in a bar which is perfectly insulated laterally whose ends
are kept at 0∘ 𝐶 and whose initial temperature (in degree Celsius) is 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥(10 − 𝑥) given that it’s length is 10 cm and specific heat is 0.056cal/gram deg

Course Outcome 3(CO3):

1. Separate the real and imaginary parts of 𝑓(𝑧) =

2. Check whether the function 𝑓(𝑧) = | |

is continuous at 𝑧 = 0 given 𝑓(0) = 0
3. Determine a and b so that function 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑦 is harmonic. Find it’s harmonic
conjugate.
4. Find the fixed points of 𝑤 =
5. Find the image of |𝑧| ≤ , − < 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑧 < under 𝑤 = 𝑧

Course Outcome 4(CO4):

1. Find the value of ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑝(𝑧 )𝑑𝑧 where C is |𝑧| = 1

2. Integrate the function ∫ 𝑑𝑧 where C is |𝑧 − 4 − 2𝑖| = 6.5
3. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑧 where C is |𝑧| = 1

4. Find the Maclaurin series expansion of 𝑓(𝑧) = and state the region of
convergence.
5. Find the image of |𝑧| = 2 under the mapping 𝑤 = 𝑧 +

Course Outcome 5 (CO5):

1. Determine the singularity of 𝑒𝑥𝑝

2. Find the Laurent series of ( )
about 𝑧 = 𝑖

3. Find the residues of 𝑓(𝑧) =

4. Evaluate ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜋𝑧 𝑑𝑧 where C is |𝑧 − 0.2| = 0.2
5. Evaluate ∫
√
 MATHEMATICS
Syllabus
Module 1 (Partial Differential Equations) (8 hours)
(Text 1-Relevant portions of sections 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.7, 18.1, 18.2)
Partial differential equations, Formation of partial differential equations –elimination of
arbitrary constants-elimination of arbitrary functions, Solutions of a partial differential
equations, Equations solvable by direct integration, Linear equations of the first order-
Lagrange’s linear equation, Non-linear equations of the first order -Charpit’s method,
Solution of equation by method of separation of variables.

Module 2 (Applications of Partial Differential Equations) (10 hours)

(Text 1-Relevant portions of sections 18.3,18.4, 18.5)
One dimensional wave equation- vibrations of a stretched string, derivation, solution of the
wave equation using method of separation of variables, D’Alembert’s solution of the wave
equation, One dimensional heat equation, derivation, solution of the heat equation

Module 3 (Complex Variable – Differentiation) (9 hours)

( Text 2: Relevant portions of sections13.3, 13.4, 17.1, 17.2 , 17.4)
Complex function, limit, continuity, derivative, analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann
equations, harmonic functions, finding harmonic conjugate, Conformal mappings- mappings
𝑤 = 𝑧 , , 𝑤 = 𝑒 ,. Linear fractional transformation 𝑤 = , fixed points, Transformation
𝑤 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧

(From sections 17.1, 17.2 and 17.4 only mappings 𝑤 = 𝑧 , , 𝑤 = 𝑒 , 𝑤 = , 𝑤 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧 and
problems based on these transformation need to be discussed)

Module 4 (Complex Variable – Integration) (9 hours)

(Text 2- Relevant topics from sections14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4,15.4)
Complex integration, Line integrals in the complex plane, Basic properties, First evaluation
method-indefinite integration and substitution of limit, second evaluation method-use of a
representation of a path, Contour integrals, Cauchy integral theorem (without proof) on
simply connected domain,Cauchy integral theorem (without proof) on multiply connected
domain Cauchy Integral formula (without proof), Cauchy Integral formula for derivatives of
an analytic function, Taylor’s series and Maclaurin series.,
Module 5 (Complex Variable – Residue Integration) (9 hours)
(Text 2- Relevant topics from sections16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 )
Laurent’s series(without proof ), zeros of analytic functions, singularities, poles, removable
singularities, essential singularities, Residues, Cauchy Residue theorem (without proof),
Evaluation of definite integral using residue theorem, Residue integration of real integrals –
integrals of rational functions of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 , integrals of improper integrals of the form
 MATHEMATICS
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 with no poles on the real axis. (∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 whose integrand become infinite at a
point in the interval of integration is excluded from the syllabus),

Textbooks:
1. B.S. Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publishers, 44th Edition, 2018.
2. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2016.

References:
1. Peter V. O'Neil, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Cengage, 7th Edition, 2012

Assignments
Assignment: Assignment must include applications of the above theory in the concerned
engineering branches

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures

1 Partial Differential Equations

1.1 Partial differential equations, Formation of partial differential 3

equations –elimination of arbitrary constants-elimination of
arbitrary functions, Solutions of a partial differential equations,
Equations solvable by direct integration,

1.2 Linear equations of the first order- Lagrange’s linear equation, 3

Non-linear equations of the first order - Charpit’s method

1.3 Boundary value problems, Method of separation of variables. 2

2 Applications of Partial Differential Equations

2.1 One dimensional wave equation- vibrations of a stretched string, 1
derivation,

2.2 Solution of wave equation using method of separation of variables, 4

Fourier series solution of boundary value problems involving wave
equation, D’Alembert’s solution of the wave equation

2.3 One dimensional heat equation, derivation, 1

2.4 Solution of the heat equation, using method of separation of 4

variables, Fourier series solutions of boundary value problems
involving heat equation
 MATHEMATICS
3 Complex Variable – Differentiation

3.1 Complex function, limit, continuity, derivative, analytic functions, 4

Cauchy-Riemann equations,

3.2 harmonic functions, finding harmonic conjugate, 2

3.3 Conformal mappings- mappingsof 𝑤 = 𝑧 , , 𝑤 = 𝑒 , 𝑤 = , 𝑤 = 3

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑧.

4 Complex Variable – Integration

4.1 Complex integration, Line integrals in the complex plane, Basic 4

properties, First evaluation method, second evaluation method, use
of representation of a path

4.2 Contour integrals, Cauchy integral theorem (without proof) on 2

simply connected domain, on multiply connected domain(without
proof) .Cauchy Integral formula (without proof),

4.3 Cauchy Integral formula for derivatives of an analytic function, 2

4.3 Taylor’s series and Maclaurin series. 1

5 Complex Variable – Residue Integration

5.1 Laurent’s series(without proof) 2

5.2 zeros of analytic functions, singularities, poles, removable 2

singularities, essential singularities, Residues,

5.3 Cauchy Residue theorem (without proof), Evaluation of definite 2

integral using residue theorem

5.4 Residue integration of real integrals – integrals of rational functions 3

of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, integrals of improper integrals of the form
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥with no poles on the real axis. (∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 whose
integrand become infinite at a point in the interval of
integration is excluded from the syllabus),
 MATHEMATICS
Model Question Paper
(For all branches except Computer Science and Information Technology)
(2019 Scheme)
Reg No: Name:
APJ ABDULKALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION
(MONTH & YEAR)
Course Code:
Course Name: PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS
MAX.MARKS: 100 DURATION: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer all questions, each carries 3 marks.
1. Derive a partial differential equation from the relation 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎𝑡) + 𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑎𝑡)
𝜕2 𝑧
2. Solve 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
3. State any three assumptions in deriving the one dimensional wave equation

4. What are the possible solutions of one-dimensional heat equation?

5. If 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is analytic, then show that 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 are harmonic functions.

6. Check whether 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧̅ is analytic or not.

7. Evaluate ∫𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 where c is the unit circle.

1
8. Find the Taylor’s series of 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑧 about 𝑧 = 2.

1
9. What type of singularity have the function 𝑓(𝑧) =
cos 𝑧−sin 𝑧

ⅇ𝑧
10. Find the residue of 𝑧 3 at its pole.

PART B
Answer any one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks.
Module-I
( ) ( )
11. (a) Solve 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑝 + 𝑦 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)
(b) Use Charpit’s methods to solve 𝑞 + 𝑥𝑝 = 𝑝2
12. (a) Find the differential equation of all spheres of fixed radius having their centers in the xy-
plane.
 MATHEMATICS
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
(b) Using the method of separation of variables, solve 𝜕𝑥
= 2 𝜕𝑡 + 𝑢, where 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 6ⅇ −3𝑥 .
Module – II
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
13. (a) Derive the solution of one dimensional wave equation = 𝑐2 with zero boundary
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑢
conditions and with initial conditions 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓 (𝑥) and ( 𝜕𝑡 ) = 0.
𝑡=0
(b) A homogeneous rod of conducting material of length 100 cm has its ends kept at zero
𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50
temperature and the temperature initially is 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = { . Find the
100 − 𝑥, 50 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 100
temperature 𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑡) at any time.
14. (a) A tightly stretched string of length 𝑙 with fixed ends is initially in equilibrium position. It is
set vibrating by giving each point a velocity 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (𝜋𝑥⁄𝑙 ). Find the displacement of the string at
any time.
(b) An insulated rod of length 𝑙 has its ends A and B are maintained at 00 𝑐 and 1000 𝐶
respectively under steady state condition prevails. If the temperature at B is suddenly reduced to
00 𝑐 and maintained at 00 𝑐, Find the temperature at a distance x from A at time t.
Module-III
( ) 𝑧
15. (a) Show that 𝑓 𝑧 = ⅇ is analytic for all z. Find its derivative.
1
(b) Find the image of |𝑧 − 2𝑖 | = 2 under the transformation 𝑤 = 𝑧
16. (a) Prove that the function 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 is harmonic everywhere. Find its
harmonic conjugate.
(b) Find the image of the infinite stripe 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋 under the transformation 𝑤 = ⅇ 𝑧
Module-IV
2+ⅈ
17. (a) Evaluate ∫0 (𝑧̅)2 𝑑𝑧 , along the real axis to 2 and then vertically to 2 + 𝑖
5𝑧+7
(b) Using Cauchy’s integral formula evaluate ∫𝑧 2+2𝑧−3 𝑑𝑧 , where c is |𝑧 − 2| = 2
𝑐

𝑠ⅈ𝑛2 𝑧
18. (a) Evaluate ∫ 𝜋 3
𝑑𝑧, where C is |𝑧| = 1.
(𝑧− )
𝑐 6
1
(b) Expand (𝑧−1)(𝑧−2) in the region |𝑧| < 1
Module- V
𝑧 2 −1
19. (a) Expand 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 −5𝑧+6 in 2 < |𝑧| < 3 as a Laurent’s series.
2𝜋
ⅆ𝜃
(b) Using contour integration evaluate ∫ 2+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ℎ 𝜋𝑧
20. (a) Use residue theorem to evaluate ∫ 𝑧 2 +4
𝑑𝑧 where are C is |𝑧| = 3.
𝑐
∞
1
(b) Apply calculus of residues to evaluate∫ (𝑥 2+1)3
𝑑𝑥 .
−∞
 DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES

MAT CATEGORY L T P CREDITS

DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL
203 STRUCTURES
BSC 3 1 0 4

Preamble:

The purpose of this course is to create awareness in students about the basic terminologies used
in advanced courses in Computer Science and develop rigorous logical thinking for solving
different kinds of problems in Computer Science. This course helps the learner to apply the
theory and applications of elementary Counting Principles, Propositional Logic, Predicate Logic,
Lattices, Generating Functions, Recurrence Relations and Algebraic Structures eventually in
practical applications.

Prerequisite: A sound background in higher secondary school Mathematics

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO# CO
Check the validity of predicates in Propositional and Quantified Propositional Logic
CO1 using truth tables, deductive reasoning and inference theory on Propositional Logic
(Cognitive Knowledge Level: Apply)
Solve counting problems by applying the elementary counting techniques - Rule of
Sum, Rule of Product, Permutation, Combination, Binomial Theorem, Pigeonhole
CO2
Principle and Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion (Cognitive Knowledge Level:
Apply)
Classify binary relations into various types and illustrate an application for each type
CO3 of binary relation, in Computer Science (Cognitive Knowledge Level:
Understand)
Illustrate an application for Partially Ordered Sets and Complete Lattices, in
CO4
Computer Science (Cognitive Knowledge Level: Apply)
Explain Generating Functions and solve First Order and Second Order Linear
CO5 Recurrence Relations with Constant Coefficients (Cognitive Knowledge Level:
Apply)
Illustrate the abstract algebraic systems - Semigroups, Monoids, Groups,
CO6 Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Monoids and Groups (Cognitive Knowledge
Level: Understand)
Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

CO1

CO2

CO3

CO4

CO5

CO6

Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation

PO# Broad PO PO# Broad PO

PO1 Engineering Knowledge PO7 Environment and Sustainability

PO2 Problem Analysis PO8 Ethics

PO3 Design/Development of solutions PO9 Individual and team work

Conduct investigations of complex

PO4 PO10 Communication
problems
PO5 Modern tool usage PO11 Project Management and Finance

PO6 The Engineer and Society PO12 Life long learning

Assessment Pattern
Continuous Assessment Tests
Bloom’s End Semester Examination
Category Marks (%)
Test 1 (%) Test 2 (%)
Remember 30 30 30
Understand 30 30 30
Apply 40 40 40
Analyze

Evaluate

Create
Mark Distribution

Total Marks CIE Marks ESE Marks ESE Duration

150 50 100 3

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Tests (Average of Series Tests 1 & 2) 25 marks
Continuous Assessment Assignment 15 marks

Internal Examination Pattern:

Each of the two internal examinations has to be conducted out of 50 marks. First series test shall
be preferably conducted after completing the first half of the syllabus and the second series test
shall be preferably conducted after completing remaining part of the syllabus. There will be two
parts: Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions (preferably, 2 questions each from the
completed modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), having 3 marks for each
question adding up to 15 marks for part A. Students should answer all questions from Part A.
Part B contains 7 questions (preferably, 3 questions each from the completed modules and 1
question from the partly completed module), each with 7 marks. Out of the 7 questions, a student
should answer any 5.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from
each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B
contains 2 full questions from each module of which student should answer any one. Each
question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carries 14 marks.

Syllabus
Module – 1 (Fundamentals of Logic)
Mathematical logic - Basic connectives and truth table, Statements, Logical Connectives,
Tautology, Contradiction. Logical Equivalence - The Laws of Logic, The Principle of duality,
Substitution Rules . The implication - The Contrapositive, The Converse,The Inverse.
Logical Implication - Rules of Inference. The use of Quantifiers - Open Statement, Quantifier.
Logically Equivalent – Contrapositive, Converse , Inverse , Logical equivalences and
implications for quantified statement, Implications , Negation .

Module - 2 (Fundamentals of Counting Theory)

The Rule of Sum – Extension of Sum Rule . The Rule of Product - Extension of Product Rule .
Permutations. Combinations. The Binomial Theorem (without proof). Combination with
Repetition. The Pigeon hole Principle. The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion Theorem
(Without Proof) - Generalization of the Principle. Derangements.

Module - 3 ( Relations and Functions )

Cartesian Product - Binary Relation. Function – domain , range-one to one function, Image-
restriction. Properties of Relations- Reachability Relations, Reflexive Relations, Symmetric
Relations, Transitive relations, Anti-symmetric Relations, Partial Order relations, Equivalence
Relations, Irreflexive relations.

Partially ordered Set – Hasse Diagram, Maximal-Minimal Element, Least upper bound (lub),
Greatest Lower bound(glb) ( Topological sorting Algorithm- excluded). Equivalence Relations
and Partitions - Equivalence Class.

Lattice - Dual Lattice , Sub lattice , Properties of glb and lub , Properties of Lattice , Special
Lattice , Complete Lattice, Bounded Lattice, Completed Lattice , Distributive Lattice.

Module - 4 (Generating Functions and Recurrence Relations)

Generating Function - Definition and Examples , Calculation techniques, Exponential
generating function. First order linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients –
homogeneous, non-homogeneous Solution. Second order linear recurrence relations with
constant coefficients, homogeneous, non-homogeneous Solution.

Module - 5 (Algebraic Structures )

Algebraic system-properties- Homomorphism and Isomorphism. Semi group and monoid –
cyclic monoid , sub semi group and sub monoid, Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Semi
group and monoids. Group- Elementary properties, subgroup, symmetric group on three
symbols ,The direct product of two groups, Group Homomorphism, Isomorphism of groups,
Cyclicgroup. R i g h t c o s e t s - L e f t c o s e t s . L a g r a n g e ’s T h e o r e m

Text Book

1. Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics (An Applied Introduction), Ralph P Grimaldi, B

V Ramana , 5th Edition, Pearson

Reference Books
1) Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications with Combinatorics and
Graph Theory, Seventh Edition, MGH, 2011
2) Trembly J.P and Manohar R, “Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to
Computer Science”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
3) Bernard Kolman, Robert C. Busby, Sharan Cutler Ross, “Discrete Mathematical
Structures”, Pearson Education Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2003
4) Kenneth H .Rosen, “Discrete Mathematics and its Applications”, 5/e, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Pub. Co. Ltd, New Delhi 2003
5) Richard Johnsonbaugh, “Discrete Mathematics”, 5/e, Pearson Education Asia, NewDelhi,
2002.
6) Joe L Mott, Abraham Kandel, Theodore P Baker,“Discrete Mathematics for Computer
Scientists and Mathematicians”, 2/e, Prentice-Hall India, 2009.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. Show that R⋁M , R⋁S , M, S cannot exist simultaneously (without using truth
table)
2. Represent the following statement in symbolic form “Not every city in Canada is clean”.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2):
1. How many possible arrangements are there for the letters in MASSASAUGA in which 4
A’ s are together?
2. Find the number of integers between 1 and 1000 inclusive, which are not divisible by 5,
6 or 8
Course Outcome 3 (CO3):
1. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, give an example of a relation R that is reflexive and symmetric but not
transitive.
2. Let Z be the set of integers. R is a relation called “Congruence Modulo 3 “ defined by R
= { (x,y) /x ɛ Z,y ɛ Z, x - y is divisible by 3 } . Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4):
1. Assume A ={ a, b, c}. Let P(A) be its power set and ‘≤ ‘ be the subset relation on the
power set. Draw the Hasse diagram of (P(A), ≤).
2. What is meant by Bounded Lattice ? Give an example.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5):
1. Solve ar- 3ar-1- 4ar-2 = 3r using Generating function method; Given a0 = 1, a1 = 2.
2. Find the generating function for the sequence 1, 3, 32, 33 …….
Course Outcome 6 (CO6):
1. Prove that the group { 1,-1, i, -i } is cyclic with generators i and –i.
2. State and prove Lagrange’s Theorem.
 Model Question Paper
QP CODE:
Reg No:______________
Name :______________ PAGES : 3

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR

Course Code: MAT 203

Course Name: Discrete Mathematical Structures

Max.Marks :100 Duration: 3 Hrs

PART A

Answer all Questions. Each question carries 3 Marks

1. Show the following implication without constructing the truth table: (P ^ Q) => P→Q
2. Write the negation of the following statement. “ If I drive, then I will not walk”
3. What is pigeon hole principle? Explain. If you select any five numbers from 1 to 8 then
prove that at least two of them will add up to 9 .
4. In how many ways can the letters of the word ALLAHABAD be arranged ?
5. Show that the divisibility relation ' / ' is a partial ordering on the set Z+.
6. Consider the functions given by f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2. Find (g o f ) and ( f o g).
7. What is meant by exponential generating function? Explain.
8. Provide one example of linear homogeneous recurrence relation. Mention the degree
also.
9. What is a monoid ? Explain.
10. Let (A, .) be a group. Show that (ab)-1 = b-1a-1

(10 x 3 = 30 Marks)

PART B

(Answer any one Question from each Module. Each question carries 14 Marks)

11.
(a) Show that S ⋁ R is tautologically implied by (PVQ) ⋀ (P→R) ⋀ (Q→S)
(6 marks)
 (b) Show that from
(ii) (∃x)(F(x) ⋀ S(x)) → (y) (M(y) → W(y)).
(iii)(∃y) (M(y) ⋀ W(y)) the conclusion (x)(F(x) → S(x)) follows.
(8 marks)
OR
12.
(a) Show that (x) (P(x) ⋁ Q(x)) ⇒ ((x)P(x) ⋁ (∃x) Q(x)) using indirect method of
proof .
(6 marks)
(b) Discuss indirect method of proof . Show that the following premises are inconsistent

(i) If Jack misses many classes through illness, then he fails high school.
(ii) If Jack fails high school, then he is uneducated.
(iii)If Jack reads a lot of books, then he is not uneducated.
(iv) Jack misses many classes through illness and reads a lot of books.
(8 marks)

13.
(a) Explain binomial theorem. Determine the coefficient of x9y3 in the expansion of
(x+y)12, (x+2y)12 and (2x- 3y)12 using binomial theorem.
(6 marks)
(b) How many 5 digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1,2,3,4,5 using the digits without
repetition ?
(i) How many of them are even?
(ii) How many are even and greater than 30,000?
(8 marks)
OR
14.
(a) There are 8 guests in a party. Each guest brings a gift and receives another gift in
return. No one is allowed to receive the gift they bought. How many ways are there to
distribute the gifts?
(6 marks)
(b) Six papers are set in an examination of which two are mathematical. Only one
examination will be conducted in a day. In how many different orders ,can the papers
be arranged so that
(i) Two mathematical papers are consecutive?
(ii) Two mathematical papers are not consecutive?
(8 marks)

15.
 (a) Let A = { 1,2,3,4,...11,12} and let R be the equivalence relation on A x A defined by
(a,b) R (c,d) iff a+d = b+c. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and find the
equivalence class of (2 ,5)
(8 marks)
(b) What is a chain lattice ? Explain. Also show that every chain is a distributive lattice.
(6 marks)
OR
16.
(a) Suppose f(x) = x+2 , g(x) = x-2, and h(x) = 3x for x ɛ R , where R is the set of real
numbers. Find (g o f ) , ( f o g ) , (f o f) and ( g o g)
(8 marks)
(b) Let R and S be two relations on a set A . If R and S are symmetric, Prove that (R∩S)
is also symmetric.
(6 marks)

17.
(a) Solve the recurrence relation ar - 7ar-1+ 10ar-2 = 0 for r ≥ 2 ; Given a0 = 0; a1 = 41
using generating functions
(8 marks)
(b) Solve the recurrence relation ar - 4ar-1 + 4ar-2 = (r+1)2 using generating function.
(6 marks)
OR
18.
(a) Solve an - 3an-1 + 2 ; a0 = 1 n ≥ 1, using generating functions.
(8 marks)
(b) Use generating function to solve the following recurrence relation an = 2an-1+ 2n ;
with a0 = 2.
(6 marks)

19.
(a) Prove that the set 'Q' of rational numbers other than 1 forms an abelian group with
respect to the operation ' * ' defined by a * b = a+b -ab.
(8 Marks)
(b) Show that the direct product of two group is a group.
(6 Marks)
OR
20.
(a) Show that the subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic.
(8 Marks)
(b) Let (A,*) be a group. Show that (A,*) is an abelian group if and only if a2* b2=(a*b)2 for all
‘a’ and ‘b’ in A
(6 Marks)
 TEACHING PLAN

No of Lecture
No Contents
Hrs
Module – 1 (Fundamentals of Logic) (9 hrs)

1.1 1
Mathematical logic, Basic Connectives and Truth Table

1.2 Statements, Logical Connectives, Tautology, Contradiction 1

1.3 Logical Equivalence, The Laws of Logic 1
1.4 The Principle of duality, Substitution Rules 1
1.5 The implication, The Contrapositive, the Converse , the Inverse 1
1.6 Logical Implication,Rules of Inference, Logical Implication 1
1.7 The use of Quantifiers, Open Statement, Quantifier, Negation 1
Logically Equivalent, Contrapositive, The Converse, The
1.8 Inverse 1

1.9 Logical Implications 1

Module - 2 (Fundamentals of Counting Theory) (9 hrs)
2.1 The Pigeon-hole Principle 1
2.2 The Rule of Sum 1
2.3 Extension of Sum Rule 1
2.4 The Rule of Product 1
2.5 Extension of Product Rule , Permutations 1
2.6 Combinations, Combination with repetition 1
2.7 The Binomial Theorem 1
The Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion Theorem ( Without
2.8 1
Proof) Generalization of the Principle
2.9 Derangements 1

Module - 3 ( Relations and Functions) (9 hrs)

Cartesian Product, Binary Relation, Function, Domain, Range ,

3.1 1
One to One Function Image - Restriction

Properties, Reachability Relations, Reflexive

3.2 Relations,Symmetric Relations,Transitive relations, 1
Antisymmetric Relations.
3.3 Partial Order relations 1

3.4 Equivalence Relation, Irreflexive Relations. 1

3.5 Partially ordered Set, Hasse Diagram.

1
Maximal-Minimal Element, Least Upper bound, Greatest
3.6 1
Lower Bound

3.7 Equivalence Relations and Partitions ,Equivalence Class 1

3.8 Lattice- Dual Lattice,sub lattice , Properties of glb and lub 1

Properties of Lattice , Special Lattice , Complete Lattice,

3.9 Bounded Lattice, Completed Lattice, Distributive Lattice 1

Module - 4 (Generating Functions and Recurrence Relations) (9 hrs)

4.1 Generating Function , Definition and Examples 1

Exponential Generating Function.

4.2 1

First Order Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant

4.3 Coefficients (Lecture I) 1

First Order Linear Recurrence Relations with Constant

4.4 1
Coefficients (Lecture II)

4.5 Homogeneous Solution 1

4.6 Non homogeneous Solution 1

Second order linear recurrence relations with constant

4.7 1
coefficients

4.8 Homogeneous Solution 1

4.9 Non homogeneous Solution 1

Module - 5 (Algebraic Structures )( 9 hrs)

Algebraic System-Properties, Homomorphism and
5.1 1
Isomorphism

5.2 Semi group , Monoid, Cyclic monoid 1

5.3 Sub semigroup and sub monoid 1

5.4 Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Semigroup, Monoids and

1
Groups
Elementary Properties, Subgroup, Symmetric group on three
5.5 symbols 1

5.6 The direct Product of two Groups 1

5.7 Group Homomorphism, Isomorphism, Cyclic group 1

5.8 Right coset, Left coset 1

5.9 Lagrange’s Theorem 1

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ECT201 SOLID STATE DEVICES CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to understand the physics and working of solid state devices.

Prerequisite: EST130 Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Apply Fermi-Dirac Distribution function and Compute carrier concentration at

equilibrium and the parameters associated with generation, recombination and transport
mechanism

CO 2 Explain drift and diffusion currents in extrinsic semiconductors and Compute current
density due to these effects.
CO 3 Define the current components and derive the current equation in a pn junction diode and
bipolar junction transistor.

CO 4 Explain the basic MOS physics and derive the expressions for drain current in linear and
saturation regions.

CO 5 Discuss scaling of MOSFETs and short channel effects.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 3 3
1
CO 3 3
2
CO 3 3
3
CO 3 3
4
CO 3
5

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember 10 10 20
Understand 25 25 50
Apply 15 15 30
Analyse
Evaluate
Create
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Compute carrier concentration at equilibrium and the parameters
associated with generation, recombination and transport mechanism

1. Derive the expression for equilibrium electron and hole concentration.

2. Explain the different recombination mechanisms

3. Solve numerical problems related to carrier concentrations at equilibrium, energy band

diagrams and excess carrier concentrations in semiconductors.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2) : Compute current density in extrinsic semiconductors in specified

electric field and due to concentration gradient.

1. Derive the expression for the current density in a semiconductor in response to the applied
electric field.

2. Derive the expression for diffusion current in semiconductors.

3. Show that diffusion length is the average distance a carrier can diffuse before recombining.

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Define the current components and derive the current equation in
a pn junction diode and bipolar junction transistor.

1. Derive ideal diode equation.

2. Derive the expression for minority carrier distribution and terminal currents in a BJT.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
3. Solve numerical problems related to PN junction diode and BJT.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Explain the basic MOS physics with specific reference on
MOSFET characteristics and current derivation.

1. Illustrate the working of a MOS capacitor in the three different regions of operation.

2. Explain the working of MOSFET and derive the expression for drain current.

3. Solve numerical problems related to currents and parameters associated with MOSFETs.

Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Discuss the concepts of scaling and short channel effects of
MOSFET.

1. Explain the different MOSFET scaling techniques.

2. Explain the short channel effects associated with reduction in size of MOSFET.

SYLLABUS
MODULE I
Elemental and compound semiconductors, Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, concept of
effective mass, Fermions-Fermi Dirac distribution, Fermi level, Doping & Energy band
diagram, Equilibrium and steady state conditions, Density of states & Effective density of
states, Equilibrium concentration of electrons and holes.
Excess carriers in semiconductors: Generation and recombination mechanisms of excess
carriers, quasi Fermi levels.
MODULE II
Carrier transport in semiconductors, drift, conductivity and mobility, variation of mobility
with temperature and doping, Hall Effect.
Diffusion, Einstein relations, Poisson equations, Continuity equations, Current flow
equations, Diffusion length, Gradient of quasi Fermi level

MODULE III
PN junctions : Contact potential, Electrical Field, Potential and Charge distribution at the
junction, Biasing and Energy band diagrams, Ideal diode equation.
Metal Semiconductor contacts, Electron affinity and work function, Ohmic and Rectifying
Contacts, current voltage characteristics.
Bipolar junction transistor, current components, Transistor action, Base width modulation.

MODULE IV
Ideal MOS capacitor, band diagrams at equilibrium, accumulation, depletion and inversion,
threshold voltage, body effect, MOSFET-structure, types, Drain current equation (derive)-
linear and saturation region, Drain characteristics, transfer characteristics.

MODULE V
MOSFET scaling – need for scaling, constant voltage scaling and constant field scaling.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Sub threshold conduction in MOS.
Short channel effects- Channel length modulation, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering, Velocity
Saturation, Threshold Voltage Variations and Hot Carrier Effects.
Non-Planar MOSFETs: Fin FET –Structure, operation and advantages

Text Books

1. Ben G. Streetman and Sanjay Kumar Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson
6/e, 2010 (Modules I, II and III)

2. Sung Mo Kang, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill,
Third Ed., 2002 (Modules IV and V)

Reference Books
1. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, McGraw Hill, 4/e, 2012

2. Sze S.M., Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, John Wiley, 3/e, 2005

3. Pierret, Semiconductor Devices Fundamentals, Pearson, 2006

4. Sze S.M., Physics of Semiconductor Devices, John Wiley, 3/e, 2005

5. Achuthan, K N Bhat, Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices, 1e, McGraw Hill,2015

6. Yannis Tsividis, Operation and Modelling of the MOS Transistor, Oxford University
Press.
7. Jan M.Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, Digital Integrated Circuits - A
Design Perspective, PHI.

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures
1 MODULE 1
1.1 Elemental and compound semiconductors, Intrinsic and Extrinsic 2
semiconductors, Effective mass
1.2 Fermions-Fermi Dirac distribution, Fermi level, Doping & Energy band 2
diagram,
1.3 Equilibrium and steady state conditions, Density of states & Effective 1
density of states
1.4 Equilibrium concentration of electrons and holes. 1
1.5 Excess carriers in semiconductors: Generation and recombination 2
mechanisms of excess carriers, quasi Fermi levels.

1.6 TUTORIAL 2

2 MODULE 2

2.1 Carrier transport in semiconductors, drift, conductivity and mobility, 2

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
variation of mobility with temperature and doping.
2.2 Diffusion equation 1
2.3 Einstein relations, Poisson equations 1
2.4 Poisson equations, Continuity equations, Current flow equations 1
2.5 Diffusion length, Gradient of quasi Fermi level 1
2.6 TUTORIAL 2

3 MODULE 3
3.1 PN junctions : Contact potential, Electrical Field, Potential and Charge 2
distribution at the junction, Biasing and Energy band diagrams,
3.2 Ideal diode equation 1
3.3 Metal Semiconductor contacts, Electron affinity and work function, 3
Ohmic and Rectifying Contacts, current voltage characteristics.
3.4 Bipolar junction transistor – working,, current components, Transistor 2
action, Base width modulation.
3.5 Derivation of terminal currents in BJT 2
3.6 TUTORIAL 1

4 MODULE 4
4.1 Ideal MOS capacitor, band diagrams at equilibrium, accumulation, 2
depletion and inversion
4.2 Threshold voltage, body effect 1
4.3 MOSFET-structure, working, types, 2
4.4 Drain current equation (derive)- linear and saturation region, Drain 2
characteristics, transfer characteristics.
4.5 TUTORIAL 1

5 MODULE 5
5.1 MOSFET scaling – need for scaling, constant voltage scaling and 2
constant field scaling.
5.2 Sub threshold conduction in MOS. 1
5.3 Short channel effects- Channel length modulation, Drain Induced Barrier 3
Lowering, Velocity Saturation, Threshold Voltage Variations and Hot Carrier
Effects.
5.4 Non-Planar MOSFETs: Fin FET –Structure, operation and advantages 1
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

ECT 201 SOLID STATE DEVICES

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks:100

PART A

Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks.

1. Draw the energy band diagram of P type and N type semiconductor materials, clearly
indicating the different energy levels.
2. Indirect recombination is a slow process. Justify
3. Explain how mobility of carriers vary with temperature.
4. Show that diffusion length is the average length a carrier moves before recombination.
5. Derive the expression for contact potential in a PN junction diode.
6. Explain Early effect? Mention its effect on terminal currents of a BJT.
7. Derive the expression for threshold voltage of a MOSFET.
8. Explain the transfer characteristics of a MOSFET in linear and saturation regions.
9. Explain Subthreshold conduction in a MOSFET. Write the expression for Subthreshold
current.
10. Differentiate between constant voltage scaling and constant field scaling

PART B

Answer any one question from each module. Each question carries 14 marks.

MODULE I

11. (a) Derive law of mass action. (8 marks)

5 21
(b) An n-type Si sample with Nd =10 cm is steadily illuminated such that gop = 10 -3

EHP/cm3 s. If τn = τp = 1μs for this excitation. Calculate the separation in the Quasi-s for this excitation. Calculate the separation in the Quasi-
Fermi levels (Fn-Fp). Draw the Energy band diagram.. (6 marks)
12. (a) Draw and explain Fermi Dirac Distribution function and position of Fermi level in
intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. (8 marks)
(b) The Fermi level in a Silicon sample at 300 K is located at 0.3 eV below the bottom of
the conduction band. The effective densities of states NC= 3.22 X 1019 cm-3 and
NV=1.83 x 1019 cm-3. Determine (a) the electron and hole concentrations at 300K
(b) the intrinsic carrier concentration at 400 K. (6 marks)
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MODULE II

13. (a) Derive the expression for mobility, conductivity and Drift current density in a
semiconductor. (8 marks)
(b) A Si bar 0.1 µm long and 100 µm2 in cross-sectional area is doped with 1017 cm- 3
phosphorus. Find the current at 300 K with 10 V applied. (b). How long will it take an
average electron to drift 1 µm in pure Si at an electric field of 100 V/cm? (6 marks)
14. (a) A GaAs sample is doped so that the electron and hole drift current densities are equal in
an applied electric field. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of electron and hole, the
net doping and the sample resistivity at 300 K. Given μs for this excitation. Calculate the separation in the Quasi-n = 8500 cm2/Vs, μs for this excitation. Calculate the separation in the Quasi-p = 400 cm2/Vs,
ni = 1.79 x 106 cm-3. (7 marks)
(b) Derive the steady-state diffusion equations in semiconductors. (6 marks)

MODULE III
15. (a) Derive the expression for ideal diode equation. State the assumptions used. (9 marks)
(b) Boron is implanted into an n-type Si sample (Nd = 1016cm-3), forming an abrupt
junction of square cross section with area = 2 x 10-3 cm 2 . Assume that the acceptor
concentration in the p-type region is Na = 4 x 1018 cm-3 . Calculate V0 , W, Q+, and E0
for this junction at equilibrium (300 K). (5 marks)
16. With the aid of energy band diagrams, explain how a metal – N type Schottky contact
function as rectifying and ohmic contacts. (14 marks)

MODULE IV
17. (a) Starting from the fundamentals, derive the expression for drain current of a MOSFET
in the two regions of operation. (8 Marks)
(b) Find the maximum depletion width, minimum capacitance Ci, and threshold voltage
for an ideal MOS capacitor with a 10-nm gate oxide (Si02) on p-type Si with Na = 1016
cm-3. (b) Include the effects of flat band voltage, assuming an n + polysilicon gate and
fixed oxide charge of 5 x 1010 q (C/cm2). (6 marks)
18. (a) Explain the CV characteristics of an ideal MOS capacitor (8 Marks)
(b) For a long channel n-MOSFET with W = 1V, calculate the VG required for an ID(sat.) of
0.1 mA and VD(sat.) of 5V. Calculate the small-signal output conductance g and V the
transconductance g m(sat.) at VD = 10V. Recalculate the new ID for (VG - VT) = 3 and VD =
4V. (6 marks)
MODULE V

19. Explain Drain induced barrier lowering, Velocity Saturation, Threshold Voltage Variations
and Hot Carrier Effects associated with scaling down of MOSFETs (14 marks)
20. With the aid of suitable diagrams explain the structure and working of a FINFET. List its
advantages (14 marks)
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ECT 203 LOGIC CIRCUIT DESIGN CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to impart the basic knowledge of logic circuits and enable
students to apply it to design a digital system.

Prerequisite: EST130 Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Explain the elements of digital system abstractions such as digital representations of

information, digital logic and Boolean algebra
CO 2 Create an implementation of a combinational logic function described by a truth table
using and/or/inv gates/ muxes
CO 3 Compare different types of logic families with respect to performance and efficiency

CO 4 Design a sequential logic circuit using the basic building blocks like flip-flops
CO 5 Design and analyze combinational and sequential logic circuits through gate level
Verilog models.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO 12
1 10 11
CO 1 3 3
CO 2 3 3 3
CO 3 3 3
CO 4 3 3 3
CO 5 3 3 3 3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember 10 10 10
Understand 20 20 20
Apply 20 20 70
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Course project : 15 marks
It is mandatory that a course project shall be undertaken by a student for this subject. The course
project can be performed either as a hardware realization/simulation of a typical digital system using
combinational or sequential logic. Instead of two assignments, two evaluations may be performed on
the course project along with series tests, each carrying 5 marks. Upon successful completion of the
project, a brief report shall be submitted by the student which shall be evaluated for 5 marks. The
report has to be submitted for academic auditing. A few samples projects are given below:
Sample course projects:
1. M-Sequence Generator Psuedo random sequences are popularly used in wireless communication.
A sequence generator is used to produce pseudo random codes that are useful in spread spectrum
applications. Their generation relies on irreducible polynomials.A maximal length sequence generator
that relies on the polynomial P (D) = D7 + D3 + 1, with each D represent delay of one clock cycle.
 An 8-bit shift register that is configured as a ring counter may be used realize the above
equation.
 This circuit can be developed in verilog, simulated, synthesized and programmed into a tiny
FPGA and tested in real time.
 Observe the M-sequnce from parallel outputs of shift register for one period . Count the
number of 1s and zeros in one cycle.
 Count the number of runs of 1s in singles, pairs, quads etc. in the pattern.
2. BCD Subtractor
 Make 4 -bit parallel adder circuit in verilog.
 Make a one digit BCD subtracter in Verilog, synthesize and write into a tiny FPGA.
 Test the circuit with BCD inputs.
3. Digital Thermometer
 Develop a circuit with a temperature sensor and discrete components to measure and dispaly
temperature.
 Solder the circuit on PCB and test it.
4. Electronic Display
 This display should receive the input from an alphanumeric keyboard and display it on an
LCD diplay.
 The decoder and digital circuitry is to developed in Verilog and programmed into a tiny
FPGA.
5. Electronic Roulette Wheel
 32 LEDs are placed in a circle and numbered that resembles a roulette wheel.
 A 32-bit shift register generates a random bit pattern with a single 1 in it.
 When a push button is pressed the single 1 lights one LED randomly.
 Develop the shift register random pattern generator in verilog and implement on a tiny FPGA
and test the circuit.
6. Three Bit Carry Look Ahead Adder
 Design the circuit of a three bit carry look ahead adder.
 Develop the verilog code for it and implement and test it on a tiny FPGA. item Compare the
performance with a parallel adder.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks. The questions on
verlog modelling should not have a credit more than 25% of the whole mark.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1) : Number Systems and Codes

1. Consider the signed binary numbers A = 01000110 and B = 11010011 where B is in 2’s
complement form. Find the value of the following mathematical expression (i) A + B (ii)
A–B
2. Perform the following operations (i)D9CE16-CFDA16 (ii) 65758-57328
3. Convert decimal 6,514 to both BCD and ASCII codes. For ASCII, an even parity bit is to
be appended at the left.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2) : Boolean Postulates and combinational circuits

1. Design a magnitude comparator to compare two 2-bit numbers A = A1A0 and B = B1B0B
2. Simplify using K-map F(a,b,c,d) = Σ m (4,5,7,8,9,11,12,13,15)
3. Explain the operation of a 8x1 multiplexer and implement the following using an 8x1
multiplexer F(A, B, C, D) = Σ m (0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14)

Course Outcome 3 (CO3) : Logic families and its characteristics

1. Define the terms noise margin, propagation delay and power dissipation of logic families.
Compare TTL and CMOS logic families showing the values of above mentioned terms.
2. Draw the circuit and explain the operation of a TTL NAND gate
3. Compare TTL, CMOS logic families in terms of fan-in, fan-out and supply voltage

Course Outcome 4 (CO4) : Sequential Logic Circuits

1. Realize a T flip-flop using NAND gates and explain the operation with truth table,
excitation table and characteristic equation
2. Explain a MOD 6 asynchronous counter using JK Flip Flop
3. Draw the logic diagram of 3 bit PIPO shift register with LOAD/SHIFT control and
explain its working

Course Outcome 5 (CO5) : Logic Circuit Design using HDL

1. Design a 4-to-1 mux using gate level Verilog model.

2. Design a verilog model for a hald adder circuit. Make a one bit full adder by connecting
two half adder models.
3. Compare concurrent signal assignment versus sequential signal assignment.

Syllabus

Module 1: Number Systems and Codes:

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Binary and hexadecimal number systems; Methods of base conversions; Binary and
hexadecimal arithmetic; Representation of signed numbers; Fixed and floating point
numbers; Binary coded decimal codes; Gray codes; Excess 3 code. Alphanumeric codes:
ASCII. Basics of verilog -- basic language elements: identifiers, data objects, scalar data
types, operators.

Module 2: Boolean Postulates and Fundamental Gates

Boolean postulates and laws – Logic Functions and Gates De-Morgan’s Theorems, Principle
of Duality, Minimization of Boolean expressions, Sum of Products (SOP), Product of Sums
(POS), Canonical forms, Karnaugh map Minimization. Modeling in verilog, Implementation
of gates with simple verilog codes.

Module 3: Combinatorial and Arithmetic Circuits

Combinatorial Logic Systems - Comparators, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Encoder,
Decoder. Half and Full Adders, Subtractors, Serial and Parallel Adders, BCD Adder.
Modeling and simulation of combinatorial circuits with verilog codes at the gate level.

Module 4: Sequential Logic Circuits:

Building blocks like S-R, JK and Master-Slave JK FF, Edge triggered FF, Conversion of
Flipflops, Excitation table and characteristic equation. Implementation with verilog codes.
Ripple and Synchronous counters and implementation in verilog, Shift registers-SIPO, SISO,
PISO, PIPO. Shift Registers with parallel Load/Shift, Ring counter and Johnsons counter.
Asynchronous and Synchronous counter design, Mod N counter. Modeling and simulation of
flipflops and counters in verilog.
Module 5: Logic families and its characteristics:

TTL, ECL, CMOS - Electrical characteristics of logic gates – logic levels and noise margins,
fan-out, propagation delay, transition time, power consumption and power-delay product.
TTL inverter - circuit description and operation; CMOS inverter - circuit description and
operation; Structure and operations of TTL and CMOS gates; NAND in TTL and CMOS,
NAND and NOR in CMOS.
Text Books

1. Mano M.M., Ciletti M.D., “Digital Design”, Pearson India, 4th Edition. 2006

2. D.V. Hall, “Digital Circuits and Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1989
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
3. S. Brown, Z. Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design”,
McGraw Hill

4. Samir Palnikar“Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Syntheis”, Sunsoft

Press

5. R.P. Jain, “Modern digital Electronics”, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 2009

Reference Books

1. W.H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics – An introduction to theory and practice”, PHI,

2nd edition ,2006
2. Wakerly J.F., “Digital Design: Principles and Practices,” Pearson India, 4th 2008
.
3. A. Ananthakumar ,”Fundamentals of Digital Circuits”, Prentice Hall, 2nd edition,
2016
4. Fletcher, William I., An Engineering Approach to Digital Design, 1st Edition,
Prentice Hall India, 1980

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures

1 Number Systems and Codes:
1.1 Binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems; Methods of base 2
conversions;
1.2 Binary, octal and hexadecimal arithmetic; 1
1.3 Representation of signed numbers; Fixed and floating point numbers; 3
1.4 Binary coded decimal codes; Gray codes; Excess 3 code : 1
1.5 Error detection and correction codes - parity check codes and Hamming 3
code-Alphanumeric codes:ASCII
1.6 Verilog basic language elements: identifiers, data objects, scalar data types, 2
operators

2 Boolean Postulates and Fundamental Gates:

2.1 Boolean postulates and laws – Logic Functions and Gates, De-Morgan’s 2
Theorems, Principle of Duality
2.2 Minimization of Boolean expressions, Sum of Products (SOP), Product of 2
Sums (POS)
2.3 Canonical forms, Karnaugh map Minimization 1
2.4 Gate level modelling in Verilog: Basic gates, XOR using NAND and NOR 2

3 Combinatorial and Arithmetic Circuits

3.1 Combinatorial Logic Systems - Comparators, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers 2

3.2 Encoder, Decoder, Half and Full Adders, Subtractors, Serial and Parallel 3
Adders, BCD Adder
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
3.3 Gate level modelling combinational logic circuits in Verilog: half adder, full 3
adder, mux, demux, decoder, encoder

4 Sequential Logic Circuits:

4.1 Building blocks like S-R, JK and Master-Slave JK FF, Edge triggered FF 2
4.2 Conversion of Flipflops, Excitation table and characteristic equation. 1
4.3 Ripple and Synchronous counters, Shift registers-SIPO.SISO,PISO,PIPO 2
4.4 Ring counter and Johnsons counter, Asynchronous and Synchronous 3
counter design
4.5 Mod N counter, Random Sequence generator 1
4.6 Modelling sequential logic circuits in Verilog: flipflops, counters 2

5 Logic families and its characteristics:

5.1 TTL,ECL,CMOS- Electrical characteristics of logic gates – logic levels and 3

noise margins, fan-out, propagation delay, transition time, power
consumption and power-delay product.
5.2 TTL inverter - circuit description and operation 1
5.3 CMOS inverter - circuit description and operation 1
5.4 Structure and operations of TTL and CMOS gates; NAND in TTL, NAND 2
and NOR in CMOS.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Simulation Assignments (ECT203)

The following simulations can be done in QUCS, KiCad or PSPICE.

BCD Adder

• Realize a one bit paraller adder, simulate and test it.

• Cascade four such adders to form a four bit parallel adder.

• Simulate it and make it into a subcircuit.

• Develop a one digit BCD adder, based on the subcircuit, simulate and test it

BCD Subtractor

• Use the above 4 -bit adder subcircuit, implement and simulate a one digit BCD subtractor.

• Test it with two BCD inputs

Logic Implementation with Multiplexer

• Develop an 8 : 1 multiplexer using gates, simulate, test and make it into a subcircuit.

• Use this subcircuit to implement the logic function f (A, B, C) =

P
m(1, 3, 7)

• Modify the truth table properly and implement the logic function f (A, B, C, D) =
P
m(1, 4, 12, 14)
using one 8 : 1 multiplexer.

BCD to Seven Segment Decoder

• Develop a BCD to seven segment decoder using gates and make it into a subcircuit.

• simulate this and test it

Ripple Counters

• Understand the internal circuit of 7490 IC and develop it in the simulator.

• Make it into a subcircuit and simulate it. Observe the truth table and timing diagrams for
mod-5, mod-2 and mod-10 operation.

• Develop a mod-40 (mod-8 and mod-5) counter by cascading two such subcircuits.

• Simulate and observe the timing diagram and truth table.

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Synchronous Counters

• Design and develop a 4-bit synchronous counter using J-K flip-flops.

• Perform digital simulation and observe the timing diagram and truth table.

Sequence Generator

• Connect D flip-flops to realize and 8-bit shift register and make it into a subcircuit.

• sequence generator that relies on the polynomial P (D) = D7 + D3 + 1, with each D represent
delay of one clock cycle

• Simulate and observe this maximal length pseudo random sequence.

Transfer Characteristics of TTL and CMOS Inverters

• Develop a standard TTL circuit and perform sweep simulation and observe the transfer char-
acteristics. Compute the threshold voltage and noise margns.

• Develop and simulate standard CMOS inverter circuit and perform sweep simulation and
observe the transfer characteristics. Compute the threshold voltage and noise margins.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Model Question Paper

A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University

Third Semester B Tech Degree Examination

Branch: Electronics and Communication

Course: ECT 203 Logic Circuit Design
Time: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 100

PART A
Answer All Questions

1 Convert 203.5210 to binary and hexadecimal. (3) K1

2 Compare bitwise and logical verilog operators (3) K1
3 Prove that NAND and NOR are not associative. (3) K2
4 Convert the expression ABCD+ABC+ACD to minterms. (3) K2
5 Define expressions in Verilog with example. (3) K2
6 Explain the working of a decoder. (3) K1
7 What is race around condition? (3) K1
8 Convert a T flip-flop to D flip-flop. (3) K2
9 Define fan-in and fan-out of logic circuits. (3) K2
10 Define noise margin and how can you calculate it? (3) K2

PART B
Answer one question from each module. Each question carries 14 mark.

Module I

11(A) Subtract 4610 from 10010 using 2’s complement arithmetic. (8) K2
11(B) Give a brief description on keywords and identifiers in Ver- (6) K2
ilog with example.

OR

1
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

12(A) Explain the floating and fixed point representation of num- (8) K2
bers
12(A) Explain the differences between programming lanuguages (6) K2
and HDLs

Module II

13(A) Simplify using K-map (7) K3

X
f (A, B, C, D) = m(4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15)

using K-maps
13(B) Write a Verilog code for implementing above function (7) K3

OR

14(A) Write a Verilog code to implement the basic gates. (7) K3

14(B) Reduce the following Boolean function using K-Map and (7) K3
implement the simplified function using the logic gates
X
f (A, B, C, D) = (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14)

Module III

15(A) Design a 3-bit magnitude comparator circuit. (8) K3

15(B) Write a Verilog description for a one bit full adder circuit. (6) K3

OR

16(A) Write a verilog code to implement 4:1 multiplexer (6) K3

16(B) Implement the logic function (8) K3
X
f (A, B, C) = m(0, 1, 4, 7)

using 8 : 1 and 4 : 1 multiplexers.

2
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Module IV

17 Design MOD 12 asynchronous counter using T flip-flop. (14) K3

OR

18(A) Explain the operation of Master Slave JK flipflop. (7) K3

18(B) Derive the ouput Qn+1 in Terms of Jn , Kn and Qn (7) K3

Module V

19(A) Explain in detail about TTL with open collector output con- (8) K2
figuration.
19(B) Draw an ECL basic gate and explain. (6) K2

OR

20(A) Demonstrate the CMOS logic circuit configuration and char- (8) K2
acteristics in detail.
20(B) Compare the characteristics features of TTL and ECL dig- (6) K2
ital logic families

3
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ECT205 NETWORK THEORY CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to analyze the linear time invariant electronic circuits.

Prerequisite: EST130 Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

MAT102 Vector Calculus, Differential Equations and Transforms (Laplace Transform)

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Apply Mesh / Node analysis or Network Theorems to obtain steady state response of
K3 the linear time invariant networks.
CO 2 Apply Laplace Transforms to determine the transient behaviour of RLC networks.
K3
CO 3 Apply Network functions and Network Parameters to analyse the single port and two
K3 port networks.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO 12
10 11
CO 3 3 2
1
CO 3 3 2
2
CO 3 3 2
3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember K1 10 10 10
Understand K2 20 20 20
Apply K3 20 20 70
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Obtain steady state response of the network using Mesh /
Node analysis. (K3)

1. Enumerate different types of sources in electronic networks.

2. Solve networks containing independent and dependent sources using Mesh / Node
analysis.

3. Evolve the steady-state AC analysis of a given network using Mesh or Node analysis.

Course Outcome 1 (CO1) : Obtain steady state response of the network using Network
Theorems. (K3)

1. Determine the branch current of the given network with dependent source using
superposition theorem.

2. State and prove Maximum Power Transfer theorem.

3. Find the Thevenin’s / Norton’s equivalent circuit across the port of a given network having
dependent source.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Determine the transient behaviour of network using Laplace
Transforms (K3)

1. The switch is opened at t = 0 after steady state is achieved in given network. Find the
expression for the transient output current.

2. Find the Laplace Transform of a given waveform.

3. In the given circuit, the switch is closed at , connecting an energy source to the

R,C,L circuit. At time , it is observed that capacitor voltage has a initial value. For the
element values given, determine expression for output voltage after converting the circuit into
transformed domain.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Apply Network functions to analyse the single port and two
port network. (K3)

1. What are the necessary conditions for a network Driving point function and Transfer
functions?

2. Evaluate the Driving point function and Transfer function for the given network,

3. Plot the poles and zeros of the given network.

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Apply Network Parameters to analyse the two port network.
(K3)

1. Deduce the transmission parameters of two port network in terms of two port network
parameters.

2. Define the condition for a two port network to be reciprocal.

3. Two identical sections of the given networks are connected in parallel. Obtain the two port
network parameters of the combination.

SYLLABUS
Module 1 : Mesh and Node Analysis
Mesh and node analysis of network containing independent and dependent sources.
Supermesh and Supernode analysis. Steady-state AC analysis using Mesh and Node analysis.
Module 2 : Network Theorems
Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem,
Maximum power transfer theorem. (applied to both dc and ac circuits having dependent
source).
Module 3 : Application of Laplace Transforms
Review of Laplace Transforms and Inverse Laplace Transforms, Initial value theorem &
Final value theorem, Transformation of basic signals and circuits into s-domain.
Transient analysis of RL, RC, and RLC networks with impulse, step and sinusoidal inputs
(with and without initial conditions). Analysis of networks with transformed impedance and
dependent sources.
Module 4 : Network functions
Network functions for the single port and two port network. Properties of driving point and
transfer functions. Significance of Poles and Zeros of network functions, Time domain
response from pole zero plot. Impulse Function & Response. Network functions in the
sinusoidal steady state, Magnitude and Phase response.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Module 5 : Two port network Parameters
Impedance, Admittance, Transmission and Hybrid parameters of two port network.
Interrelationship among parameter sets. Series and parallel connections of two port networks.
Reciprocal and Symmetrical two port network. Characteristic impedance, Image impedance
and propagation constant (derivation not required).
Text Books

1. Valkenburg V., “Network Analysis”, Pearson, 3/e, 2019.

2. Sudhakar A, Shyammohan S. P., “Circuits and Networks- Analysis and Synthesis”, McGraw Hill,
5/e, 2015.

Reference Books

1. Edminister, “Electric Circuits – Schaum’s Outline Series”, McGraw-Hill, 2009.

2. W. Hayt, J. Kemmerly, J. Phillips, S. Durbin, “Engineering Circuit Analysis,” McGraw Hill.

2. K. S. Suresh Kumar, “Electric Circuits and Networks”, Pearson, 2008.

3. William D. Stanley, “Network Analysis with Applications”, 4/e, Pearson, 2006.

4. Ravish R., “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, 2/e, McGraw-Hill, 2015.

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures
1 Mesh and Node Analysis
1.1 Review of circuit elements and Kirchhoff’s Laws 2
1.2 Independent and dependent Sources, Source transformations 1
1.3 Mesh and node analysis of network containing independent and dependent 3
sources
1.4 Supermesh and Supernode analysis 1
1.5 Steady-state AC analysis using Mesh and Node analysis 3

2 Network Theorems (applied to both dc and ac circuits having dependent source)

2.1 Thevenin’s theorem 1
2.2 Norton’s theorem 1
2.3 Superposition theorem 2
2.4 Reciprocity theorem 1
2.5 Maximum power transfer theorem 2

3 Application of Laplace Transforms

3.1 Review of Laplace Transforms 2
3.2 Initial value theorem & Final value theorem (Proof not necessary) 1
3.3 Transformation of basic signals and circuits into s-domain 2
3.4 Transient analysis of RL, RC, and RLC networks with impulse, step, pulse, 3
exponential and sinusoidal inputs
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
3.5 Analysis of networks with transformed impedance and dependent sources 3

4 Network functions
4.1 Network functions for the single port and two port network 2
4.2 Properties of driving point and transfer functions 1
4.3 Significance of Poles and Zeros of network functions, Time domain 1
response from pole zero plot
4.4 Impulse Function & Response 1
4.5 Network functions in the sinusoidal steady state, Magnitude and Phase 3
response

5 Two port network Parameters

5.1 Impedance, Admittance, Transmission and Hybrid parameters of two port 4
network
5.2 Interrelationship among parameter sets 1
5.3 Series and parallel connections of two port networks 2
5.4 Reciprocal and Symmetrical two port network 1
5.5 Characteristic impedance, Image impedance and propagation constant 1
(derivation not required)

Simulation Assignments:

Atleast one assignment should be simulation of steady state and transient analysis of R, L, C circuits
with different types of energy sources on any circuit simulation software. Samples of simulation
assignments are listed below. The following simulations can be done in QUCS, KiCad or PSPICE.

1. Make an analytical solution of Problem 4.3 in page 113 of the book Network Analysis by M E
Van Valkenberg. Realize this circuit in the simulator and observe i(t) and V2 (t) using transient
simulation.

2. Realize a series RLC circuit with

 R = 200Ω, L = 0.1H, C = 13.33µF

 R = 200Ω, L = 0.1H, C = 10µF and
 R = 200Ω, L = 0.1H, C = 1µF and no source respectively. The initial voltage across the
capacitor is 200V Simulate the three circuits, and observe the current i(t) through them.

3. Repeat the above assignment for the three set of component values for a parallel RLC circuit.

4. Refer Problem 9.18 in page 208 in the book Electric Circuits by Nahvi and Edminister 4th
Edition. See Fig. 9.28. Simulate this circuit to verify superposition theorem for the three current
with individual sources and combination.

5. Refer Problem 9.22 in page 210 in the book Electric Circuits by Nahvi and Edminister 4th
Edition. See Fig. 9.32. Implement the circuit on the simulator with V = 30 < 30°. Verify the
duality between the sources V and the current I2 and I3 using simulation.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
6. See Fig. 12.40 in Chapter 12 (page 298) in the above book. Let R1 = R2 = 2kΩ, L =
10mH and C = 40nF. Implement this circuit in the simulator and perform the ac analysis
to plot the frequency response.

Model Question paper

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

THIRD SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT205
Course Name: NETWORK THEORY
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A

Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.

1 Illustrate the source-transformation techniques. K2

2 Explain the concept of supernode. K2
3 State and prove Maximum Power Transfer theorem K1
4 Evaluate the Norton’s equivalent current in the following circuit. K3

5 Evaluate the Laplace Transform of half-wave rectified sine pulse. K3

6 Give the two forms of transformed impedance equivalent circuit of a capacitor with K2
initial charge across it.
7 Enumerate necessary condition for a Network Functions to be Transfer Functions. K1
8 Obtain the pole zero configuration of the impedance function of the following K3
circuit.
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

9 Define the short-circuit admittance parameter with its equivalent circuit. K2

10 Deduce Z-parameter in terms of h-parameter. K2
PART – B

Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.
Module - I
11 Find the voltage V1 using nodal analysis. 7
a.

CO1

K3

b. Find the current through 8 ohms resistor in the following circuit using mesh 7
analysis.

CO1

K3

OR
12 Find the power delivered by the 5A current source using nodal analysis method. 7
CO1
K3
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

b. Determine the values of source currents using Mesh analysis 7

CO1
K3

Module - II
13 Find the current Iy by superposition principle. 7
a.

CO1
K3

b. Find the Norton’s equivalent circuit across the port AB. 7

CO1

K3

OR
14 Determine the maximum power delivered to the load in the circuit. 14
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CO1

K3

Module - III
15 The switch is opened at t = 0 after steady state is achieved. Find the expression for 8
a. the transient current i.

CO2

K3

b. A voltage pulse of unit height and width ‘ T ’ is applied to a low pass RC circuit at 6
time t=0. Determine the expression for the voltage across the capacitor C as a CO2
function of time. K3
OR
16 In the circuit, the switch is closed at , connecting a source to the RC 14

circuit. At time , it is observed that capacitor voltage has the value

CO2
. For the element values given, determine after converting the
K3
circuit into transformed domain.

Module - IV
17 For the network, determine Driving point impedance Z11 (s), Voltage gain Transfer 14
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
function G21 (s) and Current gain Transfer function α21 (s). CO3
K3

OR
18 Compare and contrast the necessary conditions for a network Driving point function 7
a. and Transfer functions. CO3
K2
b. For following network, evaluate the admittance function Y(s) as seen by the source 7
i(t). Also pot the poles and zeros of Y(s).
CO3
K3

Module - V
19 Deduce the transmission parameters of two port network in terms of 10
a.
(i) Z-parameters, (ii) Y-parameters and (iii) Hybrid parameters. CO4
K2
b. How to determine the given two port network is Symmetrical 4
K2
OR
20 Two identical sections of the following networks are connected in parallel. Obtain 14
the Y-parameters of the combination.

K3
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ECL 201 SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LABORATORY CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

PCC 0 0 3 2

Preamble

• The following experiments are designed to translate the mathematical

concepts into system design.

• The students shall use Python for realization of experiments. Other

softwares such as R/MATLAB/SCILAB/LabVIEW can also be used.

• The experiments will lay the foundation for future labs such as DSP
lab.

• The first two experiments are mandatory and any six of the rest should
be done.

Prerequisites

• MAT 101 Linear Algebra and Calculus

• MAT 102 Vector Calculus, Differential Equations and Transforms

Course Outcomes The student will be able to

CO 1 Describe the needs and requirements of scientific computing and to
familiarize one programming language for scientific computing and
data visualization.
CO 2 Approximate an array/matrix with matrix decomposition.
CO 3 Implement numerical integration and differentiation.
CO 4 Solve ordinary differential equations for engineering applications
CO 5 Compute with exported data from instruments
CO 6 Realize how periodic functions are constituted by sinusoids
CO 7 Simulate random processes and understand their statistics.

Mapping of Course Outcomes with Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 3 2 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 3
CO2 3 3 1 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
CO3 3 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
CO4 3 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
CO5 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0
CO6 3 3 2 2 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 0
CO7 3 3 2 2 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 1

1
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Assessment Pattern

Mark Distribution

Total Mark CIE ESE

150 75 75

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern

Attribute Mark
Attendance 15
Continuous assessment 30
Internal Test (Immediately before 30
the second series test)

End Semester Examination Pattern The following guidelines should

be followed regarding award of marks.

Attribute Mark
Preliminary work 15
Implementing the work/Conducting the experiment 10
Performance, result and inference (usage of equipments 25
and trouble shooting)
Viva voce 20
Record 5

General instructions: End-semester practical examination is to be con-

ducted immediately after the second series test covering entire syllabus given
below. Evaluation is to be conducted under the equal responsibility of both
the internal and external examiners. The number of candidates evaluated
per day should not exceed 20. Students shall be allowed for the examination
only on submitting the duly certified record. The external examiner shall
endorse the record.

2
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Course Level Assessment Questions

CO1-The needs and requirements of scientific computing and to
familiarize one programming language for scientific computing and
data visualization
1. Write a function to compute the first N Fibonacci numbers. Run this
code and test it.

2. Write a function to compute the sum of N complex numbers. Run this

code and test it.

3. Write a function to compute the factorial of an integer. Run this code

and test it.

CO2-Approximation an array/matrix with matrix decomposition.

1. Write a function to compute the eigen values of a real valed valued
matrix (say 5×5). Run this code. Plot the eigen values and understand
their variation.

2. Write a function to approximate a 5 × 5 matrix using its first 3 eigen

vales. Run the code and compute the absolute square error in the
approximation.

CO3-Numerical Integration and Differentiation

1. Write and execute a function to return the first and second derivative
of the function f (t) = 3t4 + 5 for the vector t = [−3, 3].

2. Write and execute a function to return the value of

Z 3
e−|t| dt
−3

CO4-Solution of ODE
1. Write and execute a function to return the numerical solution of
d2 x dx
+ 4 + 2x = e−t cos (t)
dt2 dt
.

2. Write and execute a function to solve for the current transient through
an RL network (with Lr = 1) that is driven by the signal 5e−t U (t)

3
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CO5-Data Analysis
1. Connect a signal generator toa DSO and display a 1 V , 3 kHz signal.
Store the trace in a usb device as a spreadsheet. Write and execute a
function to load and dispaly signal from the spreadsheet. Compute the
rms value of the signal.

2. Write and execute a program to display random data in two dimensions

as continuous and discrete plots.

CO6-Convergence of Fourier Series

1. Write the Fourier series of a traingular signal. Compute this sum for
10 and 50 terms respectively. Plot both signals on the same GUI.

CO7-Simulation of Random Phenomena

1. Write and execute a function to toss three fair coins simultaneously.
Compute the probability of getting exactly two heads for 100 and 1000
number of tosses

Experiments
Experiment 1. Familarization of the Computing Tool
1. Needs and requirements in scientific computing

2. Familiarization of a programming language like

Python/R/ MATLAB/SCILAB/LabVIEW for scientific computing

3. Familiarization of data types in the language used.

4. Familiarization of the syntax of while, for, if statements.

5. Basic syntax and execution of small scripts.

Experiment 2. Familarization of Scientific Computing

1. Functions with examples

2. Basic arithmetic functions such as abs, sine, real, imag, complex, sinc
etc. using bulit in modules.

3. Vectorized computing without loops for fast scientific applications.

4
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Experiment 3. Realization of Arrays and Matrices

1. Realize one dimensional array of real and complex numbers

2. stem and continous plots of real arrays using matplotlib/GUIs/charts.

3. Realization of two dimensional arrays and matrices and their visualiza-

tions with imshow/matshow/charts

4. Inverse of a square matrix and the solution of the matrix equation

[A][X] = [b]

where A is an N × N matrix and X and b are N × 1 vectors.

5. Computation of the rank(ρ) and eigen values (λi ) of A

6. Approximate A for N = 1000 with the help of singular value decom-

position of A as
Xr
à = λi Ui ViT
i=0

where Ui and Vi are the singular vectors and λi are the eigen values
with λi < λj for i > j. One may use the built-in functions for singular
value decomposition.

7. Plot the absolute error(ζ) between A and à as ζ = N

P PN
i=1 j=1 |ai,j −
2
a˜i,j | against r for r = 10, 50, 75, 100, 250 , 500, 750 and appreciate the
plot.

Experiment 4. Numerical Differentiation and Integration

1. Realize the functions sin t, cos t, sinht and cosht for the vector t =
[0, 10] with increment 0.01

2. Compute the first and second derivatives of these functions using built
in tools such as grad.

3. Plot the derivatives over the respective functions and appreciate.

4. Familiarize the numerical integration tools in the language you use.

5. Realize the function

f (t) = 4t2 + 3
and plot it for the vector t = [−5, 5] with increment 0.01

5
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

6. Use general integration tool to compute

Z 2
f (t) dt
−2

7. Repeat the above steps with trapezoidal and Simpson method and com-
pare the results.

8. Compute Z ∞
1 x2
√ e− 2 dx
2π 0

using the above three methods.

Experiment 5. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations

1. Solve the first order differential equation

dx
+ 2x = 0
dt
with the initial condition x(0) = 1

2. Solve for the current transient through an RC network (with RC = 3)

that is driven by

• 5 V DC
• the signal 5e−t U (t)

and plot the solutions.

3. Solve the second order differential equation

d2 x dx
+ 2 + 2x = e−t
dt2 dt

4. Solve the current transient through a series RLC circuit with R = 1Ω,
L = 1 mH and C = 1 µF that is driven by

• 5 V DC
• the signal 5e−t U (t)

6
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Experiment 6. Simple Data Visualization

1. Draw stem plots, line plots, box plots, bar plots and scatter plots with
random data.
2. plot the histogram of a random data.
3. create legends in plots.
4. Realize a vector t = [−10, 10] with increment 0.01 as an array.
5. Implement and plot the functions
• f (t) = cos t
• f (t) = cos t cos 5t + cos 5t

Experiment 7. Simple Data Analysis with Spreadsheets

1. Display an electrical signal on DSO and export it as a .csv file.
2. Read this .csv or .xls file as an array and plot it.
3. Compute the mean and standard deviation of the signal. Plot its his-
togram with an appropriate bin size.

Experiment 8. Convergence of Fourier Series

1. The experiment aims to understand the lack of convergence of Fourier
series
2. Realize the Fourier series
4 1 2π3t 1 2π5t 1 2π7t
f (t) = [1 − cos + cos − cos + ···]
π 3 T 5 T 7 T
3. Realize the vector t = [0, 100] with an increment of 0.01 and keep
T = 20.
4. Plot the first 3 or 4 terms on the same graphic window and understand
how the smooth sinusoids add up to a discontinous square function.
5. Compute and plot the series for the first 10, 20, 50 and 100 terms of the
and understand the lack of convergence at the points of discontinuity.
6. With t made a zero vector, f (0) = 1, resulting in the Madhava series
for π as
1 1 1
π = 4[1 − + − + · · · ]
3 5 7
7. Use this to compute π for the first 10, 20, 50 and 100 terms.

7
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Experiment 9: Coin Toss and the Level Crossing Problem

1. Simulate a coin toss that maps a head as 1 and tail as 0.

2. Toss the coin N = 100, 500,1000, 5000 and 500000 times and compute
the probability (p) of head in each case.

3. Compute the absolute error |0.5 − p| in each case and plot against N
and understand the law of large numbers.

4. Create a uniform random vector with maximum magnitude 10, plot

and observe.

5. Set a threshold (VT = 2) and count how many times the random func-
tion has crossed VT .

6. Count how many times the function has gone above and below the
threshold.

Schedule of Experiments Every experiment should be completed in three

hours.

8
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ECL 203 LOGIC DESIGN LAB CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PCC 0 0 3 2

Preamble: This course aims to (i) familiarize students with the Digital Logic Design through
the implementation of Logic Circuits using ICs of basic logic gates (ii) familiarize students
with the HDL based Digital Design Flow.

Prerequisite: Nil

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Design and demonstrate the functioning of various combinational and sequential

circuits using ICs

CO 2 Apply an industry compatible hardware description language to implement digital

circuits

CO 3 Implement digital circuis on FPGA boards and connect external hardware to the
boards

CO 4 Function effectively as an individual and in a team to accomplish the given task

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
1 2 10 11 12
CO 1 3 3 3 3 3
CO 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 3
CO 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 3
CO 4 3 3 3 3 3 3

Assessment

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 75 75 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 15 marks
Continuous Assessment : 30 marks
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Internal Test (Immediately before the second series test) : 30 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: The following guidelines should be followed regarding award
of marks
(a) Preliminary work : 15 Marks
(b) Implementing the work/Conducting the experiment : 10 Marks
(c) Performance, result and inference (usage of equipments and trouble shooting) : 25 Marks
(d) Viva voce : 20 marks
(e) Record : 5 Marks

General instructions: End-semester practical examination is to be conducted immediately after

the second series test covering entire syllabus given below. Evaluation is to be conducted under
the equal responsibility of both the internal and external examiners. The number of candidates
evaluated per day should not exceed 20. Students shall be allowed for the examination only on
submitting the duly certified record. The external examiner shall endorse the record.
Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Design and Development of combinational circuits

1. Design a one bit full adder using gates and implement and test it on board.

2. Implement and test the logic function f(A,B,C)=∑m(0,1,3,6) using an 8:1 Mux IC
3. Convert a D flip-flop to T flip-flop and implement and test on board.

Course Outcome 2 and 3 (CO2 and CO3): Implementation of logic circuits on tiny
FPGA

1. Design and implement a one bit subtracter in Verilog and implement and test it on a tiny
FPGA board.

2. Design and implement a J-K flip-flop in Verilog, implement and test it on a tiny FPGA
board.

3. Design a 4:1 Multiplexer in Verilog and implement and test it on tiny FPGA board.

List of Experiments:

It is compulsory to conduct a minimum of 5 experiments from Part A and a minimum of 5

experiments from Part B.

Part A (Any 5)

The following experiements can be conducted on breadboard or trainer kits.

1. Realization of functions using basic and universal gates (SOP and POS forms).
2. Design and Realization of half /full adder and subtractor using basic gates and universal
gates.
3. 4 bit adder/subtractor and BCD adder using 7483.
4. Study of Flip Flops: S-R, D, T, JK and Master Slave JK FF using NAND gates.
5. Asynchronous Counter:3 bit up/down counter
 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
6. Asynchronous Counter:Realization of Mod N counter
7. Synchronous Counter: Realization of 4-bit up/down counter.
8. Synchronous Counter: Realization of Mod-N counters.
9. Ring counter and Johnson Counter. (using FF & 7495).
10. Realization of counters using IC’s (7490, 7492, 7493).
11. Multiplexers and De-multiplexers using gates and ICs. (74150, 74154)
12. Realization of combinational circuits using MUX & DEMUX.
13. Random Sequence generator using LFSR.

PART B (Any 5)

The following experiments aim at training the students in digital circuit design with verilog and
implementation in small FPGAs. Small, low cost FPGAs, that can be driven by open tools for
simulation, synthesis and place and route, such as TinyFPGA or Lattice iCEstick can be used.
Open software tools such as yosis (for simulation and synthesis) and arachne (for place and
route) may be used. The experiments will lay the foundation for digital design with FPGA with
the objective of increased employability.

Experiment 1. Realization of Logic Gates and Familiarization of FPGAs

(a) Familiarization of a small FPGA bboard and its ports and interface.
(b) Create the .pcf files for your FPGA board.
(c) Familiarization of the basic syntax of verilog
(d) Development of verilog modules for basic gates, synthesis and implementation in the
above FPGA to verify the truth tables.
(e) Verify the universality and non associativity of NAND and NOR gates by uploading the
corresponding verilog files to the FPGA boards.

Experiement 2: Adders in Verilog

(a) Development of verilog modules for half adder in 3 modeling styles (dataflow/structural/
behavioural).
(b) Development of verilog modules for full adder in structural modeling using half adder.

Experiement 3: Mux and Demux in Verilog

(a) Development of verilog modules for a 4x1 MUX.
(b) Development of verilog modules for a 1x4 DEMUX.

Experiement 4: Flipflops and coutners

(a) Development of verilog modules for SR, JK and D flipflops.
(b) Development of verilog modules for a binary decade/Johnson/Ring counters

Experiment 5. Multiplexer and Logic Implementation in FPGA

(a) Make a gate level design of an 8 : 1 multiplexer, write to FPGA and test its functionality.
(b) Use the above module to realize the logic function f (A, B, C) = ∑m(0, 1, 3, 7) and test it.
(c) Use the same 8 : 1 multiplexer to realize the logic function f (A, B, C, D) = ∑m(0, 1, 3, 7,
10, 12) by partitioning the truth table properly and test it.

Experiment 6. Flip-Flops and their Conversion in FPGA

(a) Make gate level designs of J-K, J-K master-slave, T and D flip-flops, implement and test
them on the FPGA board.
(b) Implement and test the conversions such as T to D, D to T, J-K to T and J-K to D

Experiment 7: Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters in FPGA

 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(a) Make a design of a 4-bit up down ripple counter using T-flip-lops in the previous
experiment, implement and test them on the FPGA board.
(b) Make a design of a 4-bit up down synchronous counter using T-flip-lops in the previous
experiment, implement and test them on the FPGAboard.

Experiment 8: Universal Shift Register in FPGA

(a) Make a design of a 4-bit universal shift register using D-flip-flops in the previous
experiment, implement and test them on the FPGA board.
(b) Implement ring and Johnson counters with it.

Experiment 9. BCD to Seven Segment Decoder in FPGA

(a) Make a gate level design of a seven segment decoder, write to FPGA and test its
functionality.
(b) Test it with switches and seven segment display. Use ouput ports for connection to the
display.
 HUMANITIES
CODE CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
MCN201 SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING 2 0 0 NIL

Preamble: Objective of this course is to inculcate in students an awareness of environmental issues and the
global initiatives towards attaining sustainability. The student should realize the potential of technology in
bringing in sustainable practices.

Prerequisite: NIL

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Understand the relevance and the concept of sustainability and the global initiatives in this
direction
CO 2 Explain the different types of environmental pollution problems and their sustainable
solutions
CO 3 Discuss the environmental regulations and standards
CO 4 Outline the concepts related to conventional and non-conventional energy
CO 5 Demonstrate the broad perspective of sustainable practices by utilizing engineering
knowledge and principles

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 1 2 3 2
CO 2 2 3 2
CO 3 2 3 2
CO 4 2 3 2
CO 5 2 3 2
Assessment Pattern

Mark distribution

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester Examination

1 2
Remember 20 20 40
Understand 20 20 40
Apply 10 10 20
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10 questions with 2
questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2
questions from each module of which student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions
and carry 14 marks.

1
 HUMANITIES
Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Understand the relevance and the concept of sustainability and the global initiatives in this
direction
1. Explain with an example a technology that has contributed positively to sustainable development.
2. Write a note on Millennium Development Goals.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Explain the different types of environmental pollution problems and their sustainable
solutions

1. Explain the 3R concept in solid waste management?

2. Write a note on any one environmental pollution problem and suggest a sustainable solution.

3. In the absence of green house effect the surface temperature of earth would not have been suitable for survival
of life on earth. Comment on this statement.

Course Outcome 3(CO3): Discuss the environmental regulations and standards

1. Illustrate Life Cycle Analysis with an example of your choice.

2. “Nature is the most successful designer and the most brilliant engineer that has ever evolved”. Discuss.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Outline the concepts related to conventional and non-conventional energy
1. Suggest a sustainable system to generate hot water in a residential building in tropical climate.

2. Enumerate the impacts of biomass energy on the environment.

Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Demonstrate the broad perspective of sustainable practices by utilizing engineering
knowledge and principles

1. Suggest suitable measures to make the conveyance facilities used by your institution sustainable.

Model Question paper

Part A

(Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks each)

1. Define sustainable development.

2. Write a short note on Millennium Development Goals.

3. Describe carbon credit.

4. Give an account of climate change and its effect on environment.

5. Describe biomimicry? Give two examples.

6. Explain the basic concept of Life Cycle Assessment.

7. Name three renewable energy sources.

2
 HUMANITIES
8. Mention some of the disadvantages of wind energy.

9. Enlist some of the features of sustainable habitat.

10. Explain green engineering.

Part B

(Answer one question from each module. Each question carries 14 marks)

11. Discuss the evolution of the concept of sustainability. Comment on its relevance in the modern world.

OR

12. Explain Clean Development Mechanism.

13. Explain the common sources of water pollution and its harmful effects.

OR

14. Give an account of solid waste management in cities.

15. Explain the different steps involved in the conduct of Environmental Impact Assessment.

OR

16. Suggest some methods to create public awareness on environmental issues.

17. Comment on the statement, “Almost all energy that man uses comes from the Sun”.

OR

18. Write notes on:

a. Land degradation due to water logging.

b. Over exploitation of water.

19. Discuss the elements related to sustainable urbanisation.

OR

20. Discuss any three methods by which you can increase energy efficiency in buildings.

3
 HUMANITIES
Syllabus

Sustainability- need and concept, technology and sustainable development-Natural resources and their pollution, Carbon
credits, Zero waste concept. Life Cycle Analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment studies, Sustainable habitat, Green
buildings, green materials, Energy, Conventional and renewable sources, Sustainable urbanization, Industrial Ecology.

Module 1

Sustainability: Introduction, concept, evolution of the concept; Social, environmental and economic sustainability
concepts; Sustainable development, Nexus between Technology and Sustainable development; Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

Module 2

Environmental Pollution: Air Pollution and its effects, Water pollution and its sources, Zero waste concept and 3 R
concepts in solid waste management; Greenhouse effect, Global warming, Climate change, Ozone layer depletion,
Carbon credits, carbon trading and carbon foot print, legal provisions for environmental protection.

Module 3

Environmental management standards: ISO 14001:2015 frame work and benefits, Scope and goal of Life Cycle Analysis
(LCA), Circular economy, Bio-mimicking, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), Industrial ecology and industrial
symbiosis.

Module 4

Resources and its utilisation: Basic concepts of Conventional and non-conventional energy, General idea about solar
energy, Fuel cells, Wind energy, Small hydro plants, bio-fuels, Energy derived from oceans and Geothermal energy.

Module 5

Sustainability practices: Basic concept of sustainable habitat, Methods for increasing energy efficiency in buildings,
Green Engineering, Sustainable Urbanisation, Sustainable cities, Sustainable transport.

Reference Books

1. Allen, D. T. and Shonnard, D. R., Sustainability Engineering: Concepts, Design and Case Studies, Prentice Hall.
2. Bradley. A.S; Adebayo,A.O., Maria, P. Engineering applications in sustainable design and development,
Cengage learning
3. Environment Impact Assessment Guidelines, Notification of Government of India, 2006
4. Mackenthun, K.M., Basic Concepts in Environmental Management, Lewis Publication, London, 1998
5. ECBC Code 2007, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, New Delhi Bureau of Energy Efficiency Publications-Rating
System, TERI Publications - GRIHA Rating System
6. Ni bin Chang, Systems Analysis for Sustainable Engineering: Theory and Applications, McGraw-Hill
Professional.
7. Twidell, J. W. and Weir, A. D., Renewable Energy Resources, English Language Book Society (ELBS).
8. Purohit, S. S., Green Technology - An approach for sustainable environment, Agrobios Publication

4
 HUMANITIES
Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures

1 Sustainability
1.1 Introduction, concept, evolution of the concept 1
1.2 Social, environmental and economic sustainability concepts 1
1.3 Sustainable development, Nexus between Technology and Sustainable 1
development
1.4 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals 1
(SDGs)
1.5 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 1
2 Environmental Pollution

2.1 Air Pollution and its effects 1

2.2 Water pollution and its sources 1
2.3 Zero waste concept and 3 R concepts in solid waste management 1
2.4 Greenhouse effect, Global warming, Climate change, Ozone layer depletion 1
2.5 Carbon credits, carbon trading and carbon foot print. 1
2.6 Legal provisions for environmental protection. 1
3 Environmental management standards

3.1 Environmental management standards 1

3.2 ISO 14001:2015 frame work and benefits 1
3.3 Scope and Goal of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) 1
3.4 Circular economy, Bio-mimicking 1
3.5 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) 1
3.6 Industrial Ecology, Industrial Symbiosis 1
4 Resources and its utilisation

4.1 Basic concepts of Conventional and non-conventional energy 1

4.2 General idea about solar energy, Fuel cells 1
4.3 Wind energy, Small hydro plants, bio-fuels 1
4.4 Energy derived from oceans and Geothermal energy 1
5 Sustainability Practices

5.1 Basic concept of sustainable habitat 1

5.2 Methods for increasing energy efficiency of buildings 1
5.3 Green Engineering 1
5.4 Sustainable Urbanisation, Sustainable cities, Sustainable transport 1

5
 HUMANITIES
CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
2 0 0 2
EST 200 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

Preamble:
The purpose of this course is to
i) introduce the undergraduate engineering studentsthe fundamental principles of
design engineering,
ii) make them understand the steps involved in the design process and
iii) familiarize them with the basic tools used and approaches in design.
Students are expected to apply design thinking in learning as well as while practicing
engineering, which is very important and relevant for today. Case studies from various
practical situations will help the students realize that design is not only concerned about the
function but also many other factors like customer requirements, economics, reliability, etc.
along with a variety of life cycle issues.

The course will help students to consider aesthetics, ergonomics and sustainability factors in
designs and also to practice professional ethics while designing.

Prerequisite:

Nil.The course will be generic to all engineering disciplines and will not require specialized
preparation or prerequisites in any of the individual engineering disciplines.

Course Outcomes:

After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Explain the different concepts and principles involved in design engineering.

CO 2 Apply design thinking while learning and practicing engineering.
CO 3 Develop innovative, reliable, sustainable and economically viable designs
incorporating knowledge in engineering.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 1 2 1 1 1
CO 2 2 1 1 2
CO 3 2 1 1 2 2 1
 HUMANITIES
Assessment Pattern

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination (ESE) Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B.
Part A : 30 marks
part B : 70 marks
Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question.
Students should answer all questions.
Part B contains 2 case study questions from each module of which student should answer any one.
Each question carry 14 marks and can have maximum 2 sub questions.

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester

1 2 Examination
Remember 5 5 10
Understand 10 10 20
Apply 35 35 70
Analyse - - -
Evaluate - - -
Create - - -
 HUMANITIES
Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Appreciate the different concepts and principles involved in design
engineering.

1. State how engineering design is different from other kinds of design

2. List the different stages in a design process.

3. Describedesign thinking.

4. State the function of prototyping and proofing in engineering design.

5. Write notes on the following concepts in connection with design engineering 1) Modular Design,
2) Life Cycle Design , 3) Value Engineering, 4) Concurrent Engineering, and 5) Reverse Engineering

6. State design rights.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2) Apply design thinking while learning and practicing engineering.

1. Construct the iterative process for design thinking in developing simple products like a pen,
umbrella, bag, etc.

2. Show with an example how divergent-convergent thinking helps in generating alternative designs
and then how to narrow down to the best design.

3. Describe how a problem-based learning helps in creating better design engineering solutions.

4. Discuss as an engineer, how ethics play a decisive role in your designs

Course Outcome 3(CO3): Develop innovative, reliable, sustainable and economically viable designs
incorporating different segments of knowledge in engineering.

1. Illustratethe development of any simple product by passing through the different stages of design
process

2. Show thegraphical design communication with the help of detailed 2D or 3D drawings for any
simple product.

3. Describe how to develop new designs for simple products through bio-mimicry.
 HUMANITIES
Model Question paper

Page 1 of 2
Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
THIRD/FOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION
Course Code: EST 200
Course Name: DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
Max. Marks: 100Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks
Use only hand sketches

(1)Write aboutthe basic design process.

(2) Describe how to finalize the design objectives.
(3) State the role of divergent-convergent questioning in design thinking.
(4) Discuss how to perform design thinking in a team managing the conflicts.
(5) Show how engineering sketches and drawings convey designs.
(6)Explain the role of mathematics and physics in design engineering process.
(7) Distinguish between project-based learning and problem-based learning in design
engineering.
(8) Describe how concepts like value engineering , concurrent engineering and reverse
engineering influence engineering designs?
(9) Show how designs are varied based on the aspects of production methods, life span,
reliability and environment?
(10) Explain how economics influence the engineering designs?
(10x3 marks =30 marks)

Part B
Answer any ONE question from each module. Each question carry 14 marks

Module 1
(11) Show the designing of a wrist watch going through the various stages of the design
process. Use hand sketches to illustrate the processes.
or
(12)Find the customer requirements for designing a new car showroom. Show how the
design objectives were finalized considering the design constraints?
 HUMANITIES
Module 2
(13)Illustrate the design thinking approach for designing a bag for college students within a
limited budget. Describe each stage of the process and the iterative procedure
involved. Use hand sketches to support your arguments.
or
(14)Construct a number of possible designs and then refine them to narrow down to the
best design for a drug trolley used in hospitals. Show how the divergent-convergent
thinking helps in the process. Provide your rationale for each step by using hand
sketches only.

Module 3
(15) Graphically communicate the design of a thermo flask used to keep hot coffee. Draw
the detailed 2D drawings of the same with design detailing, material selection, scale
drawings, dimensions, tolerances, etc. Use only hand sketches.
or
(16)Describe the role of mathematical modelling in design engineering. Show how
mathematics and physics play a role in designing a lifting mechanism to raise 100 kg of
weight to a floor at a height of 10 meters in a construction site.

Module 4
(17) Show the development of a nature inspired design for a solar poweredbus waiting shed
beside a highway. Relate between natural and man-made designs. Use hand sketches
to support your arguments.
or
(18)Show the design of a simple sofa and then depict how the design changes when
considering 1) aesthetics and 2) ergonomics into consideration. Give hand sketches and
explanations to justify the changes in designs.

Module 5
(19)Examine the changes in the design of a foot wear with constraints of 1) production
methods, 2) life span requirement, 3) reliability issues and 4) environmental factors.
Use hand sketches and give proper rationalization for the changes in design.
or
(20)Describe the how to estimate the cost of a particular design using ANY of the following:
i) a website, ii) the layout of a plant, iii) the elevation of a building, iv) anelectrical or
electronic system or device and v) a car.
Show how economics will influence the engineering designs. Use hand sketches to support
your arguments.

(5x14 marks =70 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 HUMANITIES
Syllabus

Module 1
Design Process:- Introduction to Design and Engineering Design, Defining a Design
Process-:Detailing Customer Requirements, Setting Design Objectives, Identifying
Constraints, Establishing Functions, Generating Design Alternatives and Choosing a
Design.

Module 2
Design Thinking Approach:-Introduction to Design Thinking, Iterative Design
Thinking Process Stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. Design
Thinking as Divergent-Convergent Questioning. Design Thinking in a Team
Environment.

Module 3
Design Communication (Languages of Engineering Design):-Communicating
Designs Graphically, Communicating Designs Orally and in Writing. Mathematical
Modeling In Design, Prototyping and Proofing the Design.

Module 4
Design Engineering Concepts:-Project-based Learning and Problem-based Learning
in Design.Modular Design and Life Cycle Design Approaches. Application of Bio-
mimicry,Aesthetics and Ergonomics in Design. Value Engineering, Concurrent
Engineering, and Reverse Engineering in Design.

Module 5
Expediency, Economics and Environment in Design Engineering:-Design for
Production, Use, and Sustainability. Engineering Economics in Design. Design
Rights. Ethics in Design

Text Books
1) YousefHaik, SangarappillaiSivaloganathan, Tamer M. Shahin, Engineering Design Process,
Cengage Learning 2003, Third Edition, ISBN-10: 9781305253285,

2) Voland, G., Engineering by Design, Pearson India 2014, Second Edition, ISBN 9332535051

Reference Books
1.Philip Kosky, Robert Balmer, William Keat, George Wise, Exploring Engineering, Fourth
Edition: An Introduction to Engineering and Design, Academic Press 2015, 4th Edition,
ISBN: 9780128012420.
2. Clive L. Dym, Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, John Wiley & Sons,
New York 2009, Fourth Edition, ISBN: 978-1-118-32458-5
3. Nigel Cross, Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work, Berg
Publishers 2011, First Edition, ISBN: 978-1847886361
4. Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., Grote, K.-H., Engineering Design: A Systematic
Approach, Springer 2007, Third Edition, ISBN 978-1-84628-319-2
 HUMANITIES
Course Contents and Lecture Schedule
No Topic No. of Lectures
1 Module 1: Design Process
1.1 Introduction to Design and Engineering Design.
What does it mean to design something? How Is
engineering design different from other kinds of design? 1
Where and when do engineers design? What are the basic
vocabularyin engineering design? How to learn and do
engineering design.
1.2 Defining a Design Process-: Detailing Customer
Requirements.
How to do engineering design? Illustrate the process with 1
an example. How to identify the customer requirements of
design?
1.3 Defining a Design Process-: Setting Design Objectives,
Identifying Constraints, Establishing Functions.
How to finalize the design objectives? How to identify the 1
design constraints? How to express the functions a design
in engineering terms?
1.4 Defining a Design Process-: Generating Design
Alternatives and Choosing a Design.
1
How to generate or create feasible design alternatives?
How to identify the "best possible design”?
1.5 Case Studies:- Stages of Design Process.
Conduct exercises for designing simple products going 1
through the different stages of design process.
2 Module 2: Design Thinking Approach
2.1 Introduction to Design Thinking
How does the design thinking approach help engineers in 1
creating innovative and efficient designs?
2.2 Iterative Design Thinking Process Stages: Empathize,
Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test.
How can the engineers arrive at better designs utilizing 1
the iterative design thinking process (in which knowledge
acquired in the later stages can be applied back to the
earlier stages)?
2.3 Design Thinking as Divergent-Convergent Questioning.
Describe how to create a number of possible designs and 1
then how to refine and narrow down to the 'best design'.
2.4 Design Thinking in a Team Environment.
How to perform design thinking as a team managing the 1
conflicts ?
2.5 Case Studies: Design Thinking Approach.
1
Conduct exercises using the design thinking approach for
 HUMANITIES
designing any simple products within a limited time and
budget
3 Module 3: Design Communication (Languages of Engineering Design)
3.1 Communicating Designs Graphically.
1
How do engineering sketches and drawings convey designs?
3.2 Communicating Designs Orally and in Writing.
How can a design be communicated through oral 1
presentation or technical reports efficiently?
First Series Examination
3.3 Mathematical Modelling in Design.
How do mathematics and physics become a part of the 1
design process?
3.4 Prototyping and Proofing the Design.
1
How to predict whether the design will function well or not?
3.5 Case Studies: Communicating Designs Graphically.
Conduct exercises for design communication through
detailed 2D or 3D drawings of simple products with 1
design detailing, material selection, scale drawings,
dimensions, tolerances, etc.
4 Module 4: Design Engineering Concepts
4.1 Project-based Learning and Problem-based Learning in 1
Design.
How engineering students can learn design engineering
through projects?
How students can take up problems to learn design
engineering?
4.2 Modular Design and Life Cycle Design Approaches. 1
What is modular approach in design engineering? How it
helps?
How the life cycle design approach influences design
decisions?
4.3 Application of Bio-mimicry, Aesthetics and Ergonomics 1
in Design.
How do aesthetics and ergonomics change engineering
designs?
How do the intelligence in nature inspire engineering
designs? What are the common examples of bio-mimicry
in engineering?
4.4 Value Engineering, Concurrent Engineering, and Reverse 1
Engineering in Design.
How do concepts like value engineering , concurrent
engineering and reverse engineering influence
engineering designs?
4.5 Case Studies: Bio-mimicry based Designs. 1
Conduct exercises to develop new designs for simple
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products using bio-mimicry and train students to bring out
new nature inspired designs.
5 Module 5: Expediency, Economics and Environment in Design
Engineering
5.1 Design for Production, Use, and Sustainability. 1
How designs are finalized based on the aspects of
production methods, life span, reliability and
environment?
5.2 Engineering Economics in Design. 1
How to estimate the cost of a particular design and how
will economics influence the engineering designs?
5.3 Design Rights. 1
What are design rights and how can an engineer put it
into practice?
5.4 Ethics in Design. 1
How do ethics play a decisive role in engineering design?
5.5 Case Studies: Design for Production, Use, and 1
Sustainability.
Conduct exercises using simple products to show how designs
change with constraints of production methods, life span
requirement, reliability issues and environmental factors.
Second Series Examination
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Code. Course Name L T P Hrs Credit

HUT 200 Professional Ethics 2 0 0 2 2

Preamble:To enable students to create awareness on ethics and human values.

Prerequisite: Nil

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Understand the core values that shape the ethical behaviour of a professional.
CO 2 Adopt a good character and follow an ethical life.
Explain the role and responsibility in technological development by keeping personal ethics
CO 3
and legal ethics.
Solve moral and ethical problems through exploration and assessment by established
CO 4
experiments.
Apply the knowledge of human values and social values to contemporary ethical values and
CO 5
global issues.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO1 PO1 PO1

1 0 1 2
CO 1 2 2
CO 2 2 2
CO 3 3 2
CO 4 3 2
CO 5 3 2

Assessment Pattern
Continuous Assessment Tests
Bloom’s category End Semester Exam
1 2
Remember 15 15 30
Understood 20 20 40
Apply 15 15 30
Mark distribution
Total
CIE ESE ESE Duration
Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

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Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:
Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Tests (2 Nos) : 25 marks
Assignments/Quiz : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions
with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions.
Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer any one. Each question can have
maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. Define integrity and point out ethical values.
2. Describe the qualities required to live a peaceful life.
3. Explain the role of engineers in modern society.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2)

1. Derive the codes of ethics.
2. Differentiate consensus and controversy.
3. Discuss in detail about character and confidence.

Course Outcome 3(CO3):

1. Explain the role of professional’s ethics in technological development.
2. Distinguish between self interest and conflicts of interest.
3. Review on industrial standards and legal ethics.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4):

1. Illustrate the role of engineers as experimenters.
2. Interpret the terms safety and risk.
3. Show how the occupational crimes are resolved by keeping the rights of employees.

Course Outcome 5 (CO5):

1. Exemplify the engineers as managers.
2. Investigate the causes and effects of acid rain with a case study.
3. Explorate the need of environmental ethics in technological development.
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Model Question paper
QP CODE: Reg No:______________

PAGES:3 Name :______________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY THIRD/FOURTH SEMESTER

B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR

Course Code: HUT 200

Course Name: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
(2019-Scheme)

PART A

(Answer all questions, each question carries 3 marks)

1. Define empathy and honesty.

2. Briefly explain about morals, values and ethics.

3. Interpret the two forms of self-respect.

4. List out the models of professional roles.

5. Indicate the advantages of using standards.

6. Point out the conditions required to define a valid consent?

7. Identify the conflicts of interests with an example?

8. Recall confidentiality.

9. Conclude the features of biometric ethics.

10. Name any three professional societies and their role relevant to engineers.

(10x3 = 30 marks)

PART B

(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

MODULE I

11. a) Classify the relationship between ethical values and law?

b) Compare between caring and sharing. (10+4 = 14 marks)

Or

12. a) Exemplify a comprehensive review about integrity and respect for others.
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b) Discuss about co-operation and commitment. (8+6 = 14 marks)

MODULE II

13.a) Explain the three main levels of moral developments, deviced by Kohlberg.

b) Differentiate moral codes and optimal codes. (10+4 = 14 marks)

Or

14. a) Extrapolate the duty ethics and right ethics.

b) Discuss in detail the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics (8+6 = 14 marks)

MODULE III

15.a) Summarize the following features of morally responsible engineers.

(i) Moral autonomy (ii) Accountability

b)Explain the rights of employees (8+6 = 14 marks)

Or

16. a) Explain the reasons for Chernobyl mishap ?

b) Describe the methods to improve collegiality and loyalty. (8+6 = 14 marks)

MODULE IV

17.a) Execute collegiality with respect to commitment, respect and connectedness.

b) Identify conflicts of interests with an example. (8+6 = 14 marks)

Or

18. a) Explain in detail about professional rights and employee rights.

b) Exemplify engineers as managers.
MODULE V

19.a) Evaluate the technology transfer and appropriate technology.

b) Explain about computer and internet ethics. (8+6 = 14 marks)
Or

20. a) Investigate the causes and effects of acid rain with a case study.
b) Conclude the features of ecocentric and biocentric ethics. (8+6 = 14 marks)
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Syllabus

Module 1 – Human Values.

Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity- Academic integrity-Work Ethics- Service Learning- Civic Virtue-
Respect for others- Living peacefully- Caring and Sharing- Honestly- courage-Cooperation commitment-
Empathy-Self Confidence -Social Expectations.

Module 2 - Engineering Ethics & Professionalism.

Senses of Engineering Ethics - Variety of moral issues- Types of inquiry- Moral dilemmas –Moral Autonomy –
Kohlberg’s theory- Gilligan’s theory- Consensus and Controversy-Profession and Professionalism- Models of
professional roles-Theories about right action –Self interest-Customs and Religion- Uses of Ethical Theories.

Module 3- Engineering as social Experimentation.

Engineering as Experimentation – Engineers as responsible Experimenters- Codes of Ethics- Plagiarism-

A balanced outlook on law - Challenges case study- Bhopal gas tragedy.

Module 4- Responsibilities and Rights.

Collegiality and loyalty – Managing conflict- Respect for authority- Collective bargaining- Confidentiality-
Role of confidentiality in moral integrity-Conflicts of interest- Occupational crime- Professional rights-
Employee right- IPR Discrimination.

Module 5- Global Ethical Issues.

Multinational Corporations- Environmental Ethics- Business Ethics- Computer Ethics -Role in Technological
Development-Engineers as Managers- Consulting Engineers- Engineers as Expert witnesses and advisors-Moral
leadership.

Text Book

1. M Govindarajan, S Natarajan and V S Senthil Kumar, Engineering Ethics, PHI Learning

Private Ltd, New Delhi,2012.

2. R S Naagarazan, A text book on professional ethics and human values, New age international
(P) limited ,New Delhi,2006.

Reference Books

1. Mike W Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering,4th edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Pvt Ltd, New Delhi,2014.
2. Charles D Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall of India, New
Jersey,2004.
3. Charles E Harris, Michael S Protchard and Michael J Rabins, Engineering Ethics- Concepts and
cases, Wadsworth Thompson Learning, United states,2005.
4. http://www.slideword.org/slidestag.aspx/human-values-and-Professional-ethics.
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Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

SL.N Topic No. of Lectures

o 25
1 Module 1 – Human Values.

1.1 Morals, values and Ethics, Integrity, Academic Integrity,Work Ethics 1

1.2 Service Learning, Civic Virtue, Respect for others, Living peacefully 1
1.3 Caring and Sharing, Honesty, Courage, Co-operation commitment 2
1.4 Empathy, Self Confidence, Social Expectations 1
2 Module 2- Engineering Ethics & Professionalism.

2.1 Senses of Engineering Ethics, Variety of moral issues, Types of inquiry 1

2.2 Moral dilemmas, Moral Autonomy, Kohlberg’s theory 1
Gilligan’s theory, Consensus and Controversy,Profession&
2.3 2
Professionalism, Models of professional roles, Theories about right action
2.4 Self interest-Customs and Religion, Uses of Ethical Theories 1
3 Module 3- Engineering as social Experimentation.

3.1 Engineering as Experimentation, Engineers as responsible Experimenters 1

3.2 Codes of Ethics,Plagiarism, A balanced outlook on law 2
3.3 Challenger case study, Bhopal gas tragedy 2
4 Module 4- Responsibilities and Rights.

4.1 Collegiality and loyalty, Managing conflict, Respect for authority 1

Collective bargaining, Confidentiality, Role of confidentiality in moral
4.2 2
integrity, Conflicts of interest
Occupational crime, Professional rights, Employee right, IPR
4.3 2
Discrimination
5 Module 5- Global Ethical Issues.

Multinational Corporations, Environmental Ethics, Business Ethics,

5.1 2
Computer Ethics
5.2 Role in Technological Development, Moral leadership 1
Engineers as Managers, Consulting Engineers, Engineers as Expert
5.3 2
witnesses and advisors