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Polarity Test of 1 Phase Transformer

1. The document describes a procedure to determine the polarity of transformer windings by connecting voltmeters to the primary and secondary windings and measuring the voltage between them. 2. There are two types of polarity - additive polarity, where the voltage between windings equals the sum of primary and secondary voltages, and subtractive polarity, where it equals the difference. 3. The procedure involves applying a voltage to the primary winding and observing the voltmeter between windings to determine if the polarity is additive or subtractive based on whether the reading is the sum or difference.

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610 views3 pages

Polarity Test of 1 Phase Transformer

1. The document describes a procedure to determine the polarity of transformer windings by connecting voltmeters to the primary and secondary windings and measuring the voltage between them. 2. There are two types of polarity - additive polarity, where the voltage between windings equals the sum of primary and secondary voltages, and subtractive polarity, where it equals the difference. 3. The procedure involves applying a voltage to the primary winding and observing the voltmeter between windings to determine if the polarity is additive or subtractive based on whether the reading is the sum or difference.

Uploaded by

sivaiahjetti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polarity Test of Single Phase Transformer

Aim

Determine the polarities of transformer windings

Apparatus required
S.No Name of the equipment Range/ Type Quantity
Specification

1 Voltmeter (0-150) V MI 1

2 Voltmeter (0-300) V MI 1

3 Voltmeter (0-600) V MI 1

5 1- Phase Auto I/P:1-ɸ, 230V Core type 1


Transformer
O/P: (0-270)V,10A

6 1-Phase Transformer 1.5KVA, 115V/230V Core type, 1


Air cooled

7 Connecting wires 1.5sq.mm copper Required

Circuit diagram:
Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown above with a voltmeter (Va) across primary
winding and another voltmeter (Vb) across the secondary winding.
2. Take down the ratings of the transformer and the turn ratio.
3. Connect a voltmeter (Vc) between primary and secondary windings.
4. Apply rated voltage to the primary side.
5. Note the value in the voltmeter (Vc), find whether it is additive or subtractive
polarity.
 If additive polarity - Vc should be showing the sum of Va and Vb.
 If subtractive polarity - Vc should be showing the difference between
Va and Vb.
6. Accordingly mark the polarity of transformer.

Tabular column:
Sl.No Voltage across Voltage across Voltge between
Primary side (Va) Secondary side (Vb) primary and
secondary side (Vc)

Precauions
Be careful that the max. measuring the voltage of voltmeter Vc should
be greater than the sum of Va (Primary winding) and Vb (Secondary
winding) otherwise during the additive polarity, the sum of Va and Vb comes
across it.

Note: If we require additive polarity, but we have subtractive polarity, we


can simply change it by keeping any of the primary or secondary windings
in the same fashion and reversing the winding connection of the other one.
Similarly, if we require subtractive polarity but have additive polarity, we
could do the same procedure as above.

Result:
Theory
We can categorise the polarity of the transformer to two types,
1. Additive Polarity
2. Subtractive Polarity

Additive Polarity

In additive polarity, the voltage (Vc) between the primary side (Va) and the
secondary side (Vb) will be the sum of both high voltage and the low voltage, i.e.
we will get Vc = Va + Vb

Subtractive Polarity

In subtractive polarity, the voltage (Vc) between the primary side (Va) and the
secondary side (Vb) will be the difference of both high voltage and the low voltage,
i.e. we will get Vc = Va – Vb
In subtractive polarity, if Vc = Va – Vb, it is a step-down transformer and if Vc = Vb
– Va, it is a step-up transformer.
We use additive polarity for small-scale distribution transformers and subtractive
polarity for large-scale transformers.

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