2017 4th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering

Research on Transmission Waveform Structure and Rate Scaled of New Generation

Data Link

Yifan Liu, Hu Jin, Qiming Yu and Wenqing Zheng

Electronic Engineering Institute
Hefei, China
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract—Tactical Targeting Networks Technology (TTNT) is which has seven frequency points. Frequency band 2
the latest generation of data link technology. This paper first has a frequency range of 1 435 to 1 518 MHz, which
introduces the basic technical situation and performance of the has six frequency points. Frequency band 1 has a
technology. Secondly, according to the technical characteristics frequency range of 1 350 to 1 390 MHz, which has
of the new technology, the basic structure of the waveform is two frequency points. The signal modulation is
analyzed, and the waveform structure of the parallel Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK). The
transmission is given. Finally, according to the characteristics principle diagram of the GMSK modulation is given
of symbol rate adjustable, the rate adjustment model is given in Fig. 1. Receiving and transmitting a separate
and simulated .
antenna, can also share an antenna.
Keywords-TTNT; data link; parallel transmission; rate TABLE I. THE TRANSMISSION CAPACITY OF THE TTNT NETWORK
scaling
Transmission Distance Transmission Rate Transmission Delay
I. INTRODUCTION
Tactical Targeting Networks Technology is a new d <185km 2Mbps t <2ms
generation of data link technology developed by the US 185km< d <370km 500Kbps t <6ms
military since the 21st century. Its purpose is to supplement
the shortcomings of the Link 16 data link in actual 370km< d <555km 220Kbps t <6ms
operations. The actual experience of the US military shows
that the combat capability of existing tactical data chain is
insufficient for time-sensitive targets, not enough to adapt to
the changing situation of the battlefield, so TTNT came into
being. TTNT technology experience nearly a decade of
testing and research and development has been gradually
Figure 1. The principle diagram of the GMSK modulation
equipped with US forces, and Link-16 and other data links
together to build the US data chain network. According to
• Use multiple transceivers (nodes) to work
the technical characteristics of the new technology, this
simultaneously. The total throughput of a node can
paper makes an in-depth study on the two aspects of signal
reach more than 10 Mbps, and this total throughput
waveform structure and rate adjustment.
refers to the sum of the data rates transmitted in
II. TECHNICAL FEATURES OF TTNT multiple directions. TTNT nodes use a number of
independent receive, send processing devices, in the
Tactical targeting network technology is an IP-based, respective neighbor link on the transmission, without
new network technology for joint tactical radio systems interfering with each other.
(JTRS). This new technology enables faster completion of
networking between platforms, high speed transmission of III. TTNT SIGNAL WAVEFORM AND STRUCTURE
data, and very low transmission latency. This is a huge
TTNT waveform core is actually the signal parallel
advantage over the existing data chain for accurate combat
processing. The method of constructing the waveform and
time-sensitive targets on the battlefield played a decisive
the method of transmission are to solve the problem of
role, greatly enhance the ability of the US military network
receiving low delay in order to solve the problem of large
hub[1].
number of users transmitting at the same time[7].
TTNT mainly has the following capabilities[2-6]:
The transceiver of each wireless communication system
• High speed, low latency. The transmission capacity node transmits and receives information at more than one
of the TTNT network is related to the distance. frequency, and each node includes a processor in addition to
Specific indicators are shown in table 1. the transceiver. The processor implements the block of
• Signal using frequency hopping technology. The information and splits it into multiple subblocks. Each sub-
frequency set has 16 hopping points. Frequency block contains synchronization information for the message.
band 1 has a frequency range of 1 755 to 1 850 MHz, These sub-blocks are transmitted at different times and at

978-1-5386-3013-6/17 $31.00 © 2017 IEEE 1686

DOI 10.1109/ICISCE.2017.352
multiple frequencies, thus realizing simultaneous section, each containing the synchronization information and
transmission and parallel reception of information over the the phase reference information. The waveform contains a
same frequency band. plurality of frequencies, and the transmission of the
subblocks is randomly distributed at these frequencies
A. The basic structure of the waveform according to a certain frequency hopping pattern.
The wireless waveform includes a number of information
sub-blocks, each of which is treated as a sub-transmission

f1
F
f2

f3
f4

f5
Off-Time
Randomized
T
Figure 2. TTNT signal waveform diagram

Fig. 2 gives an example of the waveform of the TTNT to f5 five frequencies. There will be a random time between
signal sent by a single node at five frequencies. The the two adjacent sub-blocks, which are already marked on
waveform in the figure represents a large block of the map. TTNT has 16 frequency points, the random
information, which is divided into 16 pieces of information distribution of frequency points and the random distribution
sub-blocks for transmission. Each small black box represents of time sub-blocks make the waveform be tracked and
an information sub-block, sub-blocks in accordance with a intercepted greatly reduced the probability, so the signal has
certain frequency hopping pattern irregular distribution in f1 good anti-jamming performance.

f1
f2 "
f3

T
First Group

Second Group

The Third Group

"

"

Figure 3. Multi - parallel parallel transmission diagram

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 reduced (flow d) with a suitable less than 1 number as the
The length of each sub-block is equal. The subblocks factor for the rate reduction. In the processes a and c, the
consist of information, synchronization, and phase reference selected rate reduction factor should ensure that the
information, but they do not occupy the full length, and there interference ratio does not exceed the critical value of the
are many bits in the subblock that are free of any information. node when there is interference within a given bandwidth.
The location of the synchronization information in the sub- The example in the figure may be an adjustment factor
block is also random. The symbol rate and the transmission consisting of an integer power of 1/2.
duty cycle of the large message block are not arbitrarily Once the symbol rate is reduced again, the model checks
increased, and the excessive symbol rate and the to see if the current available spectrum allocation space is
transmission duty cycle will affect the performance of the less than the standard spectrum configuration of the TTNT
multi-parallel transmission. The following will introduce the itself, in a restricted state (flow d). For example, only a
multi-parallel transmission TTNT. quarter of the frequency hopping frequency can be used for
transmission. When the available frequency is less than the
B. Multi - parallel parallel transmission structure standard configuration of the system, the symbol rate is
Fig. 3 describes the waveforms in which multiple nodes reduced (flow e) accordingly, which helps to reduce packet
transmit in parallel at three frequencies. The number of conflicts. When the symbol rate is reduced, the model also
groups indicates the number of simultaneous transmissions. increases the number of frequency hopping combinations.
It can be seen that each transmission follows the same The relationship between the symbol rate and the frequency
frequency hopping pattern and frequency hopping interval, hopping combination is inversely proportional. When
but at the beginning of the time is different. For this reason, multiple nodes need to send at the same time, increasing the
the multiplex can be carried out in parallel and do not frequency hopping combination is beneficial to the
interfere with each other, and the receiver can receive the successful transmission of the data packet. The more the
signal according to the frequency hopping pattern and the frequency hopping combination is, the less likely the
frequency hopping start time, and can distinguish and collision between the two parallel transmission data is.
reconstruct the transmission from different users at the same
time information.
IV. SYMBOL RATE SCALING MODEL
A. Model introduction
As mentioned above, it can be seen that the transmission
rate of TTNT is variable. By adjusting the symbol rate of the
waveform, the transmitted energy can be concentrated in the
channel bandwidth of adjustable size, which can transmit
data more efficiently and increase the anti-jamming
capability of transmission[8].
When there is interference within a given bandwidth, the
model adjusts the symbol rate so that the dry signal ratio is
within the appropriate range, which facilitates the
transmission and processing of the signal. When the number
of available frequency points is less than the standard
number of the system, the model can pass Reduce the
symbol rate, increase the number of frequency hopping
combination of the way to reduce the impact of packet
conflicts; models can be different capacity for the size of the
channel with a different symbol rate to the corresponding
transmission, in the wide frequency band is full speed
transmission, in the narrow band Relatively small speed
transmission.
Fig. 4 shows the speed regulation function of the model.
At the beginning of the process, the corresponding
initialization is performed first, such as selecting the
bandwidth used by the network, selecting the factor for the
rate reduction, and so on. Then, the symbol rate of the
transmitter is adjusted according to the selected parameter
(flow b), and it is judged whether or not the TTNT signal
waveform is adapted to the transmission of the channel
condition (bandwidth) at the current symbol rate (flow c). If
the rate is adjusted, if the request is met, the symbol rate is

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 Figure 4. Symbol rate scaling model processing flow chart within a given bandwidth increases, and the available
frequency and symbol rate are reduced and the transmission
Finally, it is judged whether there is a multiplexed efficiency is reduced.
parallel transmission (flow f), and if so, the corresponding
adjustment symbol rate (flow g) is transmitted at full speed
over a wide frequency band and transmitted at a relatively
small speed on a narrow band. If there is no multi-parallel
transmission, the adjustment is completed. Multiplexing uses
multiple communication channels with different bandwidths.
The model can adjust the symbol rate according to the
characteristics of different channels, making it the most
suitable for signal waveform transmission. TTNT network
usually work in burst mode, that is, the system will be a very
limited time to send a lot of high speed data, is a high-speed
transmission mode. When multiple channel transmissions are
carried out, the system may suspend the transmission of
several streams of data, all of which are used for high-speed
transmission of data of large amounts of data, that is, the Figure 6. The relationship between the model symbol rate and the number
integration of bandwidth resources to efficiently transfer data. of frequency hopping combinations

B. Simulation and analysis V. CONCLUSION

The relationship between the waveform symbol rate and TTNT is the latest generation of data link technology in
the transmission bandwidth is given in Fig. 5. As a result of the United States. Based on the characteristics of signal
GMSK modulation, to ensure that the GMSK signal frequency hopping, multi-channel parallel transmission and
1 anti-jamming, this paper analyzes the structure of TTNT
minimum frequency interval is f s . Where f s is the under multiple nodes. According to the characteristics of
2 variable signal transmission rate and high transmission
baseband signal bandwidth, that is, the symbol rate. So
efficiency, the structure of the symbol rate adjustment model
1 5 is given and a simple simulation and analysis are done.The
BGMSK = fs + 2 fs = fs (1)
2 2 research and analysis of this paper pave the way for further
We can see that the symbol rate is proportional to the research on data link technology.
bandwidth. The larger the bandwidth used by the network,
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