Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017.

By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

C++ Mathematical Functions:

The C++ originally supported by the set of 22 math functions. In C++,

the math functions require the header <math.h>. All angles are in radians.

sin(x) cos(x) tan(x) asin(x) acos(x)

atan(x) atan2(x) sinh(x) cosh(x) tanh(x)

ceil(x) floor(x) exp(x) fabs(x) log(x)

log10(x) pow(x,p) sqrt(x) fmod() frexp(x)

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the mathematical functions:

Ans:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

main()

float d,f,b=0.56,x=-1,y=0.33;

d=log(1000);

f=sin(b);

cout<<"\t The log of base 10 for 1000 is = "<< log10(1000)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The log of base 2 for 1000 is = "<<d<<endl;

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Lecture 11

cout<<"\t The sin of b in radian is = "<<f<<endl;

cout<<"\t The sin inverse of f is = "<< asin(f)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The floor of 2.56 is = "<< floor(2.56)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The ceil of 2.56 is = "<< ceil(2.56)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The absolute of -78.6 is = "<< fabs(-78.6)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The power of d for 2.71828 is = "<< pow(2.71828,d)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The square root of 169 is = "<< sqrt(169)<<endl;

cout<<"\t The tan inverse of arg(x/y) is = "<< atan(x/y)<<endl;

getch();

The result is :

The log of base 10 for 1000 is = 3

The log of base 2 for 1000 is = 6.90776

The sin of b in radian is = 0.531186

The sin inverse of f = 0.56

The floor of 2,56 is = 2

The ceil of 2.56 is = 3

The absolute of -78.6 is = 78.6

The power of d for 2.71828 is = 999.995

The square root of 169 is = 13

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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

The tan inverse of arg(x/y) is = -1.25205

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to obtain the equation below, for

value of i (1-10), by using mathematical functions:

y = cos i - ⅝*i + atan i / i ²

Ans:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

main()

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)

cout<<"The value of y for "<<i<<" is = "<<(cos(i) - 5/8*i + atan(i) /

pow(i,2))<<endl;

getch();

Example:

Write a program in C+

+ language to test the trigonometric identity below, for value of x (0-3)

with (0.2) step, by using mathematical functions:

Sin 2x = 2 * sin x * cos x

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Lecture 11

Ans:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

main()

for(float x=0;x<=3.0;x+=0.2)

cout<<'\t'<<x<<'\t'<<sin(2*x)<<'\t'<<2*sin(x)*cos(x)<<endl;

getch();

The String Functions:

In C++ there is a need to manipulate the strings; string functions

require the header <string.h>.

Full Name keyword Meaning:

- String Length strlen: returns the length of the string.

- String Character strchr: returns the first occurrence of character

- String Copy strcpy – strncopy: function copies up characters from the

string pointed to by str2.

- String cat strcat – strncat: function concatenates a copy of str2 to str1 and
terminates str1 with a null.

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Lecture 11

 strlen:

The strlen( ) function returns the length of the null-terminated string

pointed to by str.The null terminator is not counted.

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to find a length of strings:

Ans:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="qweasd", S[]="98765", Z[]="*(*(*(*(", E[10];

cin>>E;

cout<<strlen(A)<<'\t'<<strlen(S)<<'\t'<<strlen(Z)<<'\t'<<strlen(E);

getch();

The result is:

6 5 8 6

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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

 strchr:

The strchr( ) function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the

low-order byte of ch in the string pointed to by str. If no match is found, a
null pointer is returned.

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the (strchr) string:

Ans:
#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="Ministry of Higher Education", S[]="University of Technology",

Z[]="Electrical Engineering";

cout<<strchr(A,'H')<<endl;

cout<<strchr(S,'o')<<endl;

cout<<strchr(S,'k')<<endl;

cout<<strchr(Z,'c')<<" "<<strchr(Z,'n')<<endl;

getch();

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Lecture 11

The result is:

Higher Education

of Technology

ctrical Engineering ngineering

 strcpy - strncpy:

The strcpy( ) function copies the contents of str2 into str1. str2 must be
a pointer to a null terminated string. The strcpy( ) function returns a pointer
to str1.

The strncpy( ) function copies the part of str2 into str1, depending on
the number of character which must be given from str2.

Strncpy(st1,st2,no.)

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcpy-strncpy) strings:

Ans:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="Ministry of Higher Education", S[]="University of Technology",

Z[]="Electrical Engineering";

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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

cout<<strcpy(A,S)<<endl;

cout<<A<<endl;

cout<<strncpy(A,Z,5)<<endl;

cout<<strncpy(S,Z,2)<<endl;

cout<<strcpy(A,S)<<endl;

cout<<A<<endl;

getch();

The result is:

University of Technology

University of Technology

Electrsity of Technology

Eliversity of Technology

Eliversity of Technology

Eliversity of Technology

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcpy-strncpy) strings:

Ans:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="qweasdfesu", S[]="98765", D[]="+#$%";

strncpy(A,S,3);

cout<<A<<'\t'<<S<<endl;

strncpy(A,S,8);

cout<<A<<'\t'<<S<<endl;

strcpy(A,D);

cout<<A<<'\t'<<D<<endl;

getch();

The result is:

987asdfesu 98765

98765 98765

+#$% +#$%

 strcat - strncat:

The strcat() function concatenates a copy of str2 to str1 and terminates

str1 with a null. The null terminator originally ending str1 is overwritten by
the first character of str2. The string str2 is untouched by the operation.

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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

The strncat( ) function concatenates part of str2 with str1, depending on

the number of character which must be give from str2.

Strncat(st1,st2,no.)

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcat-strncat) strings:

Ans:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="qweasdfesu", S[]="98765";

cout<< strncat(A,S,3)<<endl;

cout<< strcat(A,S)<<endl;

getch();

The result is:

qweasdfesu987

qweasdfesu98798765

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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha

Lecture 11

Example:

Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcat-strncat) strings:

Ans:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

main()

char A[]="Ministry", S[]="University", Z[]="Electrical";

cout<<strcat(A,S)<<endl;

cout<<strncat(S,Z,4)<<endl;

cout<<strcat(S,Z)<<endl;

getch();

The result is:

MinistryUniversity

UniversityElec

UniversityElecElectrical

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