Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017.
By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
C++ Mathematical Functions:
The C++ originally supported by the set of 22 math functions. In C++,
the math functions require the header <math.h>. All angles are in radians.
sin(x) cos(x) tan(x) asin(x) acos(x)
atan(x) atan2(x) sinh(x) cosh(x) tanh(x)
ceil(x) floor(x) exp(x) fabs(x) log(x)
log10(x) pow(x,p) sqrt(x) fmod() frexp(x)
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the mathematical functions:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
float d,f,b=0.56,x=-1,y=0.33;
d=log(1000);
f=sin(b);
cout<<"\t The log of base 10 for 1000 is = "<< log10(1000)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The log of base 2 for 1000 is = "<<d<<endl;
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
cout<<"\t The sin of b in radian is = "<<f<<endl;
cout<<"\t The sin inverse of f is = "<< asin(f)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The floor of 2.56 is = "<< floor(2.56)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The ceil of 2.56 is = "<< ceil(2.56)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The absolute of -78.6 is = "<< fabs(-78.6)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The power of d for 2.71828 is = "<< pow(2.71828,d)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The square root of 169 is = "<< sqrt(169)<<endl;
cout<<"\t The tan inverse of arg(x/y) is = "<< atan(x/y)<<endl;
getch();
The result is :
The log of base 10 for 1000 is = 3
The log of base 2 for 1000 is = 6.90776
The sin of b in radian is = 0.531186
The sin inverse of f = 0.56
The floor of 2,56 is = 2
The ceil of 2.56 is = 3
The absolute of -78.6 is = 78.6
The power of d for 2.71828 is = 999.995
The square root of 169 is = 13
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
The tan inverse of arg(x/y) is = -1.25205
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to obtain the equation below, for
value of i (1-10), by using mathematical functions:
y = cos i - ⅝*i + atan i / i ²
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
cout<<"The value of y for "<<i<<" is = "<<(cos(i) - 5/8*i + atan(i) /
pow(i,2))<<endl;
getch();
Example:
Write a program in C+
+ language to test the trigonometric identity below, for value of x (0-3)
with (0.2) step, by using mathematical functions:
Sin 2x = 2 * sin x * cos x
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
for(float x=0;x<=3.0;x+=0.2)
cout<<'\t'<<x<<'\t'<<sin(2*x)<<'\t'<<2*sin(x)*cos(x)<<endl;
getch();
The String Functions:
In C++ there is a need to manipulate the strings; string functions
require the header <string.h>.
Full Name keyword Meaning:
- String Length strlen: returns the length of the string.
- String Character strchr: returns the first occurrence of character
- String Copy strcpy – strncopy: function copies up characters from the
string pointed to by str2.
- String cat strcat – strncat: function concatenates a copy of str2 to str1 and
terminates str1 with a null.
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
strlen:
The strlen( ) function returns the length of the null-terminated string
pointed to by str.The null terminator is not counted.
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to find a length of strings:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="qweasd", S[]="98765", Z[]="*(*(*(*(", E[10];
cin>>E;
cout<<strlen(A)<<'\t'<<strlen(S)<<'\t'<<strlen(Z)<<'\t'<<strlen(E);
getch();
The result is:
6 5 8 6
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
strchr:
The strchr( ) function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the
low-order byte of ch in the string pointed to by str. If no match is found, a
null pointer is returned.
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the (strchr) string:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="Ministry of Higher Education", S[]="University of Technology",
Z[]="Electrical Engineering";
cout<<strchr(A,'H')<<endl;
cout<<strchr(S,'o')<<endl;
cout<<strchr(S,'k')<<endl;
cout<<strchr(Z,'c')<<" "<<strchr(Z,'n')<<endl;
getch();
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
The result is:
Higher Education
of Technology
ctrical Engineering ngineering
strcpy - strncpy:
The strcpy( ) function copies the contents of str2 into str1. str2 must be
a pointer to a null terminated string. The strcpy( ) function returns a pointer
to str1.
The strncpy( ) function copies the part of str2 into str1, depending on
the number of character which must be given from str2.
Strncpy(st1,st2,no.)
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcpy-strncpy) strings:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="Ministry of Higher Education", S[]="University of Technology",
Z[]="Electrical Engineering";
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
cout<<strcpy(A,S)<<endl;
cout<<A<<endl;
cout<<strncpy(A,Z,5)<<endl;
cout<<strncpy(S,Z,2)<<endl;
cout<<strcpy(A,S)<<endl;
cout<<A<<endl;
getch();
The result is:
University of Technology
University of Technology
Electrsity of Technology
Eliversity of Technology
Eliversity of Technology
Eliversity of Technology
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcpy-strncpy) strings:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="qweasdfesu", S[]="98765", D[]="+#$%";
strncpy(A,S,3);
cout<<A<<'\t'<<S<<endl;
strncpy(A,S,8);
cout<<A<<'\t'<<S<<endl;
strcpy(A,D);
cout<<A<<'\t'<<D<<endl;
getch();
The result is:
987asdfesu 98765
98765 98765
+#$% +#$%
strcat - strncat:
The strcat() function concatenates a copy of str2 to str1 and terminates
str1 with a null. The null terminator originally ending str1 is overwritten by
the first character of str2. The string str2 is untouched by the operation.
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
The strncat( ) function concatenates part of str2 with str1, depending on
the number of character which must be give from str2.
Strncat(st1,st2,no.)
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcat-strncat) strings:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="qweasdfesu", S[]="98765";
cout<< strncat(A,S,3)<<endl;
cout<< strcat(A,S)<<endl;
getch();
The result is:
qweasdfesu987
qweasdfesu98798765
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 11
Example:
Write a program in C++ language to test the (strcat-strncat) strings:
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
char A[]="Ministry", S[]="University", Z[]="Electrical";
cout<<strcat(A,S)<<endl;
cout<<strncat(S,Z,4)<<endl;
cout<<strcat(S,Z)<<endl;
getch();
The result is:
MinistryUniversity
UniversityElec
UniversityElecElectrical
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