High depth to span ratio

Use as (transfer girder and

For case of transfer girder,

surface.
For case of tank wall, that is
loaded at bottom surface.
Cracks pattern of a uniformly loaded deep beam
• (a) Top loaded
• (b) Bottom loaded

(a) (b)
Empirical design method for deep beam
according to Egyptian code :

• Empirical design method applies when:

• Where:

1.05 𝐿𝑛
• L = min
𝐿˳
Definition of deep beam
 Flexural design  Shear design
𝑇𝑢 (tension force at critical section) - Critical section:-
For uniform load 𝑋 0.15 𝐿𝑛
As =
.
∗
.
For concentrated load 𝑋 0.5 𝑎

. ∗ .
As,min= smaller of bd 𝑏𝑑
1.3 𝐴𝑠
.
𝑏𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
not less than .
𝑏𝑑 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙

Where:
Yct= 0.86 L 0.87𝑑 (for simple beam)

3
 𝑄𝑢 - 𝒒𝒖 𝒒𝒄𝒖 (uncracked) - 𝒒𝒖 𝒒𝒄𝒖 (uncracked)
𝑞𝑢 𝑞𝑢, 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑏∗𝑔 - Vertical stirrups:

𝑑
Where: g=min .3
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑏 𝑠ˬ 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
- Av = .25
𝑏 𝑠ˬ ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 - 𝑞𝑠𝑢= δᵥ*qsuᵥ+ 𝛿ₕ*qsuₕ
- qu,max=δd*0.7 ∗ (δd*4) N/mm²
- Horizontal stirrups:

.
𝑏 𝑠ₕ 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
- Ah = .
qcu (uncracked) =δdc*0.16 ∗ 𝑏 𝑠ₕ ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 ∗
ₛ
- qsuᵥ
ᵥ∗

ₕ∗
0.30* N/mm² - qsuₕ
ₛ
100 ₕ∗
- 𝑠ₕ and 𝑠ˬ
200
- δdc=3.50 -2.5* 1

2.5 4
5
Ex1:-
A transfer girder is to support one
column, having a factored load of
9000KN as shown in the figure. Its
clear span is 7.5 m. The girder has to
carry also a factored uniform load
having a value of 300 KN/m. The

6.5
material properties are Fcu=25 N/mm²
and Fy=350 N/mm².
- Design the beam using the empirical
design method.

6
 . ∗ ⁶
As = 11828.29 𝑚𝑚
1.05 𝐿 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 1.05 ∗ 7.5 7.875 𝑚 ∗ . ∗ ³∗
1- Leff = min . .
𝐶𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐶𝑙 7.5 0.8 8.3 𝑚
. ∗ . ∗
Leff = 7.875 m As,min= min bd ∗ 650 ∗ 6400 13371.43 mm²
Assume the distance from bottom fibers to 1.3 𝐴𝑠 1.3 ∗ 11828.29 𝑚𝑚²
the center of tension reinforcement = 100 mm .
not less than ∗ 650 ∗ 6400 6240 𝑚𝑚²
- d=6500-100= 6400 mm= 6.4 m
- Leff/d = 7.875/6.4 = 1.23 1.25 As,min = 13371.43 mm² As
(can be applied empirical method)
As=As,min = 13371.43 mm² (22∅28
2- Flexural design
As` = 0.15 * As (4∅25
0.86 ∗ 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 0.86 ∗ 7.875 6.7725 𝑚
Yct = min
0.87 ∗ 𝑑 0.87 ∗ 6.4 5.568 𝑚
Yct = 5.568 m
Max moment (at mid span)
² ∗ . ∗ . ²
Mmax =

20044.34 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 7
3- Shear design:-

1.875 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

X= 1.875+0.1875 = 2.063 m
∗ .
R= 5681.25 𝐾𝑁

- Shear and moment at critical section of shear

𝑑 6400 𝑚𝑚
g=min
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 7875 𝑚𝑚

𝑄𝑢 5062.5 ∗ 10³
𝑞𝑢 1.22 𝑁/𝑚𝑚²
𝑏∗𝑔 650 ∗ 6400
qu,max=δd*0.7 ∗ = 1.30*0.7∗ = 4.24
.

(1.30* 4) N/mm²
qu qu,max ……….. (safe dimensions)
.
- δdc=3.50 -2.5* 3.50 −2.5∗ 2.6 2.5 …… δdc=2.5
. ∗ .

qcu (uncracked) =δdc*0.16 ∗

0.30* N/mm²