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KINAMETICS

1. The document discusses different cases of motion graphs including position-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and acceleration-time graphs. It analyzes various scenarios like constant velocity, uniform acceleration, increasing/decreasing acceleration, vertical motion under gravity. 2. Examples are provided to interpret graphs for motion with uniform velocity and uniform acceleration in different directions. Relationships between slope, velocity and acceleration are explained. 3. Graphs are presented for the motion of a particle dropped from a height and a bouncing ball released from 1.5m. Key points like shape of graphs and changes in slope, velocity and constant acceleration are highlighted.

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196 views6 pages

KINAMETICS

1. The document discusses different cases of motion graphs including position-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and acceleration-time graphs. It analyzes various scenarios like constant velocity, uniform acceleration, increasing/decreasing acceleration, vertical motion under gravity. 2. Examples are provided to interpret graphs for motion with uniform velocity and uniform acceleration in different directions. Relationships between slope, velocity and acceleration are explained. 3. Graphs are presented for the motion of a particle dropped from a height and a bouncing ball released from 1.5m. Key points like shape of graphs and changes in slope, velocity and constant acceleration are highlighted.

Uploaded by

SaήjaγKs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KINAMETICS

1. Table: Different Cases in Position-Time Graph

Graph Analysis Description


The slope of position-time The particle is not moving
graph is zero, dx  0 .
dt

The slope of position-time The line with constant slope represents uniform
graph is constant and velocity of the particle. The particle is moving
positive, from positive side of a reference point and keep
dx on moving in positive x-direction.
= constant and positive
dt

The slope of position-time The line with constant slope represents uniform
graph is constant and velocity of the particle. The particle is moving
negative. from positive side of a reference point and
dx moving towards reference point in negative x-
= constant and positive direction (negative displacement).
dt

The slope of position-time  The Positive slope of tangent at t = 0


graph is not constant but represents the initial velocity of the
positive and increasing particle is positive.
with time.  As slope of the curve is increasing with
time, it means velocity is increasing. The
particle is moving with positive
acceleration.
 The particle start moving from positive
initial velocity and keep on moving in
positive x-direction and the speed
increases uniformly with time.

SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA


ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111
The slope of position-time  The positive slope of tangent at t=0
graph is not constant and represents the initial velocity of the
changing its sign from particle is positive.
positive to negative.  In time interval 0 to t1 , the slope of the
curve is positive but decreasing with time
it means the particle is moving towards
right and speed is decreasing. The particle
is moving with negative acceleration.
 At time t1 , the slope of the curve is zero,
it means the particle momentary comes
into rest.
 After time t1 , the slope of the curve is
negative. It means the particle is moving
towards left and speed is increasing.

2. Table: Different Cases in Position-Time Graph


Graph Analysis Description
The slope of velocity-time The acceleration of moving particle is zero.
dv The particle keep on moving in positive x-
graph is zero,  0. direction with constant velocity.
dt

 The slope of The acceleration is constant and in the direction of


velocity time graph velocity. The particle start moving from rest and
is constant and keep on moving in positive x-direction and the
dv speed increases uniformly with time.
positive,
dt
=constant
 Initial velocity of
SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA
ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111
the particle is zero.

 The slope of The particle first moves in negative x-direction,


velocity time graph the acceleration acts in positive x-direction. The
is constant and speed of the particle decreases and becomes zero
dv after some time. Then the particle starts moving in
positive, = positive x-direction and keeps on moving in
dt positive x-direction. The speed of the particle is
constant increasing uniformly with time.
 Initial velocity of
the particle is
negative.

 The slope of The acceleration is constant and in the direction of


velocity-time graph velocity. The particle starts moving from positive
is constant and initial velocity and keeps on moving in positive x-
dv direction and the speed increases uniformly with
positive, time.
dt
=constant.
 Initial velocity of
the particle is
positive.

3.
Particle is moving with increasing acceleration

SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA


ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111
 2  1
 tan  2  tan 1  a2  a1

4.
Particle is moving with decreasing acceleration

 2  1
 tan  2  tan 1
 a2  a1

5. If a body is projected vertically upward from some height


Taking initial position as origin and direction of motion (i.e., downward direction) as a
positive)

6. If a body is projected vertically upward


Taking initial position as origin and direction of motion (i.e., vertically up) as positive

SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA


ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111
7. Graphical Representation of Motion of A Particle Moving Under Gravity
If a body is dropped from some height (initial velocity zero) Taking initial position as
origin and direction of motion (i.e., downward direction) as a positive.

Position-time Velocity time graph Acceleration-time


graph graph

8. A rubber ball is released from a height about 1.5 m. It is caught after three bounces.
Sketch graphs of its position, velocity and acceleration as functions of time. Take
positive y-direction as upward direction.

Check the following points:


(a) Position and time graphs will have the same shape as the given graph.
(b) The slope of the position-time graph gives the velocity. Hence, changes in velocity
can be observed as per the slope of the position-time graph.
(c) the slope of the velocity-time graph gives the acceleration.
(d) Acceleration in free fall remains constant with time.

SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA


ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111
Note: Velocity is changing at points B, C, D, E, F. At B, D, and F, velocity changes suddenly
from negative to positive and at C and E, velocity changes smoothly from positive to
negative. At B, D, and F, velocity changes very quickly so the acceleration must be very
large.

Position-time graph: the diagram given itself conveys position-time graph.

Velocity-time graph: As the slope of v-t graph changes thrice negative to positive during
bounces. So v-t graph must observe sharp changes at these points.

Acceleration-time graph: slope of v-t graph remains same (-10 m s 2 ), i.e, it has single value
during the free fall. At the time of contact with floor changes substantially during a very
short time interval. So the acceleration will be large and positive, which has to be
represented in the form of straight upward lines.

SRI CHAITANYA ACADEMY, INDIA


ADDRESS:- SCO 369-370, SECTOR-34-A, CHANDIGARH(UT)-160022
SCO-219, SECTOR 14 PANCHKULA PH-0172-4185137
Phone No: - 0172, 4185157, 4734111

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