as butthecommutative

thealgebraíc
direction
versa. sum
it negative. shown
in given VECTOR
consider of
quantity,
path, algebraic
displacements. addition
quantity. vice is
circular
clockwise it IN
we itand as is as sense,
vectoris
revolutionpositivetreated sense, P DISPLACEMENT
the 3 The
dimensionless a sense, of
anticlockwise displacement
in ís position
counterplane
be clockwise
displacement
angular 600 a scalar.
anticlockwise sense, is
and as can o60o rad
taken
one angular displacement
a
degree in in displacements
Circular
Motion a
is
displacement 2t
measured
x-direction
rad=360°=1rev
in
is revolves measured
negatiye
angular LLUTRATIDN
91
the
in
angle
clockwise
3
=2r-(7/3)]=3 (2-) ANGULAR
is
displacement
angular
are in and
radian describe in dôy
units position particle 0calculate
when
positive
total
the
angle angular +
angular count small
Points:
Important
SIunit
is
Its other positive
andthe EXPRESSINGdõ,
you the angular
=
Angular Angularthe Elementary
Some fromWhen scalars.positive
finite we
Hence
the figure?
the we =+rad
Measuring dô,
elementary
do If FORM
If of How
+
finite d×,
Sol.

MOTION
OF MOTION in
interpretation). displacement,
CIRCULAR with andinstant
angle
by its origin,
vector Suppose
changes.
itsisAt,an
particle
withdynamics
study
for studied
we inpath.
Newton's
chapter,
ofNewton's
motion
involved aroundit velocity,
a the "non-uniform called A0
through
changing r This
When these given position
radius Angularthen
on
displacement
willbegin the
is depends
interval
this ittravels the OX.
we willthe apply CIRCULAR speed, about
learn a As
mnotion.
In force
application
is always TO of Pat
Now study in everyday position, and the line. time,
learn
to CIRCULAR
NEMATICS (uniform) change circle particle.which
We call
we RELATED OP
particle ite time position
moving
if acceleration.
an
indeed angular angle
specity angular
or1gin, reference
in
A0
now. to

RODUCTION how motion is between

motion.
on thelinear paths. circular
in a thevector through
till go shall
then NON-UNIFORM
AND
IFORM time, as
with
aboutwill
we
The in the given
see to angle
angular

9 to w.r.t. the
moving
linearand
motion involving constantacceleration
(contrary TERMINOLOGY
theneed called of a the
and circular velocity studied line. of position
angle Angle
circular in
motion now decide vector ybe
described
position depends
rotates on
We we
motion. reference is
situations:
chapters, varies
particle
the is
simstuplAddie d preceding curvitraveling
r1
circular
same
of
circular
uniform at
arc
objlsoinectears
definedthe
speed we accelerationTo
space line P
position particle
theangular
1 displacement:
glar
circle,
displacement.
particle lar
displaceme

uioreenatmoticaulsion,ar sofnotstiuodyn
kinematics angular
is
there
motion, circular in
position: reference
theeeplo in. in
circularmotion".
ular the
is in MPORTANT
point(ii)
and the
it
does
not
point
rotates
above
and
Eocityto a the a 0.The
cioularso
isurticlae df nhysicsachange tion, Ouppose
he wil 2aasting OTIONInear rence of Onginby the
gularSton hcalled
Mgular
bor stion. te
on
ves
h D
 9.2 Mechanics I

6.+6, , +6,. Butbewhen a

three-dimensional notion treated
But in angles may
also
particle moves in a planc. the finite moves in a circular path,
as vectors. It means when a particle displacement as vectors.
angular
we can consider the finitedisplacement is decided by
right hand
Direction of small angular
thumb rule. motion of the
along the
When the fingers are directed the direction of angular
point then thumb will represent
Note: The magnitude of the
angular
displacement.
(or along) the
A is directed parallel to
axis
ofrevolution. speed.
Important Points:
velocityis gven as ang
Hence A is an axial vector.
Angular velocity has dimension.
of
If a body makes n revolutions in t (T] andaSi urit
angular velocity in radian per second seconds then arvaerds
humb wil be o,=
Curled fingers of right hand FREQUENCY ANDTIME PERIOD
(2) (b)
Frequency of circular motion is used when
RELATION BETWEEN LINEAR AND
ANGULAR with constant linear and angular speed. This isthe
definparedticle
mo
QUANTITIES of complete revolutions of a particle in one second. as nunm
vector form
We know arc length ds =r
d0. We can express it in a that the particle completes one revolution in timeLetuTs asg
Hence, in one second the particle has
ds = dðxr
d "frequency" given as 1/Trevolution,
f= 1/T
de
Angular frequency: Since o= ’ do = 0dt
d
27

As 0 = constant
defined as total angular
Average angular velocity: It is
displacement divided by total time taken. =o[l, [2r -0]=o[T-o|
Angular displacement_e,-_ A0 This gives o= = 21f
Total time taken At T
motion can be
Since finite angular displacement in circular TLLUSTRATIDN 9.2
considered as a vector hence average angular velocity taken as
vector. An insect moving in a circle travels N, revolutions
A anticlockwise sense for a time T and N, revolutions
clockwise sense for a time I
AE
1,+1
pAt time t, Find the angular speed averaged over the time
A P At time t, Sol The angular displacement = e= 0, +0,,
0, =2rN, and e, = 2TN,
=|2rN, - 2rN, |= 2r| N,-N,|
Then, the average angular speed is =
Instantaneous angular velocity: It is the limit of average angular 2T
velocity as At approaches zero. It is simply called angular velocity. We have Wa= |N, -N,|
T+T
@= lim 0=a-h+d
A0 A dt ILLUSTRATIGN9.3
The direction of angular velocity o is given by right hand displacementtofa particleis givenby
thumb rule. If we wrap the fingers of the right hand in the sense Ifangular posita
of revolution (turning) of the point, the extended thumb will then find its angular velocity. angular
a
give of changeof
us the direction of the angular velocity. isthe rate
Sol. Angular velocity
As @ is directed parallel to (or along) the axis of
Hence o is an axial vector. revolution. dola-bt
dt
+o)=-b+2ct.
dt
 Circular Motion 9.3

continuously rotates in
UETRATIN9.4 Sol. In Fig. (i) as the particle
points 1 to 2
moves from anticlockwise sense =2T.
Atcle
Find the average 2T
time 2s. =T rad/s
ga o fthe particle over 60 Hence Way = t 2
speed
lar
nanticlockwisesense 30° ön, =n(k)rad/ s
gclockwisesense The angular displacement of the particle =, - , where , =0
and , 0.

Then, we have =0, this gives gv = -= 0.

us
calculate A¢tofind
Angular Acceleration: Ifo, and a, be the instantaneous angular
Let
9
-,,
Since A =, -300 speeds at times , and I, respcctively, then the average angular
and
d, = +60°
Ao=(+60°)-(60°) = 90° = acceleration a is defined as a=
rad
2
A_ nl2 =Irad/s
Hencc Maw 1/2 INSTANTANEOUs ANGULAR ACCELERATION
It is the limit of average angular velocity as At approaches zero.
do
60° a= lim
A-0 At dt

30° Hence, the angular acceleration is defined as the"rate of change

in angular velocity".
Since a= .. ä=
dt dt
Ifthe particle moves from 1 to 2 in clockwise sense, do
3rc Also a= 0
the angulardistance A0' = -rad de
2
37t/2
Hence av =3 rad/ s Important Points:
At 1/2
Unit of angular acceleration is rad/s.
Dimensional formula is [T1.
60°
If a= 0, circular motion is said to be uniform.
=0t
30°
-
(2r-)
|A a

LuSTRATION 9.5
particle starts from the point 1 and reaches at the same point w increases
w decreases

revolving once in anticlockwise sense as shown in the

B() and once in anticlockwise sense and again in clockwise If \o| increases If |o| decreases
tiSe as shown in the Fig. (ii), If the time taken in both the d|o| is positive. d|o|
S IS equal to 2 s, find the average angular velocity of the is negative.
dt dt
Article.
Then, a is directed parallel Then, is directed anti
to o. parallel to w

MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION

o, ’ Initial angular velocity
o ’ Final angular velocity
0) a ’Constant angular acceleration
(W)
e ’ Angular displacement
 angular
dt wih
let angulardefined
pointdrawn.wat.and
v
0, be moving different.
@po
velociwrtties
ij
ang
ds dt willh
time speed time,dt
öxi
velocity
the vector
tto is line Then be torespect can Here line)
Ref. @p 'l'particle
t particle
respect positionfigure.can
reference particle 0, A,w.r.
with ù
= RELATIVE
ANGULAR
VELOCITY O
P P below.
particle bewill w..t. with
x; with de
linear have linear moving
with in pointaVSin
with
'4 P
moving
particle ofI
P
sides
the =
dê sides
we the
Its a shown
as
defined v. line on 'P' givena given and particle velocity
s
both links ds both 0, point a Consider
links thevelocityas observer figure
the:0
As ds = fixed 0- a aof are
differentiating
formula differentiating dê dt formula) of
is vector line of of w.r.t. ofvelocity
de
form:
form.
velocity
Pis
with
moving
somethis an asgiven velocityvelocity
points. velocityparticles
If relative
and
=j shown
path
in P
=r V=r)
positionTakewith w.r.t. particle
abovevector abovevector
ds
Then,Then
Angular also different Angular
AngularAngular Angulartwothe
a Then ds dt P
say.anglepoint
The The a is write
In But in the F lt
the

isit before circular

path.velocity
242 VELOcITY
notion
Circular 100
Then
rev/sec. interval.
made
=15000ev
=xSx60 rev/sec
50
=
2R
2/2V velocity
o;+2a0
=
o' retardation) instantaneous dt,
this (/2)
0R 2v ANGULAR
time
at 2 revolution during a LRI2V instantaneous
t 15000 50
60x in a
0, retardation. speed W2R) P during
60) 2
0= with stop. angular velocity
velocity
angular its =
x
a(5 to angle
constant 2 R Total
displacement ANDds
to of rotation velocity 0,t=
Translational
motion minutes uniform 100
+0) Total
time its length
number angular
angular - Total
tine
taken an LINEAR de
TLLUSTRATION
9.6 100 to
-1) 2
a=rev/sec
of 97 with
ILLUSTRATIGNdescribes
average
angle velocity arc
S=+(21 5
takes (Assume average
of
total value
0= angle moving describe
velocity
=
v an
BETWEEN
=v
+2as average describes
otating
It ad Total of particle velocity
9.4
MechanicsI
1'=,+
at off. the stops.
the the 2 + is ratio to
0, particle Instantaneous RELATION
Find
istanswitched FindFind (a)
= 0= the the taken of particle
it (c)
ay Average ratio
Findwhen
A (a) (b) (c) Sol. (b) A Sol. Time The Ifa
 Ctrcular Motson 9.5

putieleshas Anyulur velocities i, and to,

two yelocity ol particle '1'w.r.t. particle
The angle between 0 and OB, 0 0,-0,
them
The rate of change of angle between
angular velocity of particle ' we.t dt dt di
tuleulatethe is
subtraction of angular speeds. It
Here, a, - 0, is the
of changc of angle between 0A and OB. This is
the rate
are moving. Relativc angular
cles Aund not angular velocity ofB w.rt. A.complete one revolution
oncto
wih respcct to anoher moving particle It means the time taken by
vecityof the oition vector of Bwitlh renpcct
around O w.r.t, the other
anyeuln
isthe rate
at which positionvector of Bwith
it tlhat instant. T=
21 2T7 T
2r 217 T,-Ts
('),
(»
Noal
emponen Radial eonponcnt
ofveetyof4 volocity of I
ts******** 1LLUBTRATÍGN9.8)
specd v.
a circle with constant
V

particle is moving in the

(a
A R,find the angular velocity of
If th radius of the circle is
Rulial componcnt
relative to any point Aon the perimeter of the circle.
of velocity ofA Nornal componcnt particle
of velocity of
llhematicnllydelincuN,
Rclativevvelocityof
Bw.r.t. Aperpcndicular to line AB
Soporation botwccn A and 3
K'a),+()|
particle P with respect to A.
Sol:) Angular velocity of the
nportantPolnts concentric vcOs
two different
purticlosuro moving on of AP 2R cos
(vo velocities then angular velocityand
cigles with ditlerent positions
willdepend on theirBare closest to
Tangent
BAs observed by Atho case when A and
direction
velocitics. Considor dircction as shown in figuro.
noving in sume ()ycos 0
cach other

Radial
direction)
R COs

Jo y

- V -Va
In thissituation, (V) =V
Separation between Aund B, A =CA
Angular vclocity of P w.r.t. O
dillerent
same circle or
oparticles are moving onthe direction with diflerent OP
same
panar concentric circles in respectively, Important Observation:
unifomangular speed o,and w,
Here we can observe po= [email protected] uniform circular
The angular velocity of a particle angular velocity about any
motion about its centre is twice its
path.
Initial line) point situated on its circular
Intbal line
 9.6 Mechancs I

LLSTeAON ,9
An acroplane moves with constant velocityvvparallelto -ax0s
Hence, B, +vg
sin ,
at a heighty=A. Find the
(a) angular velocity
(0) angular acceleration of the aeroplane relative to Oas the
unction of time t. Assume that at t=0,X =0. (),in0, B

hLuaTRATION9.
Two
satellites Tare
1 and 2
and 20 relative to
same plane. If the radiithe
of cent orrebitiofngeartwihth
find the angular thofeir1 orbits are and
ranrdes3prcetivsey,
velocity
velocity of 2relative to I(0,,).relative to
(a) Angular velocity, @po OP
vcos
..)
Here x= vt
and cos:
Nh +
Hence O=
SOEAngular velocity of 1' w.I.t. 2
P

V, =yCOs
(-) (3r-)
h

(b) Angular acceleration a = da

dt
() =

(h'+) "7o,-20
d vh d

(-1) Angular velocity of 2w.r.t '1'

= vh
-21 =. -2v'ht

(-)
LLUSTRATIGN 9.10
Find the angular 6or-wr
with respect to Bvelocity
of A
given below:
in the figure (3r-r)

So
Angular velocity of Awith respect to B;
oja=
(V=V Sint, t VSin 6, and
ran=r rAB
 Circular Motion 9.7

rRATIDN 9.12 LLUSTRATION 9,14

i of meeting of minute hand and second -Oy=0
Acycl is placed upside down while
its owner repairs the tire on the rear
12 wheel. His friend spins the front wheel, tof
of radius R, and observes that drops of
water fly'off tangentially in an upward
direction when the drops are at the
same level as the center of the wheel.
Hemeasures the height reached by
5 drops moving vertically as shown in figure. A drop that
6
distance h, above
breaks lo0se from the tire on one turn rises a
the next turn
the tangent point. A drop that breaks loose on
rad/ min and w,o = -rad/ min
270
rises a distance h, < h, above the tangent point. The height
1 angular speed
to which the drops rise decreases because the determine
Pon60
changeof
angle between minute hand and second of the wheel decreases. From this information,
of the
f the magnitude of the average angular acceleration
wheel.
drop-Earth
Sol. The mechanical energy is conserved in the
first drop has
2 T =2r ’T=
1 60 system. At the instant, it comes off the wheel. The
velocity is
a velocityv, directed upward. The magnitude of this
min
-

60) found from

AK + AU
UETRATION 9.13
drop
partcles 4 and B move on
a circle. Initially Particle A The angular velocity of the wheel at the instant the first
are
diagonallyopposite to each other. Particle Amove with leaves is
velocity Trad/s, angular acçeleration 2 rad/s and
with constant angular velocity 2z rad/sec. Find R VR
Bmoves
me afer which both the particles A and B will collide.
O,= a's Similarly, for the second drop:
a,= 1/2rad/s
V, =/2gh, and w, R R'
The angular acceleration of the wheel is then

a=
a;-a 2ghIR-2gh, /Rglh-)
240 2(2r) 2R
W, =2r rad/s

Let the angle between OA and OB at any time is 0. ACCELERATION IN CIRCULAR

ite of change of 0,
d
=0B-04= 27-= rad/sec
MOTION
dt TANGENTIAL AND RADIAL ACCELERATION
ive angular acceleration,
In circular motion, the acceleration of the particle can be resolved
into two components one along the radius and one along the
d' 2
tangent to its path. The component along the radius is called
tglar displacement is A9, A0 - êt+-âr
2
normal acceleration or radial or centripetal acceleration. The
component along the tangent direction is called tangential
TAmd Bto collide angular displacement Ae=n
acceleration.
Centripetal acceleration: It is responsible for change in direction
of velocity. In circular motion, there is always a centripetal
t-41+4=0
=2sec
acceleration.
Centripetal acceleration is always variable because it changes in
8= rad/s direction. Centripetal acceleration is also called radial acceleration
or normal acceleration.
 9.8 Mechanics 1
Differentiation of speed
a, = gives tar
dt
.
Differentiation of velocity
d,

dt ()gves
in a curve, are not
Tangential acceleration: When a particle movesparticle
the magnitude of its velocity, that is, speed of the may
dt dt
same physical
change. Since the velocity changes its magnitude along
tangent to the path, the rate at which the magnitude of
the
velocity
cnanges along the tangent is called tangential acceleratton.
is the

i.., magnitude off

magnitude
total
of
rate of c quanity.
a, =
d_ d|i|= ar = Rate of change of speed.
dt di
d|k|
dt
is arate of acceleration
change of speed, ie.
Important Points: FINDING CENTRIPETAL AcCELERATION
IT tangential acceleration is directed in direction of Consider a particle which
Velocity then the speed of the particle increases. [Fig. (2)1 vas shown in figure. W When
moves in a circle
IT tangential acceleration is directed opposite to velocity the particle ith
change throughv same con(stteavnd
angle 0, its velocity vector rotates
then the speed of the particle decreases. [Fig. (b)1 this time let the velocity
from, detoscrlbVg:es
a

(a) (b)

ToTAL AcCELERATION Change in velocity between the

point Aand B
T'otal acceleration is vector sum of centripetal acceleration and
tangential acceleration.
Magnitude of change in velocity.

|a=+v+2v,vg cos r-0)

Javl=+v-2v° cos® = 2v(l-cos)
dt
-= å,+,

Magnitude of change in velocity, |4|=2vsin

tan = ’ = tan
a ) Distance travelled by particle between Aand B =r
Important Points: ro
Hence time taken, A=
V
" In uniform circular motion, the speed of the particle is
constant. Its tangential acceleration should be zero, Magnitude of average net acceleration,
a, =
dt 2vsin2
2 2sin 2
But its direction of motion is changing continuously.
It means its velocity is changing. It should have
centripetal acceleration or radial acceleration. Hence this
net acceleration is equal to centripetal acceleration 6
If At ’ 0, then is small,
 dircction of this acceleration. Circular Motion 9.9
lind the
etus havetakcnvery short time interval da
this we have = -xF+ öx dt
During interval 0 tends to dt
0).
(A8’
), Va rotates towards V,. do d
quentiy.Avtendssto be perpendicular Substituting d
o and
dt
Since / is tangential, Av
must be
vinwardasshownin figure.
di
io directed towards the center of the circle
d

where f = unitvector of position vector

abovee
accelerationis known as centripetal or normal or radial
the
arises from the we have ã= åxY+öxi
he It
Aceeration. change in direction of velocity ..(i)
ftheparticle. As f changes its direction with respect to time, In above equation, the vector a has two components &xY and
centrpetal
lacceleration must change its direction. ÖxV. Let us explore the meaning of the first component
ImportantPoints: As @= a(k) and F= r (P), then
The centripetal acceleration or normal acceleration or
adial acceleration is
given by @xi=ar(kxr)
Since kxr=t, It means &xY =ar()
Hence this the tangential component of total acceleration a.
Here we have derived the formula of centripetal that is, tangential acceleration a,
acceleration under ccondition of constant speed, the same Let us explore the meaning of thesecond component (@xv)
formula is applicable even when speed is variable.
@= o(k) and ù = ví.
LUSTRATION9.15 Then öxi= ovkxi)
moves in a cirrcle
of radius 2.0 cm at a speed given As kxi =-,it means, @
xk= @v(-)
Aparticle wherevis in dcm/s and t is in seconds.
byy=41,
The component öxkis directedradiallyinward. It is the radial
a Find the tangential acceleration at t= 1s.
ls. component of total acceleration, that is, centripetal acceleration.
6) Find total acceleration at = Now it is clear total acceleration in non-uniform circular motion
Sol. is given by the relation,
(a) Tangential acceleration
d where , = @xY is the tangential acceleration and , =@xv is
4 of a, =4) =4cm/s the centripetal acceleration.
(4-= 8 cm/s The magnitude of tangential acceleration 4,| =ar
R 2
and the magnitude of radial acceleration , =0.v
0 a +a =y(4)'+(8)² =4V5 cm/s' We know v=0r or @=-, it means, ,=
AccELERATION IN CIRCULAR MoTION: VECTOR
APPROACH ILLUSTRATION 9.16

Vator relation between velocity and angular velocity is given Aparticle at the edge of a rotating disc speeds up from rest at
by, a uniform angular acceleration a. If the radius of the disc is R,
find the angular distance covered by the particle till it acquires
..)
a total acceleration a,
Diferentiating the above equation with time, we have
Sol. Using o =o; +2a0
a-tx) dt
Using formula vector
the
di
of
The angular displacement of the particle till it attains an
o is
velocity
calculus,
d
AxB)= X+ixdB 20
dt dt
 When aarticle moves
0.10 Me han res)
staris fiom due to
le .() change in
Then, e

letcaulate o) The otalacleaon

oftc
(nomal) acecleration (ä,l- ?
of its velocity.
nIa grm
we have
particle is a,
1f ihe of the
naunm acccleratlon
Nommal
...(1) acceleration (a,)\

This givCs ) = Norial direction

we have Hence we can write, R
i Eq. (i),
Substituting e from Eq. (ii) )in a,
a-R`a) where, R= radius of the
2a R 2Ra the particle has a velocity effective circle
ù and

ac el raion.Th
as radius of curvature of
the path
LLUSTRATION 9.17 radius Rsuch that
it
given position (or time).
fol owed by he
A particle
moves in a circular
speed vvaries with distance sasv=
path of
where ais apositive
LLUSTRATION 9.1A
yati
i a/s AparticleePmoves with aA
constant. Find the acceleration of fthe particle after
a distance s.
traversing
in a curve as shown in the Const
figure.ant speed v
the variation of magnitude
acceleration with time and distance.
of Dinorscmusal p
Sol. The total acceleration,
Sol. Radius of curvature, R
where v=as
Differentiating v=dvs with respect to time or a, oR
1 a,
-’a,= R

d Smaller the radiussof curvature larger the

But
ds
d
=as
2 dt

4, = d
dv a?
2
2
centripeal aco
2
2
The total acceleration

2
(4,1
a=, R

Hence normal acceleration first

increases and then
RADIUS OF CURVATURE TLLUSTRATIDN 919
Any curved path can be assumed to be made of infinite circular Aparticle is projected with velocity uat an
res. We can draw a circle that closely fits nearby points on a horizontal. ange wih te
cal section of a curve. Radius of curvature at a point is the ) Find thetangential andI normal
dius of the circular arc at a particular point which fits the curve at t=0 and at highest point of itsacceleration
trajectory.nof he garic
that point. Or we can say it is the radius of the approximating (1) Find the radius of curvature:
cle at that point.
(a) at O (b) at highest position .

This radius changes as we move

along the curve.
 iretar Mntion 9,11

of tangential
So The direction of normal
the dircction ofacceleration
normal
is in the linc of acceleration is
velocity direction as shown in figure. perpend1cular to
dicularto
naldirections
a
vclocity
Oand direction. The acccleration
P are shown in figure.
is
tangential and Tangential direction

Noumal Tangential dircction

dinvtion

Nomal Normal acceleratrn (a,)

|aeleration (a,)
cOs
Ro
Tangential
accleration
(a), Normal
direction
The horizontal component of particle velocity will be constant
At Pointo UCOs
AIO
(att=
0) vcos, = ucos ’ v=
cos
angentialacceleration, a, =-g sin 0
Normmal,
acceleration, a, =gcos Radius of curvature, R=
a,
Normmaldircction 2
Tangential acceleration (a) =0 ucose
u'cos
Tangential direction
R= cos2
gcos2 gcos 2
Normal àcceleration (a,) =g
CONGPT APPLICATION EXERCISE 9.1
R
1. A particle is moving with constant speed in a circle as
shown in figure. Find the angular velocity of the particle
At Point P Awith respect to fixed points Band Cifangular velocity
with respect to O is 0.
highestpoint)
(at
AtP
Tangentialacceleration, a, =0
Nornmal
acceleration, a g B

Ler radius of curvature at o be R. The normal

9) beg cos e.
acceleration at O
2 2. Particles A and B move with constant and equal speeds in
-’ R = a circle as shown in figure. Find the angular velocity of
an gcos
the particle A with respect to B, if the angular velocity of
Radius off curvature at P particle A wr.t. O is o.
(b)
Normal acceleration at P is 'g'
v ( , cos 0)v cos? e
Rp = B

LUSTRATIC
3. Find the angular velocity of Awith respect to Oat the
particle is projected with velocity u at an angle e with instant shown in figure.
A horizontal. Find the radius of curvature where its line of
horizontal.
aoion makes an angle 6/2 with

VP Ofixed)

4. A particle travels in a circle of radius 20 cm at a speed

that uniformly increases. If the speed changes from
5.0 ms- to 6.0 ms- in 2.0 s. find the angular acceleration.