1

/
1

SUBSIDIA
1

RY ICT CLASS
I

NOTES
1

SUBJECT OUTLINE S.5

1. Introduction to computing 1

2. Computer management 2

3. Computer lab care and maintenance S

C
4. Computer hardware T

5. Computer software

6. Internet
and World Wide Web
7. Word processing
8. Spreadsheets Practical 9.
Presentation software
1
2 5

1 0

/ /

1 1

3
S

8
 INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTING

A computer is an electronic
device that can accept data
input, process it 1

according to some specified 1

/

instructions, output the

information, 0
 S

and store the results for future

use. B

Computer literacy is the

ability of an individual to
properly use and interact
with a computer and all its
accessories to solve a problem.
4

CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE MODERN
COMPUTERS

🞆 Accuracy - Computers are

designed to produce error free
results in whatever they do. It
is rather the user who may
makes mistakes.
🞆 The Acronym GIGO(Garbage In
Garbage Out) matches with this
characteristic. 🞆 Diligence - This is
the computer’s ability to perform
the same task for long time
without getting tired.
 S3 Notes

` 1

🞆 Artificial intelligence – 7

Computers are able to perform S

human related tasks. They can B

respond to requests given to them 8

and provide solutions. This is

accomplished by the power of
the programs installed in
them. The evidence of this is
seen in industrial robots.
6

🞆Automation – Modern
computers are able to
work with minimal or no
supervision in carrying
tasks when instructed.
This automation can be
applied in the way data
is processed but more
evident in robotic
systems.

S3 Notes

🞆Storage – Computers are

able to keep information in
some location primarily the
Hard disk for future use.
However other storage
media are provided e.g
Floppy disks, CDs,
Memory cards etc. Also
data being processed is
 held in temporary memory
for example on a RAM for
easy access.
S3 Notes

XTICS OF THE MODERN

COMPUTERS
(CONT..)

🞆Speed - Computers are

quite fast and a
computer’s processor
determines its speed. The
processor speed is measured
in units of Hertz. 🞆
Versatility - Computers are
capable of doing more than one
task at the same time. This is
also known as multi-tasking.

S3 Notes

PARTS OF A COMPUTER AND

THEIR USES A computer is

made up of parts that

1

7
are tangible [physical] and those
that 2
/

are intangible(programs). S

Tangible parts include C

I

i. System Unit with its internal 0

components
ii. Basic hardware attached to the
system unit e.g keyboard, mouse,
monitor etc
Intangible parts include the
software programs that run
the computer
10

THE SYSTEM UNIT/SYSTEM CASE

This is the rectangular case /box that 1

houses the electronic components

inside 0

the computer. It contains the

following:- S

i. The power supply unit(PSU) T

 S

ii. System fan

iii. Heatsinks
iv. Hard disk drive

v. CD/DVD-ROM drive
11

THE SYSTEM UNIT….

ix. The motherboard 1

⚫ The CPU 1

2
⚫ CMOS battery 0

⚫ RAM chips
I

⚫ Expansion slots 5

⚫ Bus lines
⚫ Ports
 Click to see images 12
1. PowerSupply Unit-
converts the wall socket
outlet 1

alternating current (AC)

into 1

direct current (DC) power

to S

run the computer. I

C
 T

2. Fan/ system fan –

generates 1
/

air to keep the power

supply and other
components in the
system unit from
getting too
hot.
13

1
2. Hard disk drive-This stores 7

application programs, users’ data S

and the Operating System(OS) B

software that manages other 8

software.
3. DVD/CD -ROM drive-this
provides a means of writing or
reading information to or from
DVD or CD respectively.
14
5. Mother board- This is the main circuit
board in the system unit which serves as
a single platform to 1

connect all of the parts of a computer together

. 1

Through buses, it allocates power and allows 0

communication to the CPU, RAM, and all

other S

computer hardware components. B

Components mounted on the

mother 1
 board
a. Central processing unit(CPU)-
carries out all the calculations
and processing of instructions .
15

b). RAM Chips-Temporarily hold

data and instructions that
will be needed 1

shortly by the CPU. 1

c). ROM Chips- These constitute

Firm S

ware i.e. store startup(booting) B

 I

instructions for the computer. S

ets on
the motherboard into which
one can plug expansion
cards e.g. PCI
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect), Memory slots and AGP
(Accelerated Graphics Port)
16

/1

/2

20
 SU

IC

85

/1

17

e). Bus –Is

an electrical channel /path that
allows the various devices inside
and 1

attached to the systems unit to 2

/

2
 0

communicate with each other. S

f). CMOS Battery-Supplies power to 5

CMOS chip to store startup

settings and keep the real-
time clock running even
when the computer is turned
off.
CMOS- Complementary Metal
Oxide Semi - Conductor)
18
g). Ports –A port is a physical point
 through which an external device like
keyboard/ printer or monitor can be
connected to the 1

computer. 7

h). Video or Graphics and audio or sound B

card that allow visual and audio data T

processing 5

i).Real-time clock, is an integrated

circuit on a computer's motherboard .It
provides an accurate date and time, in
addition to allowing a computer to
regulate the timing and speed of all of
its functions.
19

REAL-TIME CLOCK 1

SU

IC

85

/1

20
 Question.
i. Apart from the above mentioned 1

components, identify other parts that are held 1

by the mother board 2

ii. List down some of the components that can be S

replaced on the mother board B

iii. Give two functions of the mother board in the S

system unit 1
/
 21

DATA AND INFORMATION

that are 1

of little meaning until they are put or sorted

in a 1

more useful format e.g. scores in a subject, 2

/

acts) S

Information - It refers to the processed

data S

that has meaning and is there fore very

useful to 0

1
a human being for decision
making e.g. a student’s report
card.

Data processing-It refers to a

step-by step procedure of
converting data(raw facts) into
information.
22

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN BUYING A

COMPUTER Computer

specifications describe the

1

operational and performance

requirements 2
/
 0

of a computer. S

Therefore before buying a computer one C

I

may consider the following

specifications 5

1.Type /speed/power of the CPU

Larger computers use CPUs made up of
separate, high-speed, modern components.
In most cases, the nature of the CPU
determines the speed of computer. 23
2.Amount of RAM (Main
 memory) the CPU can use
A computer equipped with a large amount of
RAM 1

can support more advanced programs and can

even 7

mory at the 0

same time. S

3. Capacity of the storage device(Hard 8

Disk)

Larger computer systems are equipped

 with higher capacity storage devices.
Small computer systems have lower
capacity storage devices. The capacity
varies depending on the nature of the
computer system itself.
S.5 EOL 15.03.19
24
4. Peripheral compatibility- This
is the ability to
connect/accommodate different
external hardware - this can be in
relation 1

to the number of ports that can connect 1

different devices . 0

5. Screen specifications – ie this includes

 I

the size of the screen measured in S

inches taken diagonally through the 0

screen and resolution- a measure of

quality of picture displayed.

6. Battery Capacity: This is

applicable for laptops and it is
measured in Ampere
Hours (AH) indicating how long it
may take a battery before
recharging it.
25
HOW TO CHECK FOR SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

🞆Go to the Desktop 1

1
🞆Right click on “My computer” or /

“Computer” icon 0

🞆Select properties on the dropdown

I

menu 8

🞆 The following will be displayed:

Amount of installed Memory
(RAM), Processor (CPU)
type and speed,
 Operating System and the version,
26

HOW TO CHECK FOR STORAGE

DRIVES AND CAPACITY 1

🞆 Go to the Desktop 1

🞆 Double click on “My computer” icon to open 0

OR Right click My Computer icon and B

choose Open on the drop down menu. T

🞆 Local Storage drives and their capacity will be

displayed. 0

1
🞆 Devices with removable storage will be displayed .

Checking for used and unused space:

🞆 Right click on the one of the storage drives
🞆 Select properties
27
🞆 Used and un used space will be dispalyed
OTHER FACTORS 1

🞆 Cost- This is another factor that may affect 7

choice of a computer since it determines one’s 2

ability to pay for one. S

Note: It is not a system specification C

 T

🞆 Size of the computer

If the computer is to be used by people
in the field other than on table, many
people will prefer buying laptop or
palm top portable computers

28

THE COMPUTER SYSTEM 1

🞆 This is a functional unit consisting of an 7

integrated assembly of parts used to input, 2

process, store and out put information. S

U
 B

🞆 The major parts of the computer system include C

Hardware, Software, Data and Users( human 8

ware)

29
THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE

🞆 Theinformation processing cycle

refers to the order of events that
take place to convert data 1
 1

into information, including storage of 7

information for future use. 0

Diagram showing the T

information processing cycle 5

30
 1. Input of data- This stage
involves
entering data using input
devices 1

or sending data from storage to

the 7

processing system. It also

involves S

checking the accuracy and

 validity C
I

of the input data. 0

2. Processing of data- This

stage involves manipulation
of the input data by processor
(CPU) to get
tput. 31
1

3. Output of information- This stage 1

/

0
 involves the display/production of 2

processed results or information e.g.U

A report from a School Management C

Information Sytem (SMIS) for use 5

through output devices.

4. Data/Information
storage- This is the stage in
which data or
information in a computer is kept
until it is needed for
reprocessing or use.
 32

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY- ICT
This is a set/combination of related 1

technological tools used to create, store, 1

tion. 0

1
 33 1

🞆Technology
is also 1

an application of B

T
 S

science to solve 1

problems.
34

APPLICATIONS OF ICTS IN EVERYDAY

LIFE

Use of ICTs in a Home 1

2
 ▪ Payment for home utility bills e.g 0

water, electricity etc- using

telephone S

services. T

▪ Prepare home budgets for groceries /

▪ Keep records of home members’

bio data e.g names, date of birth
▪ Students can use computers to do
school assignments that are taken
home.
35

USE OF ICTS IN A HOME

1

▪ People use computers in homes for 7

communicating with friends and S

relatives using E-mails, Chat B

rooms using internet. 8

1
 36

USE OF ICTS IN A EDUCATION

1. Computer-based
training, 1

which includes 7

i. Computer-Assisted S

Instructions (CAI)- this

uses S

5
 0

a combination of text,
graphics, sound and
video in enhancing the
learning
process.
37

i. Computer-Assisted 1

Learning (CAL), involves U

S

B
 students’ use of computers
and I

appropriate software to learn 0

at their own pace with no

direct interaction with a
human instructor.
38 1

iii. Computer-Assisted 1

2
 0

Assessment (CAA), U
S

Involves use of
computers S

to give test questions,

capture answers of
learners and award
marks.
39
USE OF ICTS IN A EDUCATION (CONT…) 1

2) For students’ educational research 1

using the internet. U

S

2) For online learning- E-learning

also C

called Distance learning using web 0

based tutorials.
 3) Bursars and cashiers use
computers to calculate payroll for
staff and keep records of
fees/tuition payments etc. 40

4) Used for simulations of 1

experiments or real-life
situations 0

that may be hazardous. S

/
5) Used with Electronic library 1

systems for searching,

borrowing, and returning
books.

41

e) For keeping records of

students and producing report
cards or other related 1

document using School

Administration 7

2
AMS) Or
0

School Management Information B

Systems (SMIS) S

42

Advantages of using ICTs in

teaching and learning include 1
a) CAI and CAL packages that 1

contain multimedia effects U

S

make learning more

interesting I

and interactive. 0

b) Students can learn by

 themselves when the
teacher is not available.
43 1

c) Students can learn and 7

proceed at their own pace. U

S

d) Students can get results or T

after
 answering questions or
after carrying out an
activity.
44

e. The Internet provides

rich 1

educational resources on
a 1

given topic S

U
 B

f. Abstract concepts are

more S

clearly explained with

tations. 45

e. Hazardous /dangerous 7

0
 experiments that are difficult
to U
S

perform can be easily taught I

through simulations software. 0

f. Advanced instructions
can be given to students
in areas
where the teacher may
not be qualified
 46 1

🞆Edutainment- which is a
type 7

of educational software that U

S

combines education with T

entertainment thus making 1

 learning more enjoyable.

47

Disadvantages of using ICT in

teaching and learning
a) Face to face interaction between
students 1

and teachers may be reduced. 0

b) Students can only follow what the

CAL S

U
 B

packages are predefined to offer. T

c) It increases on the operational costs

in 1
/

acquisition and maintenance of IT

devices
d) Wastage of time on materials that
may not be educational in nature

48
4. APPLICATIONS OF ICT
IN
LEISURE & ENTERTAINMENT
ble 1

devices e.g phones , radios receivers. 1

/

2. Internet websites can be used to watch films 2

listen to music or down load them. S

3. Watch a video or a movie using computer C

software 8

4. Compose and edit a video clips and

games. 5. Read novels or magazine online
for leisure 6. Used to plan and book
vacation with recreation centers all over
the world using internet.
 49

USE ICTS IN TRANSPORT 1

🞆 Used for booking flights , train and bus tickets on line /

🞆 Used for paying transport fairs in taxis using credit 0

cards S

🞆 Use of GPS systems for directing travelers to their B

intended destinations C

🞆 Used in the preparation and issuance of driving 8

licences 1
/

🞆 Used to keep record of vehicles and their

owners e.g online car registration.
🞆 National rail and bus websites can be use
 check train / bus arrivals and departure.
🞆 Used for tracking vehicles in transit or those
stolen by robbers.
🞆 Traffic websites can used to check the traffic
conditions before setting off for the journey.
50

4. APPLICATIONS OF POLITICS
AND GOVERNMENT
1

🞆 Preparation of the national budget 7

s 0

through issuance of National IDs U

🞆 Used to promote efficient and effective political T

 S

elections through online voting. 5

🞆 ICTs are used for mass communication

to citizens through telephone text
messaging, TV and radio broadcasts.
🞆 Usedto prepare pay rolls and transfer
money to bank accounts of government
civil servants.
51

8. APPLICATIONS OF IT IN HEALTH

1. Maintain patient records in hospitals 1

and clinics. 7

0
2. Monitor patients' vital signs in S

hospital rooms and at home. B

3. Computer-assisted medical tests. 8

4. Research and diagnose

medical conditions.
5. Implant computerized
devices (e.g., pacemakers)
that allow patients to live
longer.
52

USES OF ICTS IN BUSINESS 1

1
 /

d prices 0

🞆 Preparing business documents e.g receipts, Invoices T

🞆 Used for stock control in a department store

🞆 Ticket reservation system in a cinema,
and transport services.
🞆 Used as a Point-of-Sale (POS) system in a
supermarket to scan product prices using
bar code readers
🞆 Electronic funds transfer system in a bank
53
USES OF ICTS IN BUSINESS
1

a) Use of Automated teller machine /

(ATM) for cash withdraws and S

deposits in banks. I

b) Making cash deposits and withdraws5

on mobile phones to bank

accounts. c) Us of inter-switch
 where cash is transferred
between accounts or
banks.
54

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
(E-Commerce)
1. E-commerce is an activity of carrying out 1

business activities e.g financial 1

transaction over an electronic network, 2

such as the Internet. S

Online shopping and banking are two B

C
 popular activities with E-commerce that T

uses either Electronic money (E

money) or Electric Data

Interchange 5

(EDI).
E-money is a means of paying for goods and services
over the Internet.

i. EDIis a set of standards that control the transfer of

business data and information among computers both 55
within and among companies.
:
Advantages of e-
commerce 1.
Transactions can occur
instantaneously and globally, thus 1

save time for participants on both 2

/

ends. S

2. Transactions can occur 24 hours per I

day. 5

3. Businesses have access to

millions of people with Internet
 connections.
4. Businesses have the ability to
gather customer information,
analyze it, and react if
appropriate.
56

5. Customers can compare prices

easily. 6. Feedback can be
immediate. 1

7. Manufacturers can buy and sell 7

directly, avoiding the cost of the S

middleman. B
 I

8. Distribution costs for information is S

reduced or eliminated.

57

DISADVANTAGESOFE-COMMERCE 1

🞆 Initial Cost 7

🞆 Security
0
 S

🞆 Lack of taste / touch B

58 1

/1

/2

20

SU

IC

85

/1
 59

e) Banking money online from any

where f) Electronic fund transfer
EFT a system 1

where funds are directly transferred 7

from one bank account to the other S

g) Loan and credit card applications I

h) Download monthly transaction 5

information
i) Usemagnetic ink character
recognition (MICR) to process
cheques.

60

6. Usecomputer-controlled devices
during operations that require
great precision 1

(e.g., laser eye surgery and heart

surgery). 2
/

7. Telemedicine through computers with S

B
 videoconferencing capabilities. C
I

8. Use of computer-aided surgery for 0

training prior to performing

surgery on live humans

61

IMPLICATIONS OF ICT IN THE SOCIETY

A. Social/Ethical impact 1

⚫ Positive
1

0
 2

1. The electronic office- Allows people to 0

produce reports and other documents

far U

more quickly, with greater access to T

relevant information. 5

2. Variety of contacts- people can

communicate by e-mail, mobile
phone, tele- conferencing
which is cheaper.
3. Limited access to private
information people deter un
authorized access to
 personal information.
62

4. Trainingand skills acquisition –

people are trained to use the new
hardware. 1

5. Productivity- more work can be 1

/

achieved in less time by fewer

people. 0

6. Costs reduction –people can cut B

movement costs and working from

home S

8
 5

through telecommuting

7. New jobs-new industries have

been created inline with IT
e.g. to maintain hardware,
write software and provide
support
63

8. Digital photograph- are

shared by family and
friends more easily via CDs,
telephones, email and
websites. 1

2
9. Media- you can record and distribute 0

your own music, create your own S

computer games. C
I

10. Internet-use internet to send and 0

receive electronic mail,

participate in discussions
through news groups etc.

64
Negative implications
1. Internet fraud e.g. identity theft and 1

denial of service attacks. 7

2. The interception of credit card details

and S

transactions online through

phishing. I

3. Hacking into personal, private files

with 5

1
 criminal intent.
4. Fraudulent websites- taking of
credit cards from customers
through pharming

65

5. Thespreading of viruses via the

internet and email attachments. 1

6. Digital divide – where other people

can 2
/

ably use ICT and others are left behind. S

B
7. Job displacement replacing man power
in C
I

an organization with computerized 5

machines.
8. Valuable time wastage-many people
use
computers without positive
purpose. They play games and
chat for a long period of
time.
66

2. Economic impact of ICT

1. It has improved productivity in
all 1

sectors of work. 7

2. ICT has created employment S

opportunities due to availability

of C
I

diversified uses computers. 5

1
 67

4. It
has increased efficiency in
implementing high cost
transactions. 5.
Telecommuting. Improvement
in quality of working lifestyle. S

6. It
has increased innovation
through collaboration of
innovative firms and through
on-line research.
7. It provides flexibility in
production processes through
 automation.

68

3. Political implications 1

1. It promotes democracy since any one

can 1

report about anything.eg through

the 0

mass media S

2. They also promote effective and T

8
 5

efficient elections and campaigns by 0

candidates.eg online voting

3. ICT enhances good leadership
since the whole world is at a
watch, through the internet and
satellite systems.
69

5. The technologies foster steady-

fast delivery of services to the
general public 1

through mass media. 7

0
6. Provide ideal platform for local voices
to S

be heard, overcoming physical and I

social barriers. 8

7. ICT’s have increased disaster

awareness and preparedness by
governments through ICT-based
weather forecasts.

70
4. Environmental implication
1. ICT has contributed to material savings
in 1

industry and processing systems by using 2

/

more intelligent process control. S

2. Reduced consumption of
energy, I

water and other essential natural 8

resources through more efficient

agriculture and industrial
 procedures fostered by ICTs.

71 1

3. ICT has led to reduction in

pollution 7

through green computing practices S

e.g Tele-commuting, Video B

conferencing etc. S

1
 72

4. Itcreates awareness to
people to participate in
activities that help 1

in protecting the
environment. 2

5. Monitors and responds to B

environmental disasters in 8

1
 developing countries,
they also warn and
predict disaster.

73 1

4. It has reduced on paper work 7

through electronic documents. S

5. ICT generates waste electronic I

material (e-waste), which can be 8

0
 /

problematic for disposal or

recycling. (Negative impact)

74

REVISION QUESTIONS
1.Define the term computer. 1

🞆 Define these terms as used in computing

1

🞆 Data
2

🞆 Information
S

🞆 ICT
B

I
 C

2. List down all the Characteristics of modern S

computers. 5

3. State the factors you would look out

for before buying a computer.
4. List 3 aims of learning Subsidiary ICT.
5. List 4 professional careers
attainable in the computing field.
7.Explain the implications of ICT in the
different sectors of work.
1
75
1

1
76

COMPUTER MANAGEMENT

COMPUTER LABORATORY CARE 1

AND MAINTENANCE 2
/

0
 S

77

COMPUTER CARE
AND
SAFETY 1

The Computer Lab. 7

repared 0

S
 specifically for safe installation, teaching of U

computer use and practice. C

78
FACTORS CONSIDERED WHEN PREPARING A
COMPUTER LAB.
1

i. Security of computer Hardware 7

0
 2

and Software. U
S

ii. Reliability of the source of C

power 0

iii. Numberof computers to

be set up.
rs. 79

AREAS OF LABORATORY
SECURITY a) Physical security
 1

b) Data security /

c) Electric power security S

d) User security I

80