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Q) Explain Process Control Block. Draw The Block Diagram: of Process Transition States

A Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by an operating system to store information about a process such as its state, ID, and resources. The PCB tracks a process through states like new, ready, running, blocked, and exit. A system call allows a process to request services from the operating system kernel like process management, file I/O, memory allocation, and device access. Common system call types include process control, file management, memory management, and more.

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113 views23 pages

Q) Explain Process Control Block. Draw The Block Diagram: of Process Transition States

A Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by an operating system to store information about a process such as its state, ID, and resources. The PCB tracks a process through states like new, ready, running, blocked, and exit. A system call allows a process to request services from the operating system kernel like process management, file I/O, memory allocation, and device access. Common system call types include process control, file management, memory management, and more.

Uploaded by

ganeshshimpi125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q) Explain Process Control Block.

Draw the block diagram


of process transition states.
--- A Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by an operating system to store
information about a particular process. It contains information about the process, including its
current state, the process ID, CPU usage, memory allocation, input/output devices allocated, and
other relevant details.
The PCB is created by the operating system when a process is first created, and it is used by the
operating system to manage the process throughout its life cycle. Whenever a process is scheduled to
run, the operating system uses the PCB to determine its current state, allocate resources as necessary,
and then transition the process to the appropriate state.
Here is a block diagram of the process transition
states:
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New State

Ready State

Running State <-----> Blocked State

Exit State

The diagram shows the four basic states that a process can be in: New, Ready, Running, Blocked, and Exit. The arrows show the possible transitions
between these states.
New State: This is the state when a new process is
created, but it has not yet been admitted to the system.
Ready State: This is the state when a process is
waiting for a CPU to become available.
Running State: This is the state when a process is
currently being executed by the CPU.
Blocked State: This is the state when a process is waiting for an event
to occur, such as input/output completion, before it can proceed.
Exit State: This is the state when a process has
completed its execution and has terminated.
The PCB is used to store information about the current state of a process, and it is updated by
the operating system as the process moves between different states. This information is used
by the operating system to manage the process and allocate resources as necessary
Q).What is system call? Explain briefly about
various types

of system calls provided by an operating system.


-- A system call is a request made by a user-level process to the operating system kernel for a service
or resource that the process cannot access directly. System calls provide an interface between the
user-level processes and the kernel, allowing processes to access the resources and services provided
by the operating system.
Here are some of the common types of system calls
provided by an operating system:
Process Control System Calls: These system calls are used for process
management, such as creating a new process, terminating a process, changing
the priority of a process, and waiting for a process to complete.
File Management System Calls: These system calls are used for file
management, such as opening a file, closing a file, reading from a file, and
writing to a file.
Memory Management System Calls: These system calls are used for
memory management, such as allocating memory for a process, freeing
memory, and getting information about memory usage.
Device Management System Calls: These system calls are used for device
management, such as requesting access to a device, releasing a device, and
reading from or writing to a device.
Network Management System Calls: These system calls are used for
network management, such as creating a connection, sending data over a
network, and receiving data from a network.
Security Management System Calls: These system calls are used for security
management, such as setting permissions on files or resources, creating and
managing user accounts, and authentication and authorization.
Each operating system provides a different set of system calls, and the specific system calls available
may vary depending on the type of operating system and its version. These system calls are essential
for an operating system to provide a robust and secure environment for user-level processes to run
and interact with the system.
Q) What is Thread? What resources are used when
a thread

is created? How do they differ from those used when a

process is created?
-- A thread

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