3D MODEL OF DIFFERENTIAL GEAR BOX USING SOLIDWORKS

A Project Report for Industrial Internship

In the partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

DIPLOMA
In the

Department OF ME

DR. MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

at

Ardent ComputechPvt. Ltd.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The achievement that is associated with the successful completion of

any task would be incomplete without mentioning the names of
those people whose endless cooperation made it possible. Their
constant guidance and encouragement made all our efforts
successful.

We take this opportunity to express our deep gratitude towards our

project mentor Soumyadip Sarkar for giving such valuable
suggestions, guidance and encouragement during the development
of this project work.

Last but not the least we are grateful to all the faculty members of
Ardent ComputechPvt. Ltd. for their support

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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION OF SOLIDWORKS
2. ADVANTAGE OF SOLIDWORKS
3. TOOLS USE FOR 2D DESIGN
4. MODIFY PANEL
5. DRAWING PANEL
6. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
7. PLAN DETAILS FOR PROJECT
8. IMAGE OF PROJECT
9. CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION
SolidWorks is a robust and widely used computer-aided design (CAD)
software developed by Dassault Systems. It is a versatile tool
employed by engineers and designers to create 3D models, simulate
designs, and generate detailed engineering drawings. SolidWorks is
renowned for its user-friendly interface, powerful 3D modelling
capabilities, and integration with various engineering analysis tools. It
plays a pivotal role in product design and development across
multiple industries, facilitating the creation of innovative and precise
designs.

ADVANTAGE OF SOLIDWORKS
1. User-Friendly Interface: SolidWorks features an intuitive and user-
friendly interface, making it accessible to both beginners and
experienced CAD users. The interface includes customizable toolbars
and menus for efficient navigation.

2. Parametric Modelling: SolidWorks uses parametric modelling,

which allows users to create designs that are fully associative and
easily modifiable. Changes made to one part of the model
automatically update all related components and drawings.

3. Extensive 3D Modelling Tools: SolidWorks provides a wide range of

powerful 3D modelling tools, enabling users to create complex

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shapes and assemblies with ease. Features like sweeps, lofts, and
fillets simplify the design process.

4. Design Validation: The software offers integrated simulation and

analysis tools for structural, thermal, and fluid flow analysis. This
helps engineers assess the performance and reliability of their
designs, reducing the need for physical prototypes.

5. Assembly Capabilities: SolidWorks excels in handling complex

assemblies. Users can create assemblies with numerous components
and define relationships, constraints, and motion simulations to
ensure proper function.

6. Comprehensive Drawing Tools: SolidWorks simplifies the creation

of detailed engineering drawings with automated dimensioning,
annotations, and bills of materials. These drawings are essential for
manufacturing and documentation.

7. Interoperability: SolidWorks supports a wide range of file formats

for importing and exporting, ensuring compatibility with other CAD
systems and software applications.

8. Data Management: SolidWorks offers built-in data management

tools that enable teams to collaborate effectively, manage design
revisions, and control access to design data.

9. Library of Standard Parts: SolidWorks includes a library of standard

components and fasteners, saving time in the design process and
ensuring accuracy in the use of standard parts.

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10.Realistic Rendering: Users can create photorealistic renderings
and animations of their designs, making it easier to present concepts
to clients, stakeholders, and marketing teams.
TOOLS USED FOR 2D PLAN
When you work with sketches in SolidWorks, you'll find a variety of
components and tools available to create and modify sketch geometry. These
components are essential for creating 2D profiles that form the basis for 3D
features in your parts and assemblies. Here are the key components of a
sketch in SolidWorks:

1. Sketch Plane: A sketch is always created on a specific plane, such as a top,

front, or right plane. You can also create sketches on custom reference planes.

2. Sketch Entities: Sketch entities are the fundamental building blocks of a

sketch. These include:
- Lines: Used to create straight segments.
- Arcs: Used to create curved segments.
-Circles: Used to create circular shapes.
- Rectangles: Used to create four-sided shapes with right angles.
- Splines: Used to create freeform curves.
- Points: Used as reference or anchor points.
- Ellipses: Used to create oval shapes.
- Slots: Used to create elongated holes with specified dimensions.

3. Constraints: Constraints are rules that define the relationships between

sketch entities, ensuring that they maintain specific positions or dimensions.
Common constraints include:
- Horizontal and Vertical Constraints: Forces a line or edge to be horizontal or
vertical.
- Coincident Constraint: Forces two sketch entities to share a common point.
- Parallel Constraint: Ensures that lines or edges remain parallel.

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 - Perpendicular Constraint: Ensures that lines or edges form right angles.
- Equal and Symmetric Constraints: Makes entities equal in length or
symmetric with respect to other entities.
- Tangent Constraint: Ensures that curves are tangent to one another.
- Dimensional Constraints: Assign precise measurements (e.g., length, angle)
to sketch entities.

4. Relations: Relations define geometric and mathematical relationships

between sketch entities and can be used to create more complex sketches.
Examples include concentric circles, collinear lines, and midpoint relationships.

5. Dimensions: Dimensions specify the size and position of sketch entities.

Dimensions can be added manually or created automatically by SolidWorks as
you sketch. You can set up dimensions for lengths, angles, radii, and more.

6. Sketch Tools: SolidWorks provides various sketch tools that assist in creating
and modifying sketch geometry. These tools include trimming, extending,
filleting, chamfering, and mirroring.

7. Text and Annotations: You can add text and annotations to sketches to
provide additional information or labels.

8. Sketch View Options: SolidWorks offers view-related options within the

sketch environment, such as pan, zoom, and dynamic rotation, to help you
work with precision.

9. Convert Entities: This tool allows you to convert existing model edges, faces,
or sketch entities into sketch geometry.

10. Equations: Advanced users can use equations to define relationships

between sketch dimensions and parameters. This is particularly useful for
parametric design.

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11. Sketch Blocks: You can create sketch blocks to group and reuse collections
of sketch entities within your sketch.

These components collectively allow you to create detailed and precise

sketches that form the foundation of 3D models in SolidWorks. Sketches are
used to define features like extrusions, cuts, revolves, and sweeps, enabling
you to build complex parts and assemblies with accuracy and efficiency.

In SOLIDWORKS, an assembly is a collection of parts and subassemblies that

are combined together to create a complete product or machine. The main
components of an assembly in SOLIDWORKS include:

1. Parts: Parts are individual components that make up the assembly. These
can be created separately and then brought together in an assembly. Each part
can have its own unique features, dimensions, and materials.

2. Subassemblies: Subassemblies are assemblies within the main assembly.

They are used to group related parts together, making it easier to manage and
organize complex assemblies. Subassemblies can also be nested, allowing for a
hierarchical structure in the assembly.

3. Constraints (Mates): Constraints, also known as mates, are used to define

how parts and subassemblies are positioned and connected to each other
within the assembly. SOLIDWORKS provides various types of mates, such as
coincident, concentric, parallel, and more, to establish relationships between
components.

4. Fasteners: SOLIDWORKS includes a library of standard fasteners like bolts,

nuts, washers, and screws. These can be added to the assembly to simulate
real-world connections and joints.

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5. Motion: In some cases, you may want to simulate the movement of parts
within the assembly. SOLIDWORKS allows you to define motion relationships
between components, enabling you to create animations or analyse the
behaviour of your design under various conditions.

6. Exploded Views: Exploded views are used to show how parts and
subassemblies come apart or are assembled. They are often used for assembly
instructions and documentation.

7. Bill of Materials (BOM): A BOM is a list that itemizes all the components
and subassemblies in the assembly. It typically includes information such as
part numbers, descriptions, quantities, and other relevant details.

8. Assembly Features: These are features created at the assembly level, such
as cuts or patterns that affect multiple parts simultaneously. Assembly features
can be used to modify parts within the assembly.

9. Configurations: Configurations allow you to create variations of the

assembly within the same file. You can change the dimensions, appearance, or
other properties of components for different configurations.

10. Drawing Views: If you need to create detailed drawings of your assembly
for manufacturing or documentation purposes, SOLIDWORKS allows you to
generate drawing views directly from the assembly.

11. Sensors and Simulation: SOLIDWORKS also provides tools for analysing
assemblies, including stress analysis, motion simulation, and interference
detection. Sensors can be used to monitor specific parameters within the
assembly.

These are the main components and features you'll encounter when working
with assemblies in SOLIDWORKS. They allow you to design, simulate, and
document complex mechanical systems efficiently.

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PROJECT DETAILS
INTRODUCTION :
A differential gearbox, often referred to simply as a "differential," is a
critical component in many automotive and mechanical systems. It
plays a fundamental role in distributing power from the engine to the
wheels of a vehicle while allowing for differences in wheel speed and
rotation during turns. This mechanism is vital for smooth and efficient
vehicle operation.

APPLICATION :
Differential gearboxes are mechanical devices with a wide range of
applications in various industries and vehicles. Their primary function
is to distribute power and allow for differential wheel speeds, making
them essential for vehicles and machinery where traction and smooth
operation are critical. Here are some key applications of differential
gearboxes:

1. Automotive Industry:
- Passenger Vehicles: Differential gearboxes are found in virtually all
cars, trucks, and SUVs. They enable smooth cornering and prevent tire
scrubbing during turns by allowing the wheels on the same axle to
rotate at different speeds.

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 - Commercial Vehicles: Trucks, buses, and heavy-duty vehicles use
differential gearboxes to manage power distribution between their
wheels, ensuring stability and manoeuvrability.

- Off-Road Vehicles: Off-road vehicles like SUVs, ATVs, and dune

buggies rely on differential gearboxes to provide traction on uneven
terrain.

2. Construction and Earthmoving Equipment:

- Backhoes, Excavators, and Loaders: Differential gearboxes help
control the power distribution between the wheels or tracks of heavy
machinery, ensuring they can navigate and operate effectively on
construction sites.

3. Agriculture:
- Tractors and Farm Equipment: Differential gearboxes are integral
components of agricultural machinery, helping tractors and other
equipment move efficiently in fields and on various terrains.

4. Industrial Machinery:
- Conveyor Systems: Differential gearboxes can be used in conveyor
systems to manage the distribution of power to multiple belts or
rollers, ensuring smooth material handling.

- Manufacturing Equipment: Differential gearboxes are employed in

machinery used for manufacturing and processing operations where
precise control of motion and power distribution is required.

ADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENTIAL GEAR BOX:

Differential gearboxes offer several advantages in various applications,
particularly in vehicles and machinery where differential wheel speeds and

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power distribution are crucial. Here are the key advantages of differential
gearboxes:

1. Smooth Cornering: Differential gearboxes allow the wheels on the same

axle to rotate at different speeds during turns. This feature ensures that the
outer wheel can travel a longer distance than the inner wheel, resulting in
smooth and stable cornering without tire scrubbing.

2. Improved Traction: Differential gearboxes distribute power to all wheels or

tracks in a vehicle or machinery, enhancing traction on various terrains. This is
particularly important in off-road vehicles and heavy machinery used in
construction and agriculture.

3. Enhanced Stability: By allowing each wheel to rotate at its appropriate

speed, differential gearboxes contribute to vehicle stability and control. This is
vital in maintaining stability during emergency manoeuvres and adverse road
conditions.

4. Reduced Tire Wear: Even distribution of power among the wheels reduces
tire wear and tear, resulting in longer tire life and cost savings for vehicle
owners and operators.

DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENTIAL GAER BOX :

While differential gearboxes offer numerous advantages, they also have some
disadvantages and limitations, particularly in certain situations and
applications. Here are some of the disadvantages of differential gearboxes:

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1. Wheel Slip in Low Traction Conditions: In situations where one wheel has
significantly less traction than the other (e.g., on ice, mud, or a steep incline), a
standard open differential will send power to the wheel with the least traction.
This can result in wheel spin and difficulty in gaining traction.

2. Limited Off-Road Capability: Open differentials can struggle in off-road and

extreme terrain conditions. When a wheel loses traction, the differential may
not effectively transfer power to the wheel with traction, limiting the vehicle's
ability to navigate challenging obstacles.

3. Uneven Power Distribution: While differential gearboxes distribute power

between wheels, they do so in proportion to the available traction. This means
that if one wheel has significantly more traction than the other, it will receive
more power, potentially causing imbalance in power distribution.

4. Loss of Traction in Extreme Cases: In certain situations, such as when a

vehicle gets stuck with one wheel off the ground, a standard differential may
send all power to the wheel with no traction, resulting in a loss of forward or
backward motion.

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 PROJECT IMAGE:

DIFFERENTIAL GAER BOX

COMPONENTS OF DIFFERENTIAL GAER BOX:

MAIN SHAFT

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HELICAL WORM GEAR

SPIDER GEAR

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SIDE GEAR

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CONCLUSION

* We learn who to use SolidWorks. And understand all

the tool using through SolidWorks.
* We done our modelling plan in. dog format.
* We learned how to install SolidWorks software.
* We done our project documentation.
* And complete learning process in this period of time.

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