Course Name: Computer Application

Course Code: HRM- 107

MD. AL-AMIN (SAJIB)

Lecturer,
Dept. of Human Resource Management
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Email: [email protected]
 Chapter-05
Computer Network
Chapter outline:
1. Concept of Network.
2. Concept of Computer Network
3. Types of Computer Networks
4. Use of Computer Networks
5. Some Network Terminologies
6. Concept of Network Topology
7. Types of Network Topology
 Concept of Network
A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes,
network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to
one another to allow the sharing of data. An example of a
network is the Internet, which connects millions of people all
over the world. The main advantages of networks are:
▪ Shared use of data
▪ Shared use of resources
▪ Central control of programs and data
▪ Central storage and backup of data
▪ Shared processing power and storage capacity
▪ Easy management of authorizations and responsibilities
 Concept of Computer Network
A computer network is a system that connects numerous
independent computers in order to share information
(data) and resources.
A computer network is a collection of two or more
computer systems that are linked together. A network
connection can be established using either cable or
wireless media.
Hardware and software are used to connect computers
and tools in any network.
The computer of a network communicate with one
another and share applications, data, voice, video, and
hardware components.
 Types of Computer Networks
Networks are usually divided into different network
types according to transmission type and range, that is,
depending on how or how far the data is transmitted.
Networks are classified by transmission type
▪ Wireless Network
▪ Wired Network
Wireless networks include Wi-Fi networks based on the
IEEE 802.11 standard, or the LTE networks used for
mobile devices and smartphones.
Wired networks are also known as broadband Internet.
 Types of Computer Networks
Networks are typically classified by range as follows:
Personal Area Network (PAN): A PAN is used for interconnecting
devices within a short range of approximately 10 meters. Examples
include Bluetooth technology or Apple’s Airdrop ad hoc Wi-Fi service.
Local Area Network (LAN): Local area networks are among the most
widespread networks and are used in households or small and medium-
sized companies.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): These types of networks cover
cities or single geographic regions.
Wide Area Network (WAN): The nationwide broadband or cellular
network in the US is an example of a Wide Area Network.
Global Area Network (GAN): The best known example of a global
network is the Internet.
NB: Note that there is some overlap between the different network types:
As a Wi-Fi user, you are simultaneously part of a WAN and a GAN when
you’re connected to the Internet.
 Use of Computer Networks
Computer networks provide many benefits. Major use of
computer networks are:
▪ Simultaneous access to programs and data
▪ Sharing peripheral devices like printers, scanners etc.
▪ Personal communications using e-mail
▪ Making backup of information
▪ Aiding communication by teleconferencing and video
conferencing
▪ Protecting information by account name and password
 Some Network Terminologies
❑ Network Topology: Topology of a network describes the
way the computers and the nodes of the network are
interconnected. There are a number of possible topologies-
▪ Bus topology
▪ Star topology
▪ Tree topology
▪ Ring topology
▪ Mesh topology
❑ Links: The physical connections that connects the nodes
are known as links. A link may be through a pair of wires, a
coaxial cable, an optical fibre or through a satellite. The
data transmission rate of the links are expressed by kbps,
Mbps, Gbps. Examples are 64kbps, 2 Mbps and 2 Gbps etc.
 Some Network Terminologies
❑ Media: The most commonly used media for computer
networks are twisted pair, co-axial cable and optical
fibre. Wireless techniques include broad-cast radio
waves, microwaves and infrared.
❑ Network protocols: Computers of a network must
obey some rules when communicating with each other.
This set of rules forms the protocol for a computer
network. An common example protocol architecture is
the TCP/IP protocol suite.
 Concept of Network Topology
A network topology is the physical and logical
arrangement of nodes and connections in a network.
Nodes usually include devices such as switches, routers
and software with switch and router features. There are
some network topology in local area network which
given as following-
▪ Bus Topology
▪ Ring Topology
▪ Star Topology
▪ Tree Topology
▪ Mesh Topology
▪ Hybrid Topology
Types of Network Topology
 Concept of Network Topology
Bus Topology:
In the bus network topology, every node is connected in series
along a single cable. This arrangement is found today
primarily in cable broadband distribution networks.
Star Topology:
In the star network topology, a central device connects to all
other nodes through a central hub.
Ring Topology:
In the ring network topology, the nodes are connected in a
closed-loop configuration . Some rings pass data in one
direction only, while others are capable of transmission in
both directions.
 Concept of Network Topology
Mesh Topology: The mesh network topology links nodes
with connections so that multiple paths between at least some
points of the network are available.
Tree Topology: The tree network topology consists of one
root node, and all other nodes are connected in a hierarchy.
The topology itself is connected in a star configuration. Many
larger Ethernet switch networks, including data center
networks, are configured as trees.
Hybrid Topology: The hybrid network topology is any
combination of two or more topologies. Hybrid topologies
typically provide exceptional flexibility, as they can
accommodate a number of setups. For example, different
departments in the same organization may opt for
personalized network topologies that are more adaptable to
their network needs.
Thank you so much.
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